Chapter-2 Differentiation

DIFFERENTIATION c
Name of Mathematician Notation used for Derivative
Leibniz dy df
or
dx dx
Newton
/(*)
Lagrange
f\x)
Cauchy Df(x)

If y-f (x) ,the derivative of with respect to a: is defined as;

(i) . ^Ulim
dx /,->0 h

(ii) . /(*) = lim

(Hi). /'(0) = lim/(x)~/(fl)

x-a
The process of taking derivative is called differentiation.
General Rules of Differentiation
d
0). (c) = 0, where c is a constant ., *
dx
d
(ii).
dx
d
(iii).
dx
d
(iv). [xn) = nxn
dx
d n -1
(v). (<*")= cm
dx
d / , , , x du dv dw
(vi). (mv>v-"1 = +
dx dx dx dx
(vii). Cf(x).g(x)) = f'(x).g(x) + /(x).g'(x) (The product rule).
i
(viii). d /(*) =f J (the quotient rule)
dx s(x) (g(*)) 2
dy
(ix). (the chain rule)
dx du dx
(X).
d 1 /'(*) (reciprocal rule)
dx f ( x ) .

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Chapter-2 Differentiation

Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions

(i). sinx = cosx
dx
.... d
(iij. cosx = -sinx
dx
(iii) . tanx = sec2x
dx
(iv) . cotx = -cosec'x
dx
,,d
(v) . cos ecx - - cos ecx cot x
dx
,d
(vi) . sec x = sec x tan x
dx

Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

d
(i) . -sin- x y = .[xe(-U)]
dx Vl

(ii) . cos 1 x = .1 xe (-ui)l

dx

(iii) . tan'x = ixell

dx 1+x2 1 J
(iv) . cor'x =4,[xell
dx 1 + x"
i.d -1
x e [-1,1]
dx Wx2 -1
d
(vi). sec 'x = xe [-1.1]
dx c\lx2 -1

Derivatives of Hyperbolic Functions

d_
(i) . sinhx = coshx
dx
d_
(ii) . coshx = sinhx
dx
d_
(iii) . tanhx = sech2 x
dx
(iv). cothx = - cos ech2x
dx
(v). cosechx^-cothxcosecAr
dx
(vi). sec h x = - tanh xsechx
dx

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Chapter-2 Differentiation

Derivatives of Inverse Hyperbolic Functions

d| 1 C
(i) . sinl~fx = ------------ ,xeK
dx >/i77

(ii) . cosh 1 x = 7=i=,x > 1

dx r

(iii) . tanh' 1 x = ,|a-| <

dx 1-x
(iv) . coth x = -,x>
dx 1-x" 1 1

(v). sech * 1 x = , ,0<x<

dx c\l 1 -.
(vi). cosech'x--------------. . ,xeiR-{0}
dx |x| v 1 -t- xc2

Derivatives of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

(') e x = e x
dx
(ii). e f ( x ) = e f ( x ) . f ' ( x )
dx W

(iii) . a = a \na
dx
(iv) . a/(jc) = a/(jr) lna./'(x)
dx W

d
(v). lnx =
dx x
/ d . 1
(Vl). logux =
dx xlna
(vii). ln/(x) = 7-7-./'(x)
dx V /(x) v 1
Higher Derivatives
The second, third and higher derivatives are defined as follows;
d _f d y ) d L y
(i). Second derivative= = f"(x)~ y" = D2y
dx\dxj dx~
( ,2 \
d y cfy
(ii). Third derivative = = fm{x) - y - D3y
dx V dx2 J dx1

(iii). n" derivative =

d x V dx"~' j

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Chapter-2 Differentiation

Series Expansions of Functions

1. If/is defined interval containing a and its derivatives of all orders exists at x = a,
then, Taylor series expansion of a function f(x)atx=a is

f(x) = f(a) + (x-a)f'(a) +

, ( * - a f f m(a), (* ~ a ) A /(4) (a), , (x - a Y f [ n ) (q),

3! 4! n\

Or

f(n]{a)(x-a)'
/( x )=Z n\

2. If / is defined in the interval containing 0 and its derivatives exists at x = 0 then,

Maciaurin Series expansion of a function is

A x ) = m + ^ ( o h sm + x >m
2! + x
<sM + ... + jm x . + ...or
3! 4!

