BMSN2202 - Life Science II

(Physiology & Biochemistry)

Review

Calvin KF Lee
L7-49, Laboratory Bock, FOMB
Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Email: ckflee@hku.hk
Hormones in Menstrual cycle
 Oogenesis Spermatogenesis
Unequal cell division Equal cell division
Meiosis 1 functional Meiosis 4 functional
oocyte spermatozoa
Prolonged meiosis Uninterrupted meiosis
All the oogonia undergo Meiosis starts at
meiosis before birth puberty
Finite number of Some spermatogonia
oocytes undergo mitosis
unlimited number of
spermatocytes
Estrogens
Syncytiotrophoblast 2
4
From maternal adrenal 2
androgen 0
Mainly estriol (weak) but 16
large amount
Enlargement of uterus, 12

female external genitalia 8

Growth of breast ductal
structure 4
Relaxation and softening of
pelvic ligaments and pubis 0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
symphysis (with relaxin) Duration of
pregnancy
Textbook of Medical Physiology (Ed. A.C. Guyton)
Progesterone
Syncytiotrophoblast
oviductal & uterine secretion
decidual cell development 30
0
Maintains pregnancy
contractility of uterus 20
0
sensitivity to oxytocin
prostaglandin production
10
0
immune response to fetus
Stimulate endometrial 0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
vascularization Duration of
Prepare breasts for lactation pregnancy
Textbook of Medical Physiology (Ed. A.C. Guyton)
Initiation of labour
Increase in aromatase
activity -> E2 level
2
maternal oxytocin -> 4
2
control time of day that 0 300

labour will start 16

200
synthesis & release 12

1
of prostaglandins -> 8
0
uterine contraction 4 0
0
Mechanical stretch of 0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
the uterine muscle Duration of
Textbook of Medical Physiology (Ed. A.C. Guyton)
pregnancy
Common causes of infertility
Genetic factors
A Robertsonian translocation - recurrent spontaneous
abortions or complete infertility
General factors
Diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, adrenal disease
Hypothalamic-pituitary factors
Environmental factors
Toxins, chemical dusts, pesticides, tobacco smokers
are 60% more likely to be infertile than non-smokers
Female infertility problem
1. Oocyte/embryo quality
2. Hypothalamic cause of infertility
3. Pituitary cause of infertility
4. Ovarian Dysfunction
5. Tubal, uterine and cervical factors
6. Obesity
7. Other factors/Unexplained?
Male factor Infertility
1. Obstructive cause of male infertility
2. Vasectomy - related infertility
3. Coital problem
4. Disorders of ejaculation
5. Primary testicular disease
6. Endocrine Dysfunction
Summary of Infertility
 Revision: MCQ
MCQ for revision
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BMSN2202 - Life Science II (Physiology &
Biochemistry)