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Organicvsnormalstrawberries
Organicvsnormalstrawberries
Organicvsnormalstrawberries
OrganicvsNormalStrawberries
DoOrganicFoodsReallyTasteBetter?
Abstract
The growing popularity of organic grocery stores and foods all around the country raises an important
question: are organic foods really worth it? According to a study conducted by Charles Benbrook of
Washington State University, organic foods were found to be tastier and healthier, with miraculous
quality. This report analyzes whether the LASA senior community supports this claim that organic foods
taste better than the conventional foods. The results of this experiment provided evidence that the there
was a significant mean difference in the ratings of organic foods and non-organic foods.
Table of Contents
1 Introduction ...... 3
2 Hypothesis ............ 3
4 Conclusion ........ 9
6 Appendix A ............ 12
7 Appendix B ......... 12
8 Appendix C ............. 16
9 Appendix D ......... 20
10 Appendix E ............ 30
11 Appendix F ......... 32
12 Appendix G ........ 35
Introduction
Nowadays, people are obsessed with being healthy. They believe that the fresh, organic
quality and artificial-free additive foods are worth their expensive price. With their health and
fitness in mind, they easily prioritize the natural growth process of their meals over the taste and
flavor. But for me, food is meant to be enjoyed, chosen and bought for its exquisite taste. What is
the point of eating things and paying good money for them when you wont enjoy them to the
fullest extent? With the multiplication of organic food markets all around cities, especially
Austin, such as Trader Joes, Whole Foods, Central Market, Costco and Farmers Markets, more
and more people are beginning to be drawn to healthier lifestyles. It is known that around eight
in ten households currently purchase at least some organic products. Keeping this in mind, in a
study comparing more than 100 product pairings of organic and regular goods, organic products
were 47% more expensive. In zucchinis, organic ones were 303% more expensive than their
non-organic counterparts. Through this particular study and countless other juxtapositions, there
is ample evidence that organic goods are likely to be costly and more valuable. However, has the
question of whether or not these investments in peoples health jeopardize their happiness been
answered? Is there really a significant difference on the taste between organic foods and
processed foods?
Hypothesis
The population of the sample is the LASA senior class. The sample in this experiment
was divided into two groups: the first ten being students who tasted organic strawberries first,
and the last ten being students who tasted the normal strawberries first. Sample members were
randomly selected by R studio and randomly assigned to one of these two groups.
A two sample mean hypothesis test was performed in order to compare the mean ratings
of the two different strawberries. The organic strawberries were bought from Whole Foods and
the non-organic ones were bought from HEB. The null hypothesis claims that the true mean
difference of ratings of organic foods and the ratings of normal foods given by the students is
equal to zero, while the alternative hypothesis states that it is not equal to zero. This test would
be comparing the two dependent samples, as the two strawberries were given to the same people.
It is expected to show a significance in the mean difference in ratings of organic foods and
normal foods. That is, it is expected that the test will reject the null hypothesis, to find evidence
that the true mean difference of ratings of organic foods and the ratings of normal foods given by
Body Paragraphs
The population is the LASA senior community. There are 247 seniors at this school in
total, and in order to meet the 10% rule, the sample size for this experiment came to be 20
students. Living in Austin, with much access to social media, teens today are easily persuaded by
the many voices of the internet. Also known as the bandwagon effect, many believe that
millennials are too easily guided by their peers, saying that these kids believe in particular things
because the majority of other people do, regardless of their own opinions. This goes hand in hand
with whether or not people truly believe that organic foods taste better or if they are just echoing
the opinions of others. Especially with the booming of social media, students are exposed to the
influences of so many people. Do LASA seniors, an important group that represents the teens of
Austin, truly see a difference between the two strawberries as they say?
The sampling distribution of 20 students was determined using the sample() code in R.
