Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Grammarway 4 C1 Answers 2 de 2
Grammarway 4 C1 Answers 2 de 2
11 y
Rat
Conditionals - Wishes - Had Better/Would Rather^ Past
O R A jL
Rev)sion Box A c t iv it y
Answ er the q uestions below using I wish then
ju s tify your answ er using the co rrect cond itio na l type,
as in the example.
j ^ Turn the following sentences into reported
J sp e e c h . 1 Whjch CQuntry jn the
. .ia /u u u o- u I w orld w ould you m ost
1 Why are you in such a hurry? she asked me.
...She aeked me why I wae in euch a hurry,... . . , , . . . ..
e.g. I wish I c o u ld visit
2 I met som e friends in town, Brian said, (up-to-date , u ,
^ India. If I ever visited
reporting) /nd/a, I w ould visit the
.................................................................................................... Taj Mahal.
3 W here did you go last n ig h t? he asked her.
sm
7 We d idn't go out. We asked for a pizza to be delivered. 6 W hat do you regret
.................................................................................................... having done?
8 Frank asked the shop assistant to w rap the gift for him. e g- I wish I h a d n 't...
159
Revision 3 (Units 1 - 9)
19 The boys a d m itte d ...............the window.
1 Choose the correct answer. A sm ash B to smash C sm ashing
3 Y o u ..............report the burglary to the police. 22 N othing will stop her f r o m ..............out.
A ca n t B m ight C ought to A move B to m ove C m oving
4 If I feel better tonight, I ..............to the party. 23 He was t h e ............ person in the com petition. He knew
A w ould go B m ight go C go all the answers.
A cleverest B clever C cleverer
5 M alcolm h a te s ................ so he often eats out.
A cook B co oking C to cook 24 If the tem perature rises above 0C, i c e ...............
A m elts B w ould melt C m ight melt
6 That p ic tu re ...............by som eone very fam ous.
A painted B is painting C was painted
25 They ............. be friends. They never speak to each
other.
7 S a m ..............for his wallet for hours before he found it.
A w ould B could C ca n t
A has been searching B had been searching
C had searched
26 If you ............. to open the box, you w o u ld n t have
8 They advised m e ..............for som e help. broken it.
A asking B ask C to ask A d id n t try B h a d n t tried C havent tried
9 They are identical twins and I cant ............... one from 27 He e n jo y s .............tim e by himself.
the other. A to spend B spending C spend
A told B tell C say
28 ..............I take your order now, m adam ?
10 That office block is m u c h ..............than this one. A Should B Must C May
A taller B tall C tallest
29 Y o u .............finish that exercise before you leave today.
11 They had lots of potatoes so th e y .............buy any more. A m ust B c a n t C w ould
A didnt need to B m ustnt C c o u ld n t
13 Jack broke his leg while h e ............... last winter. 31 .............you leave now, you w o n t miss the start of the
A is skiing B was skiing C skiied film.
A S upposing B Providing C Unless
14 If you ............... in such a hurry, you w o u ld n t have
forgotten the file. 32 If you had arrived earlier, y o u ............ dinner.
A ha d n t left B d id n t leave C havent left A w o u ld n t have m issed B w o n t have missed
C w o n t miss
15 If I were you, I ...............a letter of com plaint.
A write B will w rite C w ould write 33 If he had som e m oney, h e ..............on holiday.
A could go B can go C will go
16 M e lis s a ............... in a very busy office now.
A w orks B has w orked C was w orking 34 He ............. that she was the m ost beautiful girl hed
ever seen.
17 He d e n ie d ..............his m o th e rs vase.
A w arned B denied C exclaimed
A break B breaking C to break
140
Revision 3 (Units 1 - 9 )
19 If I had realised what time it was, I w ou ld n t have called,
a Complete each sentence with two to
five words, including the word in bold. re a lis e d Had ....................................................................
was, I w o u ld n 't have called.
20 W hat a fantastic view!' they said.
1 You m ust pay for the tickets by Friday, he said to me. e xc la im e d They ...................................................................
on He .. in s is te d on my paying... for the a fantastic view.
tickets by Friday.
2 I d id n t see the car until it was too late.
d id Not until it was ................................................ 3 _ Turn the following sentences into reported
the car. ^ speech.
3 You will miss the bus unless you leave now.
if You will miss the b u s ..................................... 1 Be quiet!' the teacher said to the boys.
...................................................................now. ...The teacher ordered the boys to be o\u\et...
4 I want to go on holiday, but I ca n t afford it. 2 W ould you like to com e to my party?' she said to him.
w ish I ...................................................................... to
go on holiday. 3 I'm the fastest runner in the school,' Paul said.
5 If I were you, I w ould apologise.
yo u W e r e .............................................. apologise. 4 Til phone you every week while Im away,' she said to
6 D ont forget to lock the car d o o r, Dad said to Bill, him.
re m in d e d D a d .....................................................................
the car door. 5 D o n t go near the w aterfall, he said to us.
7 She had no idea she had gone to the w rong house,
kn o w L ittle .................................................................... 6 Could you lend me som e m oney? she said to her
had gone to the w rong house. brother.
8 If you wake up early tom orrow , w e ll go sh opping
together. 7 Everyone wait outside!' the boss said to his employees.
p ro v id e d W ell go shopping to g e th e r .........................
............................................... early tom orrow . 8 Can I borrow your p en? she said to the man.
9 I broke Janes doll, the boy said.
a d m itte d The b o y ............................................................. 9 Would you like to help me make dinner? Mum said to me.
J anes doll.
10 If you d o n t stop shouting, I will tell the teacher. 10 I d id n t borrow your fo o tb a ll, he said to Tom.
else Stop sh o u tin g ....................................................
the teacher. 11 D on't forget to water the plants, Mum said to me.
