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WS2
WS2
Date Class
Procedures
1. Weigh 5 grams of marble using a scale, then put it into the beaker glass. Add 50 mL of
soda water (similar to acid rain water)
2. Observe the solution for several minutes, then stir and leave it.
3. If the solution has stopped reacting, filter it using filter paper.
4. Dry the left-over marble and determine the mass.
Analysis
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Materials
electrolyte test kit
a 50 mL beaker glass
spray bottle
distilled water
orange solution
soap solution
table salt solution
Procedures
1. Carefully place the electrodes of the test kit of electric conductivity into a beaker glass
filled with orange solution. Observe what happens. (Note: Do not taste the solution).
2. Do the same thing to soap and salt solutions.
Orange solution
Soap solution
Salt solution
Analysis
1. Can orange, soap and salt solutions conduct electric current?
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Generally acid is a reactive substance. Test the reactivity of the following three acids using
some known substances, and develop the operational definition of acid solution.
drop palette
pipette
toothpicks
marble chips
zinc powder
aluminum plates
albumine
CH3COOH 3M solution
H2SO4 3M solution
HCl 3M solution
What to do
1. Prepare a clear drop palette. Mark B1 to B4 for dent 1-4, C1-C4 for dent 5-8, and D1-D4
for dent 9-12. Using pipettes, put 10 drops of acetic acid (CH3COOH) into dent B1B4,
sulfate acid (H2SO4) into dent C1C4, and chloride acid (HCl) into dent D1D4.
2. Add a marble chip (calcium carbonate) into dent B1, C1, dan D1. Write your
observation.
3. In the same way, add zinc into dent B2, C2, dan D2; aluminum into dent B3, C3, dan
D3; some albumine egg into dent B4, C4 dan D4. Write your observation.
Analysis
1. Summarize and explain the observation results of the reactions of the three acids with
the tested substances. The summary can give an operational definition of acid.
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2. Which acid having the same concentration as the other acids shows lower reactivity?
Why does it happen?
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In this activity you are going to observe the changing color of litmus paper and indicator solution
that are used in the laboratory.
What to do
3. Add 2 drops of phenolphtalein into
1. Cut 1 cm of red and blue litmus paper dent A1, B1 dan C1; 2 drops of methyl
and put them in the dents of the drop red into dent A2,B2 dan C2; 2 drops of
palette; then add some distilled water. methylorange into A3, B3, and C3; and
Observe whether there is any change on 2 drops of blue bromtimol into A4, B4,
the litmus. Write your observation. In the dan C4. Write your observation.
same way, test other prepared solutions.
4. In the same way as step 2, test other
2. Prepare a clean drop palette. Mark A1 solutions and write your observation.
to A4 for dent 14, B1B4 for dent 58,
and C1C4 for dent 912. Using pipette
put 5 drops of vinegar solution into dent
A1A4, lime solution into dent B1B4,
and distilled water into dent C1C4.
1. Classify the tested solutions based on their characteristics (acid, base or neutral)
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3. If a solution is tested using red litmus, its color remains red. Can you conclude that
the solution is an acid? Explain .
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Indicator is often used to determine the characteristics of a solution. In this laboratory activity,
you will make an indicator from purple cabbage and other natural indicators, and use them to determine
the characteristics of the solutions often used in households. The purple cabbage extract contains
antocyanine molecule, which can change its color in solutions.
Problem
What are the characteristics of various solutions often used in households?
1. Slice the purple cabbage into small 1. Prepare various colored flowers or
pieces, and put them into the 100 mL natural products (for example hibiscus,
beaker glass filled with about 30 mL preserved olive, rose, turmeric, etc.)
of distilled water.
2. Make extracts of those natural products
2. Put the beaker glass into the steam bath by grinding them using 5 mL of
and heat it until the water boils and distilled water in a mortar.
becomes purple. Pour the cabbage
extract indicator into another clean 3. Use pipette to pour 5 drops of lemon
beaker glass. juice into dent 1, vinegar solution into
dent 2, salt solution into dent 3, soap
3. Use pipette to pour 5 drops of lemon solution into dent 4, soda solution into
juice into dent 1, vinegar solution into dent 5, borax solution into dent 6, and
dent 2, salt solution into dent 3, soap duct cleaner into dent 7. Clean the
solution into dent 4, soda solution into pipette everytime you pour different
dent 5, borax solution into dent 6, and solutions.
duct cleaner into dent 7. Clean the
pipette everytime you pour different 4. Into each dent, add 5 drops of the
solutions. indicator solution. Stir each solution
using toothpicks. Observe the changing
4. Into each dent, pour 5 drops of the color of each solution. Write the color
indicator solution. Stir each solution and characteristics of the solutions in a
using toothpicks. Observe the table.
changing color of each solution. Write
the color and characteristics of the
solutions in a table.
1. Drinks such as lemon juice or vinegar are acids or bases? What ions are present in
those solutions?
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2. Is cleaner solution an acid or base? What ions are possibly contributing in the cleaning
process?
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3. What can you say about the difference of the acidity level between lemon juice
(containing citric acid) and borax solution (containing borac acid)?
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4. Classify the tested solutions based on their characteristics (acid, base or neutral).
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Materials
- 2 Glasses - Spoon
- Water - Table salt
- Soil
Procedures
Take 2 glasses and mark A and B, and fill them with halffull of water.
Add a spoonful of salt to glass A
Add a spoonful of soil to glass B.
Stirr the contents of the glasses.
Observe the contents of glasses
Observation data
Mixture Observation
Analysis
1. Is the content of glass A a mixture? Explain
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2. Is the content of glass B a mixture? Explain
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3. What are the differences between the content of glass A and B?
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Problem
What is the difference between elements, compounds and mixtures?
Materials
- label
- copper sheet
- table salt
- welder wire
- chalk
- granite stone
- sugar solution
- aluminium sheet
Procedures
1. Prepare the above materials.
2. Put paper on each material.
3. Classify them into groups of element, compound, homogenous mixture or
heterogenous mixture. Element names can be seen in Table 1.
Observation Data
No Materials Group
1 ....................... .................................................................................
2 ....................... .................................................................................
3 ....................... .................................................................................
4 ....................... .................................................................................
5 ....................... .................................................................................
6 ....................... .................................................................................
7 ....................... .................................................................................
Application
1. Write down materials in the kitchen. Classify them into groups of element, com-
pound, and mixture.
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2. After classifying them, determine the similarities and differences between ele-
ment, compound, and mixture.
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Identify each of the following items as acid, (A), base (B), salt (S), acid and base (AB) or
acid, base and salt (ABS)!
1. Sour taste
2. Bitter taste
4. Electrolyte
5. Slippery
1. Use the above information to identify the general characteristics of acid, base,
and salt.
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2. Identify the characteristics of acid that are not found in base and salt.
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3. Identify the characteristics of base that are not found in acid and salt.
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4. Identify the characteristics of salt that are not found in acid and base.
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Common elements are presented below. Where can you find them? They might be found in compund
or mixtures.
Column I Column II
___ 1. A mixture whose forming components mix
well.
___ 2. A combination of element symbol that shows a. element
the name and number of forming elements. b. compound
___ 3. A mixture whose forming components do not c. mixture
mix well. d. homogenous
___ 4. The synonym of homogenous mixture e. heterogenous
___ 5. A single substance that consists of two or more f. solution
elements. g. compound symbol
___ 6. A substance that consists of two or more com-
ponents without chemical reactions.
___ 7. A substance that consists of similar atoms.