f M=Z x
11=0 n\

Some Important Maciaurin Series Expansions:

Function Maciaurin series

sinx X3 X5 X7
X------- 1----------(-
3! 5! 7!
Cosx 1X
2
X
4
X
6

~'2\+T\~~6\+"
Tanx X3 2x5 17x7
X + +-------+------- +
3 15 315
ex X2 X3 X4
1 + X H--- 1---- 1---- h
2! 3! 4!
ax x2 (lna)" x3 (lna)
1 + x In a + ---- + -------- +
2! 3!

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Chapter-2 Differentiation

Applications of Derivatives
1. Geometrical Meaning of
If y-f (x) then denotes the slope of the tangent to
dy dx
dx the given curve at any point (x,^).
2. Equation of Tangent to ( < f y \ \
(
y-yx = (*-*,)
y- f { x ) at (x,,y,)
3. Equation of Normal to
y - f { x ) at (w,) y y'=(dy] ( X *')
V d* J(x, ,y x )

4. Increasing Function (a) Let a function / (x) is defined in the interval

(a,/>),then /(x) is said to be increasing if
Vx,,x, e ( a , b ) , x ] >x2 =>/(x,) >/(x2)
(b) If /'(x) > OVx e ( a , b )
5. Decreasing Function (a) Let a function / (x) is defined in the interval
(a, b ) , then f (x) is said to be decreasing if
Vx,,x2 e ( a , b ) , x x > x 2 =>/(x,) </(x2)
(b) /'(x) < OVx e ( a , b )
6. Extreme Values Let f be a differentiable function in a neighborhood of c
Or where /'(c) = 0 ,then
Maximum Values and
1. f has relative maxima at c if /'(c) <0.
Minimum Values
Or 2. f has relative minima at c if /' (c) > 0.
Maxima and Minima Note: Evaluate / at all critical points and endpoints.

7. Critical Point The point c where f ( c ) = 0 or undefined is called

8. Point of Inflexion
9. Differentials
10. Stationary point
critical point.
The point c where /'(c) = 0 is called point of inflexion.
Let y = f (x) is a differentiable function then
d y = /'(x)cc is called differential of the function.
Any point where f is neither increasing nor decreasing
but /'(c) = 0 is called stationary point

* The only domain points where extreme values exist are critical or end points.
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Chapter-2 Differentiation

PRACTICE EXERCISE

CD cosx = ?
dx
(a) -sinx (b) x sinx0
(c) -^-sinx sinx
180
(2) If (3x3 + x) = f-3x2 -5) ,thenx=?
dxV dxV
(a) 1 or 2 (b)

(c) 1 or (d) 1 or 0

(3) Iff(y) = by3 then which of the following is true

(0 ~ f { y ) = ^ y (ii) ~ f { y ) = 3 b y 2
dx dx
W)j-f(y) = 2y1
(a) I only (b) 11 only
(c) I & II only (d) none
(4) The point at which the curve y = x 24x+3 has gradient -2 is?
(a) (0,1) (b) (1,0)
(c) (2,1) (d) (-3, 2)
(5) The deceleration of a point, when it is momentarily at rest, which is moving along a
straight line with a velocity 16-t is
(a) 4m/sec2 (b) 6m/s2
(c) 2m/sec 2 (d) 8m/sec2
2 1 dry
(6) If v = then v +-------- r = 7
x 2 dx2
, 2+x .. . 2 + 2x
(a) (b)
X X
2(l + x2) x3-l
(C) <d>
X 2
(7) Differentiating x w.r.t, x , we get
(a) 5xv (b)-X

() \x1 (d) 3x6

(8) re-- =?
dx
(a) e2x (b)

(c) ee

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Chapter-2 Differentiation

(9) Derivative of Ine w.r.t x is

(a) 3x2 (b) 3e'