11 If you d o n t study hard, you w o n t pass your exams,
u n le ss You w o n t pass your exams ........................ 12 T m sorry I was late, he said to her.
.................................................................. hard.
12 D ont touch anything while Im away on any account, 13 Lets go for a w a lk , Linda said.
s h o u ld On no a c c o u n t................................................
..............................anything while Im away. 14 Ive got toothache, Adam said.
13 I d o n t suppose you know where Alison is, do you? Liz
said to me. 15 Please, please help m e, she said to him.
w h e th e r Liz wanted to k n o w ........................................
....................................................... Alison was.
14 They had never heard such an interesting story before,
be fo re N e v e r................................................................. . Put the verbs in brackets into the correct
such an interesting story. 4 J tense.
15 Ruth would prefer to stay at home than go to the party,
ra th e r R u th .................................................................... 1 I wish I ...hadn't broken... (not/break) my favourite toy.
than go to the party. 2 If only she ................................ (listen) to w hat I tell her.
16 I d id n t leave the gate o p e n , he said. 3 I wish I ............................(not/go) to bed late last night.
d e n ied H e .......................................... the gate open. 4 If only Linda ........................................(apply) for that job.
17 Caroline regrets shouting at her friend yesterday, 5 If only the b o y s ................................................ (not/arrive)
w is h e s C a ro lin e ............................................................. so late last night.
at her friend yesterday. 6 If only we .......................................(have) enough money
18 I rarely went to the cinem a before I got married. to buy a car.
go H ardly e v e r ....................................................... 7 I wish I ...................................................................(be) rich.
the cinem a before I got married. 8 If only we ........................... (be) old enough to live alone.
141
R e v isio n 3 (Units 1 - 9)
9 I wish my neighbours ........................................ (not/have) 4 A: Ive been feeling very tired recently.
parties every weekend. B: You c o u ld n t/o u g h t to have a holiday.
10 If only I ................................................... (apologise) for my 5 A: W ould/C ould you tell me where the accounts
bad behaviour yesterday. departm ent is, please?
11 I wish I ............................. (not/make) such a big mistake. B: Its on the third floor.
12 I wish my brother ............................................(not/borrow) 6 A: C an/M ust you cook?
my favourite clothes. B: Not very well, although I enjoy it.
13 If only T re v o r....................................... (remember) to post 7 A: W hy are you w orking late?
the letter. B: I ought to/have to finish updating the files by
14 If only I ......................... (invite) more people to the party. tom orrow m orning.
15 Tara wishes s h e ..............................................(know) more 8 A: There were lots of fast runners in the race, w eren't
people in the area. there?
B: Yes, but Alex was able to /co uld finish second.
9 A: Shall I take the rubbish outside?
g Rewrite the sentences using the words/ B: No, you d id n t need to /n ee dn t. I'll take it in a
phrases given.
minute.
10 A: I phoned Jill and Martin, but there was no answer.
1 He not only dro p p e d the eggs, but he slipped on them .
B: They m ust/can have gone to the superm arket.
Not only ...did he d ro p th e eggst b u t he slipped on
11 A: B arbaras late. I w onder where she is.
them....
B: She co uld/sho uld have got stuck in traffic.
2 She has seldom been to such a good party.
12 A: M ight/M ay not I speak to Miss Andrews, please?
S e ld o m .....................................................................................
B: One m om ent, please. Ill see if sh e s available.
3 I have rarely met such polite people.
13 A: W ill/Shall we rent a video this evening?
Rarely ......................................................................................
B: T hats a goo d idea.
4 They have not once visited the m useum in the town.
14 A: You sh ou ld /m ust wear protective clothing in here.
Not o n c e ..................................................................................
Its a rule.
5 I realised only then that the w indow was broken.
B: Yes, I know.
Only t h e n .................................................................................
15 A: W here is Angela?
6 I not only took the picture, but I developed it.
B: She m ay/can be in her bedroom , studying.
Not only ...................................................................................
7 They have never taken such an im portant exam before.
Never before ..........................................................................
7 ^ Rewrite the sentences in the passive.
8 I had no sooner closed the door than Bill opened it again.
No sooner ................................................................................
9 He has seldom heard such an amusing joke. 1 The police found the m issing jewels.
S eldom ...................................................................................... ...The missing jewels were found by the police,...
10 They have rarely taken a day off work. 2 A w ealthy businessm an donated the money.
Rarely ........................................................................................
11 He has not once asked us to help him. 3 Scientists m ade an im portant discovery last weekend.
Not once ..................................................................................
12 They had no sooner sat down than the film started. 4 W ho painted Susans portrait?
No sooner ................................................................................
13 He noticed only then that the music had stopped. 5 Sim on paid the deposit for the new flat.
Only then .................................................................................
14 She has never attended an audition before. 6 They did the w ashing-up before they watched TV.
Never before ..........................................................................
15 I not only broke the glass, but I cut my finger on it. 7 Jenny m ade the arrangem ents for the school trip.
Not only ...................................................................................
8 What destroyed the village?
142
Revision 3 (Units 1 - 9 )
8 p Underline the correct preposition. io > Cross out the unnecessary word.
145
UNIT 10
Claui ^ L in k in g W ords
lim e CleiUbefc tim e ConfuneiLomi,
d uring - w hile/as
Main clause Time clause
present / future / present simple or d u rin g + noun = in the tim e period
im perative present perfect e.g. We learnt several interesting facts during the
She takes off her shoes the moment that she gets lecture.
home. w hile/as + clause = in the tim e period
I ll call you as soon as I get to my hotel. e.g. We learnt several interesting facts while/as we
Turn off the lights before you leave. were listening to the lecture.
past sim ple / -* past sim ple or
past perfect past perfect when = (tim e conjun ction ) + present tense
e.g. We 'II order some pizzas when our friends get here.