Then, using the random digit table, the two groups were able to be randomly allocated. The first
group was to taste the organic strawberries first, while the second group was to taste the
non-organic ones first. This would make sure that the groups were randomly allocated in order to
reduce any bias that could come out of the order in which the foods were tasted. In addition, they
were all blindfolded, or course, so that they wouldnt be able to tell which food was which based
on its appearance and shape. They were also blinded, so that the samples wouldnt intentionally
rate the organic food better or vise versa. Each person rated the tastefulness of the first food on a
scale of 1 to 5, 1 being terrible, or odd to the taste, 2 being mediocre , 3 being average tasting, 4
being tasty, and 5 being the best theyve ever had. Then, after rinsing their mouths with water,
they repeated the process, with the second type of strawberries. Finally, after collecting the data,
The sample was a good representation of the LASA population because the sample ()
code in R made sure that random sampling was occurring. Also, the random allocation of the
students into two groups made sure that the order in which the foods were tasted wasnt a
confounding variable. In addition, because 247 is greater than 20(10), the sample size passes the
10% rule, assuming that there are more than 200 students in the LASA class. Because of this, it
can be assumed that the sampling distribution can be approximated by a normal distribution.
students out of 247 seniors. Random allocation, however, was done a little differently. Using the
random digit table, the first ten students were chosen to taste the organic strawberry first, while
the remaining ten were to taste the non-organic strawberry first. A two digit number between 01
and 20 were used, excluding 21 to 99 and 00. Duplicates were excluded and I stopped after
Before starting with the conditions, the parameter needed to be defined: d= true mean
difference of ratings of organic strawberries and non-organic strawberries given by the seniors.
Ho: d =
0
HA: d =/ 0
Furthermore, these are the conditions that need to be satisfied before continuing on with
the calculations. First of all, SRS is given, with the random allocation and random sampling of
the 20 students. Second, Nd 10(20) assuming that there are more than 200 seniors at LASA
High School currently. Third, is unknown, so t had to be used instead of z. Fourth, the samples
are paired, or dependent, as the two means were given by the same samples. And lastly, because
the normal quantile plots departs from linearity, the data may not be normally distributed.
Results may be subject to question, however, I shall proceed with the calculations.
The mean rating of the organic strawberries was 4.15 out of 5.0, while the standard
deviation was 0.745. The mean rating of the normal strawberries was 2.85 out of 5.0, while the
standard deviation was 0.745. The mean difference of the two strawberries was 1.3, and the
standard deviation of the difference was 1.031.9 The t.test function in R calculated the t value to
be 5.7109 and the df = 21. In addition, the p value came out to be p(t>5.7109)*2=1.143e-05.
Since the p value is < , which is 0.05, we will reject the claim that the true mean difference of
ratings of organic foods and the ratings of normal foods given by the students is equal to zero.
Thus, there is evidence to support the claim that there is a significant mean difference in the
ratings of organic strawberries and the ratings of non-organic strawberries of LASA seniors. A
significance level of 0.05 was necessary because it was the most convenient to use.
Exploration of Data was a big part of this project. First of all, it wasnt a surprise that the
normal quantile plot wasnt linear. Since my data was based on ratings from 1 to 5, there was
bound to be some overlaps on the answers, and on the differences between the two ratings. There
wasnt much variability in the numbers to show a linear pattern in the plot. Furthermore, as the
test compared the true mean difference of the two different ratings, it was important to realize
that the two samples were dependent, or paired. This is because the data were collected from the
sampling and random allocation of the samples were conducted accurately using R studio and the
random digit table. The randomness of the two groups was important because it got rid of
confounding variables such as gender and order that may have affected the conclusion of this
experiment. Because of this, the sampling distribution was definitely representative of the
population. Not only that, it was imperative that the subjects were blinded. If they had known
which type of food they were eating, their preconceived notions of each food may have impacted
their ratings, and thus the truthfulness of this test. This type of bias would have been very
