MS160200297

Naveed Ahmed
MS BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

Knowledge creation theories

Following concepts, models and ideas have been given in Ikujiro Nonaka
article and requisted theories.
Organizational knowledge creation is simply mean to say that any piece of
information and knowledge which comes from the solution of problems as a
result of crisis to the organization that is documented.
The management of the organizational knowledge creation comprises of
following basic ideas, models, views and concepts with their significance
that are given below.

1. Spiral Model
Spiral model play a pivotal role just to explain the relationship between
the epistemological and ontological knowledge which give the basic
difference of knowledge and information and conversion of information
into knowledge on the behalf of uni or bi dimensions. So in this way
spiral model elaborates the mental and mechanistic model.
2. Mental Model
This model is totally based on tacit knowledge which comprises of
cognitive and technical element. This model includes beliefs,
paradigms, ideas and thoughts which give a perspective that help the
individuals to define their own world.so on the basis of cognitive
knowledge firms work properly.
3. Mechanistic information Model
This is the most important model which hypothesizes that mind is a
device with fixed capacity which converts the meaningless information
into the meaningful perception. This meaningful knowledge helps to
run the organization with effective policies.
4. ACT Model
According to this model knowledge has been divided into two types
declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge.in essence it
hypothesized that declarative knowledge is always transformed into
the procedural knowledge.
5. Metaphor model
Metaphor model play a vital role in the conversion of tacit knowledge
into the explicit knowledge through the efficient means of analogy and
metaphor.
 6. Middle-up-down-management model
In this model all managerial levels work together and top level
management provides vision for direction along with the deadline
through which the vision is realized. in other words, top managers work
for the fullfillness dreams of firm and lower managers look at the
reality.
7. Top down model
Top managers generate basic managerial ideas then implemented to
the lower management just to achieve the goals of the organization.
Much more firms are working under this model.
8. Bottom up Model
In this model, management in the organization work as a tree in which,
from lower level management information is collected and then
transferred to the upper level management. When the information
reaches to the peak it becomes very simple. And top managers work
as the sponsors for the individual employers.
9. Hypertext Model
Hypertext is a basic concept of computer science in which a lot of data
is given to the user for the search option just like it, knowledge
creating organization always requires strategic ability to create,
produce, exploit and collect the new knowledge constantly and
repeatedly.
Hypertext organization act a context of knowledge and the
environmentally situations interior and exterior side of organization.
Hypertext organization comprised of three layers
1st layer the knowledge base (bottom)
2nd business system (middle)
3rd Project team (Top)
The process of organizational knowledge is always processed in cycle.
(At top) The project team is engaged in knowledge creating activities
after that (at bottom) inventory of knowledge is created and at the end
(middle layer) this knowledge is applied to the business system of the
organization.
10. Dialectic Process
New limitations are formed between agents as well as agent and
structure through the dialectic process which is under process in much
more industries and firms.
11. SECI Idea
This concept helps that tacit as well as explicit facts effort as
dialectically due to inherit contrast between theory and routine.
The conceptualization of information construction as a dialectic procedure is
an interchange away from the static notions which extravagance companies
as information processing machine.
In simple words, firm effectiveness be contingent on its interior assets as well
as its marketplace positioning.