He took a shower after he had finished painting the
room. when = (question w ord) + w ill/w o uld
They had reserved a table before they went to the e.g. I'm not sure when his next book will be published.
restaurant.
144
u n it m
UIMII IU
C lau ses - Linking
F ill in th e g a p s w ith by, until, while, before, 3 Underline the appropriate time phrases
1 a hardly ... when, as soon as, when, as long as o r and put the verbs into the correct tense.
by the time .
1 You can keep those CDs for ...ae long ae... you like. 1 I'll call you whilelthe moment I ...get... (get) home.
2 I can't do any washing ...............................the w ashing 2 You can visit me whenever/till you ...............................
machine is repaired. (want) to.
3 We saw the sm oke ......................... we turned into our 3 We went for a walk after/until we ..................................
street. (eat) breakfast.
4 We had ......................... gone to b e d ..................... there 4 Once/Before he ..............................(read) the manual,
was a knock at the door. he knew how to operate the machine.
5 Sarah parked the car ........................ Paul dashed into 5 I was doing the ironing during/while he ......................
the bank. (wash) the car.
6 I have to finish these letters ........................ I can leave 6 They didnt get married until/by the time they ...............
the office. .................... (save) enough money for their honeymoon.
7 Wait h e r e .......................................................... I get back. 7 I'll write to you as soon as/immediately I ...................
8 I was w ashing my hair ........................ the phone rang. (have) the results.
9 You m ust be hom e ................. eleven o clock tonight. 8 I got to the station till/just as the train ..........................
10 Sue reached the bank, it had closed. (pull in).
9 We w o n 't m ove to a new house since/before the
c h ild re n ............................(leave) school.
^ Put the verbs in brackets into the correct
10 They had fixed the roof until/by the time John
^ tense.
.......................... (come) back.
11 The students d o n t know when/till the results ...........
1 A: I m ust tell Steve the good news.
................................. (announce).
B: D on't worry. I ...7/ tell... (tell) him w hen I ...eee..
(see) him.
2 A: How did your tear your dress? a C o m p le te e a c h s e n te n c e w it h t w o t o fiv e
B: I .......................... (step) on it as I ........................(get) J w o r d s , in c lu d in g t h e w o r d in b o ld .
out of the car.
3 A: Have you finished with the newspaper? 1 As soon as he w oke up, he jum ped out of bed.
B: Alm ost. You can have it after I .......................(read) m om ent He jum ped out of bed ...the moment he
the sports section. woke... up.
4 A: When will they announce the results? 2 She did som e research before she w rote her report,
B: They ......................................... (not/announce) them a fte r She w rote her report ......................................
until they ................................ (mark) all the papers. ............................................... som e research.
5 A: When did you realise you had been burgled? 3 I had no sooner entered the house than the phone rang,
B: I knew it the m om ent I ......................(arrive) home. h a rd ly I h a d ....................................................................
6 A: You should be in bed by now. ............................................... the phone rang.
B: I ................... (go) to bed as soon as I ........................ 4 Simon hurt his leg clim bing a tree.
(finish) this chapter. w h ile Sim on hurt his leg .............................a tree.
7 A: Has your boss signed the contract yet? 5 We ca n t go. We have to wait for the taxi to arrive,
B: No. Im not sure when h e ........................... (sign) it. u n til We ca n t go ....................................... arrives.
8 A: Have you spoken to Uncle John? 6 We opened the gate. The dog ran tow ards us.
B: Yes. I ......................................... (phone) him before I sooner We h a d .............................................. than the
................................... (leave) the house. dog ran tow ards us.
9 A: Did your friends organise a surprise party for your 7 The shop will open at nine o clock. The staff will have
birthday? com e in to work by then.
B: Yes! No sooner .............................(I/open) the door tim e The staff will have com e in to work ...........
than all my friends ............................... (jump) out to .............................................. the shop opens.
surprise me! 8 Moira bought the ring only after she had made sure it
10 A: Do you see Catherine very often? was solid gold.
B: We meet whenever she ................ (have) the time. b e fo re Moira made sure the ring was solid gold
11 A: Can I borrow your dictionary, please? ..........................................................................it.
B: You can have it once I ......................(finish) with it. 9 Her phone card ran out during her conversation with
12 A: Has Lee cleaned his room yet? her m other.
B: No, but he will have done it by the tim e Mum ....... w h ile Her phone card ran out ................................
(get) home. ....................................................... her mother.
145
UNIT 10 r
Clau ^ " lin k in g W o rd s
as a result/therefore/consequently
e.g. The president was taken ill and, as a result / C Complete each sentence with two to five
therefore/consequently the summit meeting ^ words, including the word in bold.
was cancelled.
The president was taken ill. As a result/therefore/ 1 I had a lot of hom ew ork to do, so I c o u ld n t go out.
consequently, the summit meeting was cancelled. so I had ...eo much homework... to do that I
so e.g. It was hot, so I turned on the air-conditioning. c o u ld n t go out.
2 The bus was very late. We decided to take a taxi.
such a/an + adjective + singular countable noun
so The bus was .........................................................
e.g. It was such an interesting book (that) I couldnt
put it down. we decided to take a taxi.
3 He was sleeping soundly. We c o u ld n t wake him.
such + adjective + plural/uncountable noun
so He was ...................................................................
e.g. They are such good friends (that) theyve never
we c o u ld n t wake him.
had an argument.
4 It was very exciting news and I c o u ld n t wait to tell
It was such expensive jewellery (that) it was kept
everyone.
in a safe.
such It w a s .......................................................................
such a lot of + plural/uncountable noun I c o u ld n t wait to tell everyone.
e.g. She invited such a lot o f guests to her party that 5 She is a very clever girl and her parents are very proud
there wasnt enough room for all of them.
of her.