harmful in this study. Double blinding wasnt necessary, however. It didnt matter whether the
experimenter knew what the subjects were eating first, because the results were based solely on
Anticipating the Patterns was also very necessary to carry out this experiment and to form
a conclusion. Before performing the two sample hypothesis mean, it was anticipated that more
people would believe that organic foods taste better than conventional foods, and that there
would be a significant mean difference in the two ratings. It was important to consider such
hypothesis, as the whole point of two sample t tests is to test a hypothesis and either reject or fail
to reject the null hypothesis. After all, the test that was perfectly performed was crucial in finding
And lastly, Statistical Inferences were made in order to highlight my conclusion of this
project. A two sample dependent t test was run, with the parameter being d= true mean
difference of ratings of organic strawberries and non-organic strawberries given by the seniors
0.5, the p value of 1.143e-05 was less than alpha, which meant that the null hypothesis was
Conclusion
Does the fact that a food is organic affect the taste so much so that there is a noticeable
difference? LASA seniors surely believe so. In performing the two sample t test, it was revealed
that there is evidence that there is a difference in the true mean rating of organic strawberries and
normal strawberries. Mr. Benbrooke of Washington State University was right: organic foods
One way this experiment could be improved is if the rating system was better. The ratings
were difficult to put into context, as the subjects could only rate the strawberries in relation to the
other one. In other words, what they tasted first determined how they rated the other two, based
on if they were better or worse than the first. They werent allowed to change their answers after
the fact. Maybe it would have been better if they had the option to go back and change the
ratings. In addition, because of the five scaled ratings, the normal quantile plot didnt show
linearity. Other than these two, this experiment was all in all successful. There were no other
Thus, the mystery is solved. Organic foods really are worth it: the seemingly high cost
offers not only health benefits, but also quality taste as well. It doesnt seem like the high
10
Works Cited
Albright, Mary Beth. "Organic Foods Are Tastier and Healthier, Study Finds." The Plate.
<http://theplate.nationalgeographic.com/2014/07/14/organic-foods-are-tastier-and-health
ier-study-finds/>.
Rogerson, Lydia Renee, Keaton Jay Hansen Goodwin, Ethan Kekoa MacAuley, Michael Xu,
Kendall Rae Brice, Tatum Brown, Matthew Erwin Prinz, Andrew Hyunjoong Kim,
Harrison Kuczaj, Roxanne Delphi Bonafont, Eliza Jane Fisher, Antonio Lopez Garcia,
Aidan Janette Henderson, Saskia Pilar Holman, Bridget Ashe Kelly, Abe Huerta Olmos,
and Kaitlin Elizabeth Polgar. "Stats Project." In-person interview. 16 May 2017.
11
http://eunicestats.weebly.com/
OrganicFoods:DoTheyMake
aDifferenceontheTaste?
RevisedInquiryPitch
Eunice Kim
AP Statistics 3A
12 April 2017
12
Introduction
Nowadays, people are obsessed with being healthy. They believe that the fresh, organic
quality and artificial-free additive foods are worth their expensive price. With their health and
fitness in mind, they easily prioritize the natural growth process of their meals over the taste and
flavor. But for me, food is meant to be enjoyed, chosen and bought for its exquisite taste. What is
the point of eating things and paying good money for them when you wont enjoy them to the
fullest extent? With the multiplication of organic food markets all around cities, especially
Austin, such as Trader Joes, Whole Foods, Central Market, Costco and Farmers Markets, more
and more people are beginning to be drawn to healthier lifestyles. It is known that around eight
in ten households currently purchase at least some organic products. Keeping this in mind, in a
study comparing more than 100 product pairings of organic and regular goods, organic products
were 47% more expensive. In zucchinis, organic ones were 303% more expensive than their
non-organic counterparts. Through this and countless other juxtapositions, there has been
evidence that organic goods are likely to be more costly and valuable. However, has the question
of whether or not these investments to peoples health jeopardize their happiness been answered?
Do organic foods taste good as much as they are healthy? Do they make a difference on the
taste?
Body Paragraphs
matched pairs design. I would have each experimental unit try both treatments of tasting organic
foods and its non-organic counterpart. In short, I would have my samples perform a taste test.
They will all be blindfolded, or course, so that the samples couldnt tell which food was which.