(C-A (d)~
3e

(10 ) (c) = ? where 'c' is a constant

dx
(a) 2c* (b) c*
(c)0 (d) co
26/
(H) = ? If x= V .........., v = -
c/x 2c// 1+/ 2
c/(/2 -l)
(a) (b)
26/ 2 at
2c//
(O-j 2 (d) none
/ (/-l)
dy
(12) If x4 + v4 c/ 4 then = ?
dx
(y\i
(a) (b)
VXy

fXV4
(C) (d)
\yj V

(13) Given S = 980t - 490t~ ,the velocity at the instant t = V: is

(a) 490cw (b) A90cm/sec
(c) -\90cm/sec (d) 49cm/sec
(14) If x = a cos40,y = bsiri46 then

(a) a - -6 tan2 0 (b) a--6tan2 0 = 0

dx dx

(0*. " (d) none

dx 6 tan 0
d
(15) In(lnx) = ?
~dx
(a) - (b)-p-
X xlna
,x
(c) (d)
7
xlnx lnx
(16) Sy = ? If y=3x2+5x-2, x = 1, c/x = - 0.5
(a) 13.92 (b) -4.75
(c) 13.21 (d) 11.76

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Chapter-2 Differentiation

(17) Ify = 7x6+3x4-5x3 +2. then which one i ; true

(a )y5 = 0 (b) >6 = 0
(c)j7= 0 (d)y4 = 0
(18) Ify = vw then which is false
(a)_y/ =vm>i+viw (b)_y2 = VW2+2-W1V1+V2W
(C) y3=VW3+3\2W 1+V3W (d) y4=VW4+4viW3+6V2W2+4V3Wl+V4W
(19) Ify =e20x thenjV?
(a) 16000 e20x (b) 160000e2x
(c) 1600000e2x (d) 16000000e2x
(20) If y = cosax thenys =?
(a) o8 cos (ox+ 4^-) (b) o8 cos (ox+ 2^)
(c) a cos (ox + 5;r) (d) o8 cos (ox+ 3^)
(21) The minimum value of the function^ x3-3x2 is
(a )y(l) = -13 (b )y(2) = -4
(c) y(2) = 4 (d) y(3) = 0
(22) o'=?
dx
(a) lno (b) xlno
(c) ax In a (d) olnx
(23) d y4*-3_<-)
dx
4x-3
(a) (b) 4xln7
In 7
(c) (4x-3)ln7 (d) 4.74 *~ 3 In 7
d_
(24) -sec 2x = ?
dx
(a) 2 ,sec2x.tan2x (b) 2.sec2x.tan2x
(c) 2.secx.tanx (d) sec2x.tan2x
(25) cos (cos (cos x)) = ?

(a) -sin[cos(cosx)].sin(cosx) (b) -cos[sin(sinx)] .sin(sinx)

(c) ~sin[cos(cosx)].sin(cosx).sinx (d )sin[cos(cosx)]. cos(cosx)
(26) If = tan 1 , then = ?
x y dx
x
(a) (b) Z
y x
(c) xy (d)
xy

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Chapter-2 Differentiation

(27) cos 1 3x = ?
dx
(b)
<a> 777 \l\-9x2
-3
(c)~r= (d)
7l-9x2 71 9x2-

(28) d1o
dx cos" 1 x
(b)
<a) (cos-'x)! (cos ' x)
-1
w7 -7 T* r=f (d)
(cos ' x) 71 - X2
(29) In case of strictly decreasing functions, the derivative is
(a) Positive (b) negative
(c) zero (d) either negative or zero
(30) The derivative of an even function is always
(a) Odd function (b) even function
(c) does not exist (d) both a & b
(31) Ify - Inx, then y4 =?

(a) 7 (b) 4
x x

(c)4X (d)4-
x
(32) Ify = tan (plan 'x) then (1+xdyi
(a) (1+y2) (b) (1-y2)
1
(c) (d )P(l+y2)
p(i+r)
d~y' 2 , 2 2
(33) V rorx + y - a is
dx 2

-a"
(a) (b)
y y
3
,,a y_
(d)
7 a2

(34) lnxx=?
dx
(a) Inx + 1 (b) (Inxf
(c) /.Inx (d) x.ln(ex)