He has such a lot o f money (that) he doesnt
such She is ......................................................................
know what to do with it.
her parents are very proud of her.
so + adjective/adverb 6 Jane d o e sn t spend m uch tim e studying. She may fail
e.g. He is so devoted that he deserves praise. her exams.
He speaks so quickly that I cant understand him. little Jane spends .........................................................
so much/little + uncountable noun she may fail her exams.
so many/few + plural noun 7 Peter did a lot of work yesterday, so he has nothing to
e.g. There is so much traffic that we w ont be on time. do today.
He pays so little attention to what I say that it much Peter d i d .................................................................
makes me angry. yesterday that he has nothing to do today.
He made so many mistakes that he failed. 8 His luggage was heavy. He decided to call a porter,
There are so few wolves left that we have to such He had ...................................................................
protect them. that he decided to call a porter.
146
C lau ses - Linking"
7 Rewrite the sentences using the w ord(s)
Clauses el IvJc-asej.i Jt in brackets.
5 The reason why the Prime Minister did not attend the
press conference was that he was out of the country, (for)
Clauses of reason are used to express the reason fo r 7 The jo b was very dangerous, so she turned it down,
som ething. They are introduced w ith the fo llo w in g (the reason for)
w ords/expressions:
because - as/since - the reason forlwhy - because 8 His car ran out of petrol, so it w o u ld n t move, (due to)
of/on account of/due to - now that - for etc.
9 He was late. He took a taxi, (since)
because e.g. I took a taxi because it was raining.
Because it was raining, I took a taxi.
as/since ( = because) e.g. They bought him a gift
as/since it was his birthday. As/Since it was his O Complete each sentence with two to five
birthday, they bought him a gift. words, including the word in bold.
the reason fo r + noun/-ing form
the reason w hy + clause 1 It was very cold, so I w ore my coat.
e.g. The reason for his resignation was (the fact) as I wore my coat ...ae it wae... very cold.
that he had been offered a better job. 2 We d id n t go for a walk because it was raining,
The fact that he had been offered a better job was account We d id n t go for a walk ...................................
the reason for his resigning. ................................................................ the rain,
The reason why he resigned was (the fact) that 3 He didn't tidy his room. As a result, his mother shouted
he had been offered a better job. at him.
because His m other shouted at him ...........................
because of/on account of/due to + noun
because of/on account of/due to the fact th at + ............................................................. his room
clause 4 She d id n t close the gate. As a result, the dog escaped
e.g. All flights were cancelled because of/on account due The dog escaped .............................................
of the thick fog. ................................ she d id n t close the gate
All flights were cancelled due to the thick fog. 5 The reason why she got a lot of presents was that it
He asked for a few days off because of/on was her birthday.
account of the fact that he was exhausted. fo r The fact that it was her birthday was ...........
He asked for a few days off due to the fact that ................................................ a lot of presents.
he was exhausted. 6 We d id n 't understand the lecture, so we asked the
tutor to explain.
now (that) + clause e.g. Now (that) they have
children , they have less free time. since We asked the tutor to explain..........................
...........................................................the lecture.
fo r = because (in form al w ritten style) 7 The car skidded on the road because it was icy.
A clause of reason introduced w ith for always due The car skidded on the r o a d .................. ice.
com es after the main clause.
8 I c o u ld n 't sleep because it was noisy.
e.g. The citizens of Harbridge were upset, for a new
of I c o u ld n t sleep ..................................................
factory was to be built near their town.
noise.
147
UNIT 10
Cla -Linking W o rd s
i r
148
Clauses - Linking
6 She is studying m edicine. She w ants to becom e a
doctor, (so that) I z K c l c i l l l C l l l O Li b'
150
UNIT 10
Clauses - Linking ords
4 He was ill. He went to work, (despite)
C l a u s e s o v 1 \ \ l\ L U i e i
5 This appliance is very expensive. It is im practical, (yet)
10 It was very late. The guests d id n t leave, (nevertheless) Clauses o f m anner are introduced w ith as if/as though
and are used to express the way in w hich som ething is
11 Lisa went shopping. She d id n 't buy anything, (but) done/said, etc.
We use as if/as though after verbs such as act,
12 The boy fell off his bicycle. He w asnt hurt, (however)
appear, be, behave, feel, look, seem, smell, sound,
13 He was tired. He co u ld n't sleep, (although)
taste to say how som ebody or som ething looks,
behaves, etc.
14 Brian is good at Maths. His sister is good at Science, e.g. He is acting as if/as though he's had bad news.
(whereas) We also use as if las though w ith other verbs to say
how som ebody does som ething.
15 Janet is clever. She finds som e subjects difficult, (still) e.g. She talks as iflas though she knows everything.
1 Dennis is tired. He doesn't want to go to bed. (although, Note: We can use like instead of as if/as though in
despite) spoken English.
a) Although Dennie ie tire d , he d o e e rit w an t t o go e.g. She looks like she's going to faint, (informal
to bed. spoken English)
b) D eepite (hie) being tire d , Dennie d o e e n 't w an t
t o go to bed.
2 It was a lovely day. They stayed inside, (however, in 18 * Put the verbs in brackets into the correct
spite of) # tense.
3 Martin is a good cook. He rarely cooks for his friends,
(still, though) 1 She was w andering up and dow n the street. She
4 The house is in bad condition. They paid a lot of looked as though she ...wae... (be) lost.
m oney for it. (even though, nevertheless) 2 Although he had a degree in French, it sounded as
5 The lecture was very im portant. Few students attended, though he .......................................... (not/speak) it well.
(despite, yet) 3 The sky is dark. It looks as if it .............................(rain).