13
Half of my sample will try the organic food first, while the other half will try the non-organic
food first. This will be randomly allocated, of course, in order to reduce any bias that could come
out of this. Each person will rate the tastefulness of the food on a scale of 1 to 5, 1 being terrible,
or odd to the taste, 2 being mediocre a, 3 being average tasting, 4 being tasty, and 5 being the
best theyve ever had. After I collect the data from each person, I will then compare the
difference between their organic and non-organic foods for each person.
data to one another, such as hypothesis tests. To support this, I will draw graphs in order to prove
that the conditions were satisfied and to back up the tests I will be using.
Sampling and Experimentation. I will be using a matched pairs design to collect my data. My
statistical experiments that I have learned from this course, I will be able to Anticipate the
Patterns in my experiment. I will randomly allocate the order of the treatments to each subject. I
will also randomly select my sample by using simple random sampling of my population.
conclusion of this project. I will be making my own hypothesis and predictions of my question,
My population will be the entirety of the LASA senior community. Since there are 247 seniors at
LASA, my sample size will be 20, because of the 10% rule. Using the sample() code, I will
14
randomly select my sample pool. Or an alternate option of random sampling would be to use a
I will use the two sample hypothesis mean dependent test. The null hypothesis would be
that the true mean difference of ratings of organic foods and the ratings of normal foods given by
the students is equal to zero, and the alternate hypothesis would be that it is not equal to zero.
This would answer my question of whether or not people actually do believe that organic foods
Conclusion
My experiment will provide evidence or no evidence that people actually do believe that
organic foods benefit people in terms of both health and appetite, with their expensive price. I
will randomly allocate my subjects in a matched paired design, with the individuals doing both
treatments. Then, I will compare the ratings of the two. After my data is collected, I will run a
two sample hypothesis mean.. With that, I will be able to conclude if what they say is true:
organic foods do taste better, and thus is worth the costly price.
The only issue I had with this experiment was if I should have my subjects rate the
tastefulness from 1-5 or have them rank the foods from 1st place to 2nd place, 1st place being it
tasted better than the other. Would it make a difference, because in my chi squared test, my
variables depend just on the number of people who thought organic foods were better.
Sources
"Cost of Organic Food - Consumer Reports." Cost of Organic Food - Consumer Reports.
<http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/news/2015/03/cost-of-organic-food/index.htm>.
15
"FAQ." Organic Agriculture: Why Is Organic Food More Expensive than Conventional Food?
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2017. Web. 12 Apr. 2017.
<http://www.fao.org/organicag/oa-faq/oa-faq5/en/>.
OrganicFoods:DoTheyMake
aDifferenceontheTaste?
InquiryPitch
Eunice Kim
AP Statistics 3A
12 April 2017
16
Introduction
Nowadays, people are obsessed with being healthy. They believe that the fresh, organic
quality and artificial-free additive foods are worth their expensive price. With their health and
fitness in mind, they easily prioritize the natural growth process of their meals over the taste and
flavor. But for me, food is meant to be enjoyed, chosen and bought for its exquisite taste. What is
the point of eating things and paying good money for them when you wont enjoy them to the
fullest extent? With the multiplication of organic food markets all around cities, especially
Austin, such as Trader Joes, Whole Foods, Central Market, Costco and Farmers Markets, more
and more people are beginning to be drawn to healthier lifestyles. It is known that around eight
in ten households currently purchase at least some organic products. Keeping this in mind, in a
study comparing more than 100 product pairings of organic and regular goods, organic products
were 47% more expensive. In zucchinis, organic ones were 303% more expensive than their
non-organic counterparts. Through this and countless other juxtapositions, there has been
evidence that organic goods are likely to be more costly and valuable. However, has the question
of whether or not these investments to peoples health jeopardize their happiness been answered?
Do organic foods taste good as much as they are healthy? Is there really a difference? Is the price
Body Paragraphs
matched pairs design. I would have each experimental unit try both treatments of tasting organic
foods and its non-organic counterpart. In short, I would have my samples perform a taste test.
They will all be blindfolded, or course. Half of my sample will try the organic food first, while
17
the other half will try the non-organic food first. This will be randomly allocated, of course, in
order to reduce any bias that could come out of this. Each person will rate the tastefulness of the
food on a scale of 1 to 5, 1 being bad and 5 being good. After I collect the data from each person,
I will then compare the difference between their organic and non-organic foods for each person.
