Staphylococcus Epidermitis:

1. Infects prosthetic joints

2. Infects Indwelling catheters of bladder
3. Most common cause of endocarditis of artificial heart valves
4. Produces biofilms
- Sticks to metal and plastics
- Helps avoid detection
- Resistant to many antibiotics
5. Treatment with vancomycin
6. In skin flora
7. Contaminates blood cultures
8. Novobiocin sensitive
Staphylococcus Saprophyticus
1. Novobiocin resistant
2. Causes infections specially in sexually active females
3. Causes UTI
4. Catalase positive
Both saprophyticus and epidermitis
- 5. Urease positive
- 6. Cogulase negative
Streptococcus Pyogenes (Group A)
1. Encapsulated
- 2. Made of Hyaluronic acid
3. Beta- hemolytic positive
4. Causes Impetigo: also aureus
- Skin infection
- Looks like honey-crust
5. Causes pharyngitis
6. Most common cause of Cellulitis and Erysipelas (more demarcated)
Causes Scarlett fever
- 7. Swelling of tongue
- 8. Pharyngitis
- 9. Wide-spread rash that spares the face
10. Toxic shock syndrome-like
- With super Ab
11. Necrotizing faciitis
- very rapid and serious
Subtypes
- Spe A and C: super antigen ( Scarlett and TSLS)
- 12 Spe B: protease: Nec. fasc
13. M- protein: highly antigenic protein at cell wall
Responsible for RF: type II
- 14. Interferes with opsonization: antiphagocytic
- 15. Mimics myocin (heart): heart valve problems: stenosis
- 16. Occurs only after Pharyngitis
- Jones syndrome
- 17. Joints: polyarthritis
- 18. Heart:
- Valvular damages leading to murmurs
- Myocarditis
- Pericarditis
- 19. Nodules: subcutaneous at forearms, elbows and knees
- 20. Erythema Marginatum
- 21. Sydenham's chorea: involuntary movement of the hands and
face
22. Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis: type III
- Deposition of immune complexes in glomerulus
- 23. Causes edema
- 24. Cola-colored urine
- 25. Occurs after two weeks of infection
- 26 Can occur after Pharyngitis or superficial infection impetigo
- 27. Early diagnostic won't prevent it: need for penicillin
28. Streptolysin-O: lysis RBCs
-29. We generate Ab against it
30. Streptokinase: plasminogen --> plasmin
- Fribrinolytic
31. DNAse
32. Strep pyogenes (Group A) is bacitracin sensitive
- Interferes with cell wall and peptidoglycan synthesis
33. Antistreptolysin o titer for detection
Streptococcus Agalactiae (group B)
1. Causes serious problems in newborns
2. Hippurate positive
3. Polysaccharide capsule
4. CAMP positive
- 11. Arrowhead zone hemolysis
5. Increased zone hemolysis when plated with Staph Aureus
6. Beta hemolysis positive
7. Bacitracin resistant
8. Nr 1 cause of meningitis in neonates
9. Causes Neonatal sepsis
10. Also causes pneumonia
12. Neonates get infected by Group B in delivery
13. Culture at 35 weeks of pregnancy
14. To avoid baby infection
- Intrapartum penicillin
Staphylococcus aureus
1. Violet: gram +
2. Catalase: +
3. Coagulase: +
4. Beta hemolysis: +
5. Ferments mannitol: yellow
6. Protein A
- Binds FC region of Ab to avoid
complement activation
7. Colonizes nares of nose
8. Causes Pneumonia
- 9. Patchy infiltrate on X-ray
- 10. Post-viral bacterial pneumonia
11. Most common cause of septic
arthritis
12. They causes abscesses
13. Acute bacterial endocarditis
- Rapid onset
- 14. In IV drug users
- 15. Usually at tricuspid valve
16. Most common cause
of osteomyelitis
17. Scalded Skin syndrome: skin
peals of
- By protease
18. Toxic Shock Syndrome
- Acts as super antigen
19. Food poisoning
- preformed toxins
- Rapid: 1-8 h
- 20. From meat and cream-
base food
21. MRSA: Methylin Resistant St
- 22. By modifying its penicillin
binding proteins (PBP)
22. Treatment by Vancomycin
- 23. Or Nafcillin