6 There w asnt m uch food in the fridge. We m anaged to 4 There is a strange smell in the kitchen. It sm ells as
make a meal, (although, however) th o u g h som ething ................................................. (burn).
7 She h adnt slept well. She looked fresh and lively, 5 Tom is tw enty-five years old, but he som etim es acts as
(still, in spite of) th ough h e ....................................................... (be) a child.
8 His parents are very rich. He never asks them for 6 Colin was out of breath. He sounded as though he
money, (nevertheless, yet) ................................................. (run).
9 I had seen the film before. I enjoyed w atching it again, 7 Jim has only just learned this game, but he plays it as
(though, despite) if h e ........................................................ (play) it for years.
10 Celine Dion is my favourite singer. I havent been to 8 We had never met before, but she greeted me as if we
any of her concerts, (even though, however) ........................................... (know) each other all our lives.
UNIT 119
C la y * uni
^Linking W o rd s
We u s u a lly a void usin g p re p o s itio n s before
ive [cii lv e C ia u s?e s relative pronouns.
e.g. a) The person to whom the money will be
entrusted must be reliable, (formal English -
unusual structure)
b) The chair that you are sitting on is an antique,
(usual structure)
c) The chair you are sitting on is an antique,
(everyday English)
W hich can refer back to a w hole clause.
e.g. He helped me do the washing-up. That was kind
of him.
He helped me do the washing-up, which was
A camel is an animal which/that lives in hot countries. kind of him. (Which refers back to the whole
A computer is something which/ that we use for storing clause. That is, it refers to the fact that he helped
information. the speaker do the washing-up.)
A firefighter is someone who/that puts out fires and
We can use the structure all/most/some/a few/half/
whose job is very risky.
none/two , etc. + of + whom /which.
R ela tive c la u se s are in tro d u c e d w ith a) re la tiv e e.g. a) He invited a lot of people. All of them were his
pronouns (who(m ), w hich, w hose, that) and b) relative friends.
adverbs (when, where, why). He invited a lot of people, all of whom were
his friends.
We use: b) He has a number of watches. Three of them
w ho/that to refer to people. are solid gold.
He has a number of watches, three of which
w hich/that to refer to objects or animals.
are solid gold.
W ho/w hich/that can be om itte d when it is the
o bject of the relative clause; that is, when there is That is never used after a comma or preposition.
a noun or subject pronoun between the relative e.g. a) The Chinese vase, which is on the coffee
pronoun and the verb. It cannot be om itted when it table, is very expensive.
is the subject of the relative clause. We can use (NOT: ..tf& lis on the coffee table ...)
w hom instead of who when it is the object of the b) The bank in which the money was deposited
re la tive clau se. Whom is not o fte n used in is across the street.
everyday English. (NOT: The bank in tfroCthe money ...)
e.g. a) I saw a friend. I hadnt seen\him\ for years. We use that with words such as all, every(thing),
I saw a friend (who/whom/that) I hadn't seen some(thing), any(thing), no(thing), none, few, little ,
for years. (Who/whom/that is the object, much, only and with the superlative form.
therefore it can be omitted.) e.g. Is this all that you can do for me? (more natural
b) I met a woman.\She\was from Japan. than ... all which you can do ...)
1 The only thing that is important to me is my family.
I met a woman who/that was from Japan.
It s the best song that I've ever heard.
(Who/that is the subject, therefore it cannot be
omitted.)
w hose instead of possessive adjectives (my, your,
his, etc.) w ith people, objects and anim als in ord er w ho/that subject cannot be omitted
to show possession. (people)
e.g. a) That's the boy - \ his \ bicycle was stolen
yesterday. v w ho/w hom /that object - can be om itted
That's the boy whose bicycle was stolen (people)
yesterday.
b) That's the building - \ its \ windows were w hich /th at subject - cannot be omitted
smashed. v (objects, anim als) object can be om itted
Thats the building whose windows were
smashed. w hose (people, possession - cannot be omitted
objects, animals)
152
C lau ses - L in k in g !* !
10 Name the c i t y ................ the H unchback of Notre Dame
lived.
A Paris B Prague
We use:
where to refer to place, usually after nouns such aa C o m p le te th e s e n te n c e s w ith who3 which
> o r where.
as place, house, street, (own, country, etc.
It can be replaced by which/that + preposition
and, in th is case, which/that can be om itted. The C oca-C ola C om pany, 1) ...which... was founded in
1892, is fam ous all over the world.
e.g. The house where he was born has been
The com pany, 2 ) ..................................... produces many
demolished.
soft drinks, is based in Atlanta.
The house (which/that) he was born in has been
John S. Pemberton, 3) .......................................invented
demolished.
Coca-Cola, intended the drink to be used as a cure for
when to refer to tim e, usually after nouns such as com m on illnesses.
time, period, moment, day, year, summer , etc. It Frank Robinson, 4) ........................................worked for
can either be replaced by that or can be om itted. John Pemberton, chose the name Coca-Cola.
e.g. That was the year when she graduated. Fanta, 5 ) ..................................... was originally produced
That was the year (that) she graduated. in Germany, was bought by the Coca-Cola Company.
Sprite, 6 ) ......................................was introduced in 1961,
w hy to give reason, usually after the w ord reason. is also made by the Coca-Cola Company.
It can either be replaced by that or can be om itted. The US Patent Office, 7 ) ......................... the tradem ark
e.g. The reason why she left her job was that she C oca-C ola was registered, has also registered the
didn't get on with her boss. tradem ark C o ke and the glass C oca-C ola bottle.
The reason (that) she left her job was that she In America, 8) .............. Coca-Cola was first produced,
didn't get on with her boss. there is a large soft drink industry, but the Coca-Cola
C om pany is the m ost successful.
a j F ill in th e c o r r e c t r e la tiv e p ro n o u n /a d v e rb .