Sampling and Experimentation. I will be using a matched pairs design to collect my data. My
statistical experiments that I have learned from this course, I will be able to Anticipate the
Patterns in my experiment. I will randomly allocate the order of the treatments to each subject. I
will also randomly select my sample by using simple random sampling of my population.
conclusion of this project. I will be making my own hypothesis and predictions of my question,
My population will be the entirety of the LASA community, from the freshmen to the seniors.
Using the sample() code, I will randomly select my sample pool. Or an alternate option of
random sampling would be to use a random digit table. It would be easier to use R, however.
I will probably use the chi squared goodness of fit test. The null hypothesis would be that
the distribution of observed number of people who rated organic foods better would be the same
18
as the distribution of expected number of people who rated organic foods better, and the alternate
hypothesis would be the opposite. This would answer my question of whether or not people
Conclusion
My experiment will prove once and for all if people actually do believe that organic
foods benefit people in terms of both health and appetite, with their expensive price. I will
randomly allocate my subjects in a matched paired design, with the individuals doing both
treatments. Then, I will compare the ratings of the two. After my data is collected, I will run a
Chi-Squared goodness of fit test. I will compare the observed number of people who believes
that organic foods taste better and the expected number as well. With that, I will be able to
conclude if what they say is true: organic foods do taste better, and thus is worth the costly price.
The only issue I had with this experiment was if I should have my subjects rate the
tastefulness from 1-5 or have them rank the foods from 1st place to 2nd place, 1st place being it
tasted better than the other. Would it make a difference, because in my chi squared test, my
variables depend just on the number of people who thought organic foods were better.
Sources
"Cost of Organic Food - Consumer Reports." Cost of Organic Food - Consumer Reports.
<http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/news/2015/03/cost-of-organic-food/index.htm>.
"FAQ." Organic Agriculture: Why Is Organic Food More Expensive than Conventional Food?
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2017. Web. 12 Apr. 2017.
<http://www.fao.org/organicag/oa-faq/oa-faq5/en/>.
19
OrganicvsNormalStrawberries
DoOrganicFoodsReallyTasteBetter?
Abstract
The growing popularity of organic grocery stores and foods all around the country raises an important
question: are organic foods really worth it? According to a study conducted by Charles Benbrook of
Washington State University, organic foods were found to be tastier and healthier, with miraculous
quality. This report analyzes whether the LASA senior community supports this claim that organic foods
taste better than the conventional foods. The results of this experiment provided evidence that the there
was a significant mean difference in the ratings of organic foods and non-organic foods.
20
Table of Contents
1 Introduction .... 3
2 Hypothesis .......... 3
4 Conclusion ...... 9
6 Appendix A ............ 11
7 Appendix B ........ 12
8 Appendix C ......... 13
9 Appendix D ........ 14
21
Introduction
Nowadays, people are obsessed with being healthy. They believe that the fresh, organic
quality and artificial-free additive foods are worth their expensive price. With their health and
fitness in mind, they easily prioritize the natural growth process of their meals over the taste and
flavor. But for me, food is meant to be enjoyed, chosen and bought for its exquisite taste. What is
the point of eating things and paying good money for them when you wont enjoy them to the
fullest extent? With the multiplication of organic food markets all around cities, especially
Austin, such as Trader Joes, Whole Foods, Central Market, Costco and Farmers Markets, more
and more people are beginning to be drawn to healthier lifestyles. It is known that around eight
in ten households currently purchase at least some organic products. Keeping this in mind, in a
study comparing more than 100 product pairings of organic and regular goods, organic products
were 47% more expensive. In zucchinis, organic ones were 303% more expensive than their
non-organic counterparts. Through this particular study and countless other juxtapositions, there
is ample evidence that organic goods are likely to be costly and more valuable. However, has the
question of whether or not these investments in peoples health jeopardize their happiness been
answered? Is there really a significant difference on the taste between organic foods and
processed foods?