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Chapter-2 Differentiation

(35) -(In*)"" =?
dx
in In In x N
(a) (Inx) (b) (Inx)'' (l + In Inx)
X )
In v(In In x\
(c) (Inx) (d)none
V*
d
(36) cosh x = ?
dx
(a) sirthx (b) -sinhx
(c) sechx (d) none of these
d
(37) cosech x = ?
dx

(a) (b)-
xyj 1 + x x_
-1
(c) (d)
VI + x' x\J 1
d'y ndy
(38) If) - ex sinx, then = >
dx dx
(a) 1-x2 (b) 0
(c ) 2x (d) x+2
(39) The Maclaurin series expansion of ex is
, x2 x'
(a) I + x--------1-------- (b) x-
2 3
x' x
(c) 1 + X + + + (d) none of these
2! 3!
(40) The maximum value of the function f'(x) = sinx cosx is
'(a) 1 (b)2

(d) 0
(C) 2

(4i; If \fx + yj\> = 1 then slope of tangent to the curve at

n n .! is;
4 4J
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) -1 (d) i
2
(42) Equation of normal to the curve > =sinx at (^,0) is;
(a) x + > + 7r = 0 (b) x + ^-^r = 0
(c) x - y - n (d)x-v + /r = 0
(43) A rectangle is of perimeter 1 76m. What will be its maximum area?
(a) 1936/??2 (b)-1854m2
(c) 2110m2 (d) 1836m2

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Chapter-2 Differentiation

(44) A cylinder is contained in a sphere of radius r. What will be its height if its volume is
maximum/
r
(a) a (b) rV3

2r_
(c) (d) 2S r

jin
d y
(45) 777
(cosx)=?
dx
(a) cosx (b) sinx
(c) -sinx (d) cosx
x f(2)-7 f i x ) =?
(46) If f { 2 ) = 4 and /'(2) = 4 then lim---
x-2
(a) 2 (b) -2
(c) -4 (d) 3
'x + P
(47) If y = S e c Sin then ^ =?
VXI/ vX+l dx
(a) 1 (b) 0
x+l x -1
(c) (d)
x -1 X+1
f 0. x < 0
(48) Let f { x ) = \ , then for all x,
lx. x>0
(a) f ' ( x ) is differentiable (b)/is differentiable
(c) /' is contineous '(d) /'is continuous

(49) The point on the curve y =x. the tangent at which makes an angle of with x-axis is
4
11
(a) (b)
v2 4 J v2 2
11
(c) (2.4) (d)
,4 2 )
3
(50) /(x)= x -27 x +5 is increasing when
(a) x<-3 (b) |x| > 3

(c)| x < J (d) x>3

(51) If /(x) = ylx: -2x + l. on the interval [0,2],........................ then/(x) =?

(a) 1 (b)-1
(c) 0 x . (d) Does not exist

(52) Derivative of Sec' 2x2-1

w.r atx = is
2
(a) 4 (b) -4

(c) 0 (d) r

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Chapter-2 Differentiation

(53) y = |Cosx| is not differentiable for all x

. nn it
(a) x = (b) x = (2 + l)
2
(c) x - n n (d) none of these
(54) Minimum value of v/e -1 is......................
(a) 1 (b) -1
(c) 0 (d) 2
(55) If #(x) is inverse of/x' 1 and /'(x) = then g'(x) =?
1+x
(a) 1 + x2 (b) 1 + g(x)
(c) 1 + [g(x)] 2 (d) none of these
(56) If U is a variable V is a constant then (f/v) = ?
dux >
(a) U.VLM (b) V.Uv*
v-i
(c)U (d) V.U

(57) If y = \JSinx + \Jsinx + \ISinx +... + oo then (2y - l ) = ?

dx
(a) Sinx (b) Cosx
(c) Secx (d) Cosecx

(58) Sin Cos-------x = ?

dx 1 U JJ
/xn (b) Cosx
(a)I

(c) 1 (d) -Sinx

(59) If y = e]nsin x then - = ?
dx
(a) Cosx2 (b) x2Cosx
(c) 2xCosx 2 (d) Sinx2
(60) The point of inflexion on the curve a y= =(x-b) 3 is
2

(a) (a,0) (b) (b,0)

(c) (a,b) (d)(l,a)

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 V

Answer Key

ANSWER KEY

CHAPTER-2

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