How much do you know about films? F ill in th e If i t c a n be o m itte d , p u t it in b ra c k e ts .
1 9l 9 ^ p s w ith who , which , whose, where o r when,
th e n a n s w e r th e q u e s tio n s .
W hen did you buy the jacket ...(w hich/that)... you are
wearing?
1 Name the actor ...who... plays Mr Bean. 2 Is that the g i r l ....................sent you a V alentines card?
(S ) Rowan Atkinson B Rolph Harris 3 The reason ....................... John is successful is that he
2 Name the US president ............... was first an actor. w orks very hard.
A James Carter B Ronald Reagan 4 What did you do with the m o n e y ......................... I gave
you?
3 Name the US c i t y ......... H ollyw ood can be found.
5 Sam is m ending the c h a ir ................................. he broke
A Los Angeles B Las Vegas yesterday.
4 Name the film .............. tells the story of a strong 6 Is this the p la c e ..............................you lost your jacket?
mythical character. 7 Have you met the people .................................. live next
A Aladdin B H ercules door to you?
5 Name the character nose grows when he tells lies. 8 Ill never forget the day ...................... my daughter was
born.
A Pinocchio B Peter Pan
yQ Claire is reading the book ........................... she bought
6 Name the y e a r ............. the first studio was built in yesterday.
H ollywood. 10 Ive been running. Thats ...................Im out of breath.
A 1991 B 1911 11 This is the town ...................... my favourite singer lives.
7 Name the y e a r .............. Titanic was released. 12 What is the name of the w om an .......................... works
A 1998 B 1988 in the chem ists?
8 Name the superhero ........... lives in G otham City.
13 Is this the b o y ......................... parents own the factory?
1A
14 Ill never forget the t im e ......................... she fell into the
A Superm an B Batman
sw im m ing pool.
9 Name the p la c e ........... The Lion King is set. 15 W here are the children .............................ball broke our
A Africa B Am erica window?
15?
UNIT 10
C lause* r - Linkin
22 Fill in who, which, whose, where or why. 24 Jo in the sentences, as in the example.
aa Com plete the pairs of sentences, as in 3 A song won the com petition. It was written by a
the exam ples. schoolboy. He was thirteen years old.
The song ................................................................................
Tom is playing football with a boy. The boy is his cousin.
A The boy ...who/whom Tom ie playing fo o tb a ll w ith
ie hie couein,... 4 I helped som eone with his hom ework. His name is
B The boy ... Tom ie playing football with ie hie couein .... Alec and h e s a classm ate of mine.
Sam has gone to a party. The party is at his frie n d s I helped ..................................................................................
house.
A The p a r ty ...........................................................................
B The p a r ty ........................................................................... 5 E laines house is going to be pulled down. She is
I was talking to a w om an. The w om an is my boss. looking for a new flat.
A The w om an ...................................................................... E laine.......................................................................................
B The wom an ......................................................................
She w orks for a writer. The w riter is very fam ous.
A The writer .......................................................................... 6 The book is a bestseller. Its written by Nathan Davis.
B The writer .......................................................................... He has written ten novels.
I lent my jacket to Pam. The jacket is m ade of leather. The b o o k .................................................................................
A The jacket .........................................................................
B The jacket .........................................................................
154
UNIT
W il l m
IU
C lau ses - L in kin g ^ o r d s
155
UNIT 10 r
Claus ^"Linking W o rd s
13 My friend P e te r.............. has just m oved to Wales sent
me a long letter. LiiiLuiej Wo i ds
14 My b o s s ................................. office is next to mine is on
holiday at the moment.
15 London .............................the Houses of Parliament are Linking w ords show the logical relationship between
is the capital of England. sentences or parts of a sentence.
16 My favourite time of the year is sum m er ........................
Positive A ddition
the weather is hot.
17 The wom an ...............................won the lottery gave an and, both ... and, too, besides (this/that), moreover, what
interview to the newspaper. is more, in addition (to), also, as well as (this/that),
furtherm ore etc.
She is both intelligent and beautiful.
07 Complete each sentence with two to five
Negative Addition
J words, including the word in bold.
n e ith e r... nor, nor, neither, either
Neither John nor David goes to university.
1 This is Mark. His sister is a fam ous author.
w hose This is Mark ...whoee e ie te r ie a... fam ous C ontrast
author.
but, although, in spite of, despite, while, whereas, even
2
This is the m otorbike. I repaired it myself.
though, on the other hand, however, yet, still etc.
th a t This is the m otorbike ......................................
Sarah is kind but not very reliable.
..................................................................myself.
3 Mr Smith owns the com pany. He is a wealthy G iving Examples
businessm an.
such as, like, for example, for instance, especially, in
w ho Mr S m ith ...............................................................
particular etc.
.............................is a wealthy businessm an.
All the food was delicious, but the steak in particular was
4 Im afraid of water. T hats why I never swim in the sea. excellent.
w h ic h Im afraid of w a te r..............................................
............................................... swim in the sea. Cause/Reason
5 You were talking to a girl. She is my niece. as, because, because of, since, for this reason, due to, so,
whom The girl ............................................................... as a result (of) etc.
....................................................... is my niece. I stayed in bed because I felt ill.
6 The boy broke the w indow . He said he was sorry,
w ho The boy .............................................................. C ondition
............................................said he was sorry. if, whether, only if, in case of, in case, provided (that),
7 Bath is the city he lived in when he was young, providing (that), unless, as/so long as, otherwise, or (else),
w h e re Bath is the c i t y ................................................... on condition (that) etc.
...................................................he was young. We took an umbrella with us in case it rained.
