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jx15, Array, Matlab p2 PDF
jx15, Array, Matlab p2 PDF
jx15, Array, Matlab p2 PDF
discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272175288
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a. L. Bastian Leibe and B. Schiele. Combined object portable communications device the size of a wristwatch be
categorization and segmentation with an implicit shape model. In Proc. available at an affordable cost for such services.In this project
Euro. Conf. Computer Vision, pages 755 762, 2004. different tool boxes of MATLAB are used like, signal
vii. Y. Boykov and V. Kolmogorov. An experimental comparison
processing toolbox, image processing toolbox and phased array
of min-cut/max-flow algorithms for energy minimization in vision. IEEE
Trans. Pattern Anal. MachineIntell., 26(9):11241137, Sept. 2004.
system toolbox for different purpose of extraction of
viii. Y. Y. Boykov and M.-P. Jolly. Interactive graph cuts for information about antenna array and a comparison is made
optimal boundary & region segmentation of objects in ND images. In between the linear and planar antenna arrays.[3]
IEEE Proc. Int. Conf. Computer Vision,pages 105112, 2001.
ix. Bruce, N. and J. Tsotsos, Saliency based on information Keywords: antenna array, channel requirement, MATLAB,
maximization. Advances in neural information processing systems, signal processing toolbox, image processing toolbox, phased
2006. 18: p. 155. array system toolbox, wireless mobile communication
x. Harel, J., C. Koch, and P. Perona, Graph-based visual
saliency. Advances in neural information processing systems, 2007. 19: INTRODUCTION
p. 545.
xi. Hou, X. and L. Zhang. Saliency detection: A spectral residual
approach. 2007: Ieee. The field of wireless mobile communications is growing at an
xii. Itti, L., C. Koch, and E. Niebur, A model of saliency-based explosive rate, covering many technical areas. Its sphere of
visual attention for rapid scene analysis. Pattern Analysis and Machine influence is beyond imagination. In the world of modern
Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on, 1998. 20(11): p. 1254-1259. wireless communication, engineer who wants to specialize in the
xiii. Li, Y., et al. Incremental sparse saliency detection. 2009: communication field needs to have a basic understanding of the
IEEE ICIP. roles of electromagnetic radiation, antennas, and related
xiv. R. Fergus, P. Perona, and A. Zisserman, Object class propagation phenomena.
recognition by unsupervised scale-invariant learning, presented at the
Antenna is an important part of any wireless communication
CVPR, 2003.
xv. T. Liu, J. Sun, N. Zheng, X. Tang, and H. Shum, Learning to
system as it converts the electronic signals (propagating in the
detect a salient object, presented at the CVPR, 2007. RF Trans-receiver) into Electromagnetic Waves (Propagating in
xvi. James, The Principles of Psychology. New York: Holt, 1890. the free space) efficiently with minimum loss. We use antennas
a. Treisman and G. Gelade, A feature-integration theory of when nothing else is possible, as in communication with a
attention, Cogn. Psych., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 97136, 1980. missile or over rugged mountain terrain where cables are
expensive and take a long time to install.
An antenna array is a set of individual antennas used for
transmitting and/or receiving radio waves, connected together in
such a way that their individual currents are in specified
amplitude and phase relationship.
This allows the array to act as a single antenna, generally with
improved directional characteristics (thus higher antenna gain)
than would be obtained from the individual elements. The
resulting array in fact is often referred to and treated as "an
antenna," particularly when the elements are in rigid
Design of linear, planar and circular arrangement with respect to each other, and when the ratio of
currents (and their phase relationships) are fixed. On the other
antenna array using toolboxes of hand, a steerable array may be fixed physically but has
MATLAB electronic control over the relationship between those currents,
allowing for adjustment of the antenna's directionality without
1 requiring physical motion.
Jayanta Kumar Sahu,2 Prabira Kumar Sethy The array uses electromagnetic wave interference to enhance the
1
M.Sc Electronics, Sambalpur University Institute of radiative signal in one desired direction at the expense of other
Information Technology(SUIIT) directions. It may also be used to null the radiation pattern in
2 one particular direction, especially for a receiving antenna in the
Lecturer, Dept. Of ECE, Sambalpur University
jayanta.sahu@suiit.ac.in, psethy@suiit.ac.in face of a particular interfering source. [2]
dimensional radiation pattern of a rectangular array. This Here the two parameters for the construction of the ULA are N
requires three arguments: and D . Where N is the number of antenna in the array and D
represents the spacing distance between the antennas.
JJ. Currents, a matrix whose elements define the current
distribution of the array;
(III)PHASED ARRAY SYSTEM TOOLBOX Figure3- 4 element minimum redundancy linear array
By the following MATLAB coding we can construct a Uniform By the following MATLAB coding we can construct a Uniform
Linear Array (ULA), Circular Array (UCA),
N=20;
D=0.5; N=24;R=1; azang=(0:N-1)*360/N-180;
ha= phased.ULA(N,D); viewArray(ha,'Title','Uniform ha=phased.ConformalArray(...
linear Array(ULA)') set(gca,'CameraViewAngle',4.4); 'ElementPosition',[R*cosd(azang);R
*sind(azang);zeros(1,N)],...
'ElementNormal',[azang;zeros(1,N)] );
viewArray(ha,'ShowNormals',true,'T
itle','UniformCircularArray(UCA)') view(0,90)
Here the two parameters for the construction of the UCA are N
and R . where N is the number of antenna in the array and R
represents the spacing distance between the antennas.
following figure . The u/v coordinates for the hemisphere x 0 are derived from
the phi and theta angles, as follows:
The following MATLAB function generates the three
dimensional radiation pattern of a rectangular array. This u = sin() cos()
requires three arguments:
v = sin() sin()
JJJ. Currents, a matrix whose elements define the current
distribution of the array; by using the following codes we can get the response of the
given antenna array in UV domain
KKK. theta, an array having the directions in which the
pattern is evaluated; %3D response pattern in UV domain
LLL. phi, an array having the directions in which the fc = 1e9; c = 3e8; plotResponse(ha,fc,c,'RespCut',
pattern is evaluated . '3D','Format','UV');
nx = sin cos
Figure7-Response of a 5 x 5 uniform rectangular array in
ny = sin sin UV domain
Finally E(, ) is converted into E(x, y) so that the three When we need to have only the response of the array in U
dimensional plotting function mesh can be used. [1] domain then the following coding are required,
RECTANGULAR ARRAYS IN UV CO- Polar graphs are relevant to any phenomena characterized by its
direction and distance from a fixed point.
ORDINATE SYSTEM
The code for obtaining a polar plot of the response of a given 5 x
UV mapping is the 3D modeling process of making a 2D image 5 uniform rectangular array is,
representation of a 3D model.
fc = 1e9; c = 3e8; plotResponse(ha,fc,c,'RespCut',