Hypothesis
The population of the sample is the LASA senior class. The sample in this experiment
was divided into two groups: the first ten being students who tasted organic strawberries first,
22
and the last ten being students who tasted the normal strawberries first. Sample members were
randomly selected by R studio and randomly assigned to one of these two groups.
A two sample mean hypothesis test was performed in order to compare the mean ratings
of the two different strawberries. The null hypothesis claims that the true mean difference of
ratings of organic foods and the ratings of normal foods given by the students is equal to zero,
while the alternative hypothesis states that it is not equal to zero. This test would be comparing
the two dependent samples, as the two strawberries were given to the same people. It is expected
to show a significance in the mean difference in ratings of organic foods and normal foods. That
is, it is expected that the test will reject the null hypothesis, to find evidence that the true mean
difference of ratings of organic foods and the ratings of normal foods given by the students is not
equal to zero.
Body Paragraphs
The population is the LASA senior community. There are 247 seniors at this school in
total, and in order to meet the 10% rule, the sample size for this experiment came to be 20
students. Living in Austin, with much access to social media, teens today are easily persuaded by
the many voices of the internet. Also known as the bandwagon effect, many believe that
millennials are too easily guided by their peers, saying that these kids believe in particular things
because the majority of other people do, regardless of their own opinions. This goes hand in hand
with whether or not people truly believe that organic foods taste better or if they are just echoing
the opinions of others. Especially with the booming of social media, students are exposed to the
influences of so many people. Do LASA seniors, an important group that represents the teens of
Austin, truly see a difference between the two strawberries as they say?
23
The sampling distribution of 20 students was determined using the sample() code in R.
Then, using the random digit table, the two groups were able to be randomly allocated. The first
group was to taste the organic strawberries first, while the second group was to taste the
non-organic ones first. This would make sure that the groups were randomly allocated in order to
reduce any bias that could come out of the order in which the foods were tasted. In addition, they
were all blindfolded, or course, so that they wouldnt be able to tell which food was which based
on its appearance and shape. They were also blinded, so that the samples wouldnt intentionally
rate the organic food better or vise versa. Each person rated the tastefulness of the first food on a
scale of 1 to 5, 1 being terrible, or odd to the taste, 2 being mediocre , 3 being average tasting, 4
being tasty, and 5 being the best theyve ever had. Then, after rinsing their mouths with water,
they repeated the process, with the second type of strawberries. Finally, after collecting the data,
The sample was a good representation of the LASA population because the sample ()
code in R made sure that random sampling was occurring. Also, the random allocation of the
students into two groups made sure that the order in which the foods were tasted wasnt a
confounding variable. In addition, because 247 is greater than 20(10), the sample size passes the
10% rule, assuming that there are more than 200 students in the LASA class. Because of this, it
can be assumed that the sampling distribution can be approximated by a normal distribution.
students out of 247 seniors. Random allocation, however, was done a little differently. Using the
random digit table, the first ten students were chosen to taste the organic strawberry first, while
24
the remaining ten were to taste the non-organic strawberry first. A two digit number between 01
and 20 were used, excluding 21 to 99 and 00. Duplicates were excluded and I stopped after
Before starting with the conditions, the parameter needed to be defined: d= true mean
difference of ratings of organic strawberries and non-organic strawberries given by the seniors.
Ho: d =
0
HA: d =/ 0
Furthermore, these are the conditions that need to be satisfied before continuing on with
the calculations. First of all, SRS is given, with the random allocation and random sampling of
the 20 students. Second, Nd 10(20) assuming that there are more than 200 seniors at LASA
High School currently. Third, is unknown, so t had to be used instead of z. Fourth, the samples
are paired, or dependent, as the two means were given by the same samples. And lastly, because
the normal quantile plots departs from linearity, the data may not be normally distributed.
Results may be subject to question, however, I shall proceed with the calculations.