8 People should be punished if they com m it crimes,
w ho People ................................................................ Purpose
....................................... should be punished. to, so that, so as (not) to, in order (not) to, in order that, in
9 The best tim e to go shopping is in the m orning. The case etc.
shops are not very busy then. I took some paper and a pen so that I could make notes.
w hen The best tim e to go shopping is in the
m o rn in g ................................................................ Effect/R esult
............................................are not very busy. such/so ... that, so, consequently, as a result, therefore, for
10 He lent me som e money. That was very kind of him. this reason etc.
w h ic h He lent me som e m o n e y ................................. It was so cold that we decided to light a fire.
................................................................ of him.
11 Michael lives next door to me. He is an architect, Time
w ho M ichael................................................................. w hen, whenever, as, as soon as, while, before, until/till,
.....................................to me, is an architect. after, since etc.
12 This is the suit. I bought it last week. It d o e s n t fit me. We did not leave until/till the babysitter arrived.
w h ic h This s u it................................................................
.................................................. d o e s n t fit me. Place
13 She interviewed a man. He is my father. where, wherever
w hom The man ............................................................. We can't decide where to go on holiday this year.
.......................................................is my father.
156
UNIT 10
Clauses - Linking' fi/ords
3 I was tired. I w atched the late film, (despite)
Exception
except (for), apart from 4 John did his hom ew ork. His brother tidied the kitchen,
The party was good fun , apart from the problem with the (while)
stereo.
5 Tom likes football. Stuart likes basketball, (whereas)
Relatives
who, whom , whose, which, what, that 6 He fell asleep. The phone rang, (as soon as)
That's the horse which/that won the Grand National.
7 She brushed her teeth. She w ent to bed. (then)
Listing Points/Events
To begin: initially, first, at first, firstly, to start/begin with, 8 We went to the shops. We had lunch, (after that)
first of all etc.
First of all, we greeted the guests. 9 I enjoy reading books. I enjoy w atching TV. (as well as)
To continue: secondly, after this/that, second, afterwards,
then, next etc. 10 Jason d o e s n 't like to m a to e s. Paul d o e s n t like
Then, we offered them drinks. tom atoes (neither)
1 He was hungry. He bought a sandw ich, (so) 1 C om puters are very useful. You can use them to store
...He wae hungry, eo he bought a eandwich,... inform ation, (for exam ple/w hereas)
2 Claire is very tall. She is very thin, (what is more) ...Com putere a re very ueeful. F or example , you can
uee th em to e to re inform ation....
157
UNIT 10 V
Claus ^"Linking W o rd s
2 Simon is often invited to parties. He is a popular person, Replace the words in bold with appropriate
(for exam ple/since) 34 synonyms from the list.
3 I had a great holiday. It rained all the time, (and/even while, at last, until, in short, in order that, so long
though) as, for instance, apart from, provided that, due to
the fact that, what is more, that
4 Paul is a builder. Robin is a plum ber, (whereas/too)
1 D ont m ake the announcem ent before I arrive.
5 We had salad for lunch. We both want to lose w eight, ...D on't make th e announcem ent u n til I arrive,...
(in addition/because) 2 Everyone passed the exam except fo r Paul, who hadn't
revised.
6 My teacher is very kind. She can be strict at times,
(then/on the other hand) 3 In summ ary, we had a w onderful tim e at the concert.
6 Ill give you a lift, pro vid ing you are ready on time.
a on the whole , finally, firstly, furthermore,
wherever, so 7 Steve is very clever. For example, he got top marks in
all his exams.
There are many advantages to ow ning a m obile phone.
1) F irs tly people can reach you imm ediately with 8 I bought som e stam ps so that I could post some
im portant news, 2 ) .................................. you happen to be. letters.
3) you can call for help in an
em ergency, 4) .................. ................... a m obile phone is 9 She was hungry because she h a d n t eaten all day.
im portant fo r personal safety. 5 ) .................................. lf y u
are late for an appointm ent, you can use a m obile phone 10 Jane likes classical music, whereas Susan doesn't.
to call and explain. 6 ) ............................... 1 think everyone
should have a m obile phone. 11 You'll be on time, as long as you hurry.
I have been playing the guitar for ten years. 1 ) ..................... 35> Choose the correct answer.
................., I found it very difficult 2 ) .......................... I w asnt
used to playing a m usical instrum ent. 3 ) ...............................
I soon becam e quite good and, 4) .................................. I There are m any reasons for visiting the city of Rome.
was asked to play in a local restaurant. I practised all the 1) ...C..., it is a city with an interesting history. 2) ........... it
tim e 5) ............................................... make a m istake in was the capital of the Roman Empire. 3 ) ........... Rome is very
public. 6) .............................................. I perform ed, people beautiful, 4 ) .......... its m any palaces, churches and squares.
w ould always applaud. 7) ............................................... I 5) m any of the c itys classical m onum ents have
becam e a very popular musician. been preserved, 6) .......... it is possible to see how the city
used to be. 7) ........... m any people travel to Rome every
year. 8) ........... I believe that, 9) .......... a trip to Rome may
be expensive, it is well worth visiting such a wonderful city.
33 Underline the correct word/phrase.
1 A Since B On the w hole C Firstly
2 A Secondly B Finally C Therefore
The party was a disaster. 1) Although/To begin with, there
3 A In order to B M oreover c All in all
were hardly any people there. 2) All in all/As a result, there
4 A due to B because C so
w asnt a very exciting atm osphere. 3) After thatlln addition , 5 A Apart from B However c In addition
the stereo had broken, 4) because/so there was no m usic to 6 A because B so c and
dance to. 5) On the whole/ln the end, we all watched a film 7 A Because B But c For this reason
on television. I left 6) before/as soon as I could. 7) In short/ 8A To sum up B A lthough c For example
Next, it was a terrible evening. 9 A m oreover B although c due to
158
Clauses - Linking1
IN OTHER WORDS 6 Having forgotten her birthday. Tom apologised,
because Tom a p o lo g is e d .......................................