25
The t.test function in R calculated the t value to be 5.7109 and the df = 21. In addition,
the p value came out to be p(t>5.7109)*2=1.143e-05. Since the p value is < , which is 0.05, we
will reject the claim that the true mean difference of ratings of organic foods and the ratings of
normal foods given by the students is equal to zero. Thus, there is evidence to support the claim
that there is a significant mean difference in the ratings of organic strawberries and the ratings of
non-organic strawberries of LASA seniors. A significance level of 0.05 was necessary because it
Exploration of Data was a big part of this project. First of all, it wasnt a surprise that the
normal quantile plot wasnt linear. Since my data was based on ratings from 1 to 5, there was
bound to be some overlaps on the answers, and on the differences between the two ratings. There
wasnt much variability in the numbers to show a linear pattern in the plot. Furthermore, as the
test compared the true mean difference of the two different ratings, it was important to realize
26
that the two samples were dependent, or paired. This is because the data were collected from the
sampling and random allocation of the samples were conducted accurately using R studio and the
random digit table. The randomness of the two groups was important because it got rid of
confounding variables such as gender and order that may have affected the conclusion of this
experiment. Because of this, the sampling distribution was definitely representative of the
population. Not only that, it was imperative that the subjects were blinded. If they had known
which type of food they were eating, their preconceived notions of each food may have impacted
their ratings, and thus the truthfulness of this test. This type of bias would have been very
harmful in this study. Double blinding wasnt necessary, however. It didnt matter whether the
experimenter knew what the subjects were eating first, because the results were based solely on
Anticipating the Patterns was also very necessary to carry out this experiment and to form
a conclusion. Before performing the two sample hypothesis mean, it was anticipated that more
people would believe that organic foods taste better than conventional foods, and that there
would be a significant mean difference in the two ratings. It was important to consider such
hypothesis, as the whole point of two sample t tests is to test a hypothesis and either reject or fail
to reject the null hypothesis. After all, the test that was perfectly performed was crucial in finding
And lastly, Statistical Inferences were made in order to highlight my conclusion of this
project. A two sample dependent t test was run, with the parameter being d= true mean
27
difference of ratings of organic strawberries and non-organic strawberries given by the seniors
0.5, the p value of 1.143e-05 was less than alpha, which meant that the null hypothesis was
Conclusion
Does the fact that a food is organic affect the taste so much so that there is a noticeable
difference? LASA seniors surely believe so. In performing the two sample t test, it was revealed
that there is evidence that there is a difference in the true mean rating of organic strawberries and
normal strawberries. Mr. Benbrooke of Washington State University was right: organic foods
One way this experiment could be improved is if the rating system was better. The ratings
were difficult to put into context, as the subjects could only rate the strawberries in relation to the
other one. In other words, what they tasted first determined how they rated the other two, based
on if they were better or worse than the first. They werent allowed to change their answers after
the fact. Maybe it would have been better if they had the option to go back and change the
ratings. In addition, because of the five scaled ratings, the normal quantile plot didnt show
linearity. Other than these two, this experiment was all in all successful. There were no other
Thus, the mystery is solved. Organic foods really are worth it: the seemingly high cost
offers not only health benefits, but also quality taste as well. It doesnt seem like the high
28
Works Cited
Albright, Mary Beth. "Organic Foods Are Tastier and Healthier, Study Finds." The Plate.
<http://theplate.nationalgeographic.com/2014/07/14/organic-foods-are-tastier-and-health
ier-study-finds/>.
Rogerson, Lydia Renee, Keaton Jay Hansen Goodwin, Ethan Kekoa MacAuley, Michael Xu,
Kendall Rae Brice, Tatum Brown, Matthew Erwin Prinz, Andrew Hyunjoong Kim,
Harrison Kuczaj, Roxanne Delphi Bonafont, Eliza Jane Fisher, Antonio Lopez Garcia,
Aidan Janette Henderson, Saskia Pilar Holman, Bridget Ashe Kelly, Abe Huerta Olmos,
and Kaitlin Elizabeth Polgar. "Stats Project." In-person interview. 16 May 2017.
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30
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Appendix F
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> sample(LASA.roster$V1,20)
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datax=TRUE)
Paired t-test
0.7890311 1.6927871
sample estimates:
34
1.240909
Appendix G
06 Tatum Brown
14 Devon L Nelms
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19 Michael Xu
36