Study these e xam ples. T h e seco nd se n ten ce ............................................her birthday.
has a sim ila r m e an in g to the first se n ten ce . 7 The photograph published in that m agazine was not
genuine.
1 The man w aving at me is my cousin Stewart. w hich The photograph .......................................
who The man who is waving at me is my cousin in that m agazine was not genuine.
Stewart. 8 Although she was hurt, she d id n t say anything,
2 She got up early because she w anted to do som e spite In ..................................................................
shopping before she w ent to work. ........................ she d id n 't say anything.
so She got up early so as to do som e 9 He has decided to give up his job and there's nothing
shopping before she w ent to work, you can do to stop him.
that She got up early so that she could do prevent You c a n t ....................................................
som e sh opping before she w ent to work. ...................................................... his job.
3 The jewellery kept in that safe belongs to my mother, 10 Her feet hurt because her shoes were too tight.
w hich The jewellery w hich is kept in that safe so Her shoes were .......................................
belongs to my mother. ............................................ her feet hurt.
4 The party was a success, so we all stayed very late, 11 It was snow ing heavily, so the village was cut off.
such The party was such a success that we all due The village was cut o f f ...........................
stayed very late. ........................ it was snow ing heavily.
5 Having missed the last bus, Laura had to walk all the 12 She looked like she was going to explode w hen she
way home. heard his rem arks.
because Laura had to walk all the way hom e if She lo o k e d ................................................
to explode when she heard his remarks.
because she had m issed the last bus.
13 The hotel was rather expensive, so we decided to look
6 A lthough he is hardw orking, he is not paid well,
for accom m odation elsewhere.
spite In spite of his being hardw orking, he is
such It w a s ...........................................................
not paid well.
............................we decided to look for
7 Children grow ing up in cities often get very little
accom m odation elsewhere.
exercise.
14 Have a spare key cut; you may lose the original,
who C hildren who grow up in cities often get
case Have a spare key c u t ..............................
very little exercise.
............................................... the original.
8 Thats the cafe where we used to go w hen we were
15 Always make a shopping list if you d o n 't want to forget
students.
anything im portant.
to T hats the cafe we used to go to w hen we
avoid Always make a shopping list ...............
were students. ............................... anything im portant.
16 She invited a lot of people to her party. She knew m ost
of them from work.
Complete each sentence with two to five whom She invited a lot of people to her party.
^ words, including the word in bold. ..............................she knew from work.
17 He missed his flight, so he was the only one who didn 't
1 He d id n 't say anything because he d id n t w ant to spoil attend the conference.
the surprise. consequently He missed his flight ................................
so He d id n t say anything ...eo ae n o t to ......................... the only one w ho did n 't
epoil... the surprise. attend the conference.
2 Thats the theatre w here he gave his first perform ance, 18 S om eone m ust have put too m uch sugar in my coffee,
in That's the th e a tre ..................................... if My coffee ta s te s .......................................
.............................his first perform ance. ..............................too m uch sugar in it.
3 Her room was in a mess, so she had to spend hours 19 She introduced me to all her friends. This was very
tidying it up. polite of her.
such Her room was in ...................................... w hich She introduced me to all her friends.
she had to spend hours tidying it up. ......................................................... of her.
4 Drivers parking in this area will be fined. 20 This is John Daniels. His novel becam e a bestseller,
who Drivers ........................................................ whose This is John D aniels.................................
............................................. will be fined. ............................................... a bestseller.
5 The w om an driving that car is a fam ous journalist, 21 People living abroad often miss their friends and family,
who The w om an ............................................... who People ........................................................
.......................... is a fam ous journalist. often miss their friends and family.
159
UNIT V10 ^
C la iira ^ S lm ting W o rd s
10 Is she the w om an w ho she lives next door to you?
11 Y o u d better take a ju m p e r in case it will be cold.
12 The tow n w here I grew up in has changed a lot.
CoLuiuoii Luib'ieLcrb'
This is the wallet w hich I bought it yesterday. X j0 Cross out the unnecessary word.
This is the wallet w hich I bought yesterday. /
Is he the man w ho he stole your bag? X 1 Take your credit card with you in case you will want to
Is he the man w ho stole your bag? / do som e shopping.
2 They held a sponsored parachute jum p in order that to
My car, that cost me a fortune, was badly dam aged in
raise m oney for the disabled people.
the accident. X
3 It was such an awful w eather that it ruined our holiday.
My car, which cost me a fortune, was badly dam aged
4 Andrew, w ho he is my friend, has been prom oted.
in the accident. /
5 She has always wanted to visit the place where her
Carol found a jo b last week. She had started looking parents were born there.
for one a m onth ago. X 6 Despite of the traffic, I got to the station on time.
Carol found a job last week. She had started looking 7 T hats the boy w hose his father is a surgeon.
for one a m onth before. / 8 When you will finish your work, we can go out.
When hell call, Ill give him the message. X 9 She called Marie for to invite her to her birthday party.
When he calls, Ill give him the message. / 10 W hat an expensive furniture y o u ve got here!
11 You can go out after you will have finished cleaning
He gave me so helpful advice that I was able to your room .
solve the problem . X
12 He w ent to the bank so to w ithdraw som e money.
He gave me such h elpful advice that I was able to
solve the problem . /
on Add the correct prefixes to the beginning
He took a taxi not to be late. X
of the words to form the opposites.
He took a taxi so as not to/in order not to be late. /
Y oud better book a table in case the restaurant w ill 1 It was very ...unkind of you to laugh at E m ilys haircut.
be busy. X 2 M any p e o p le ....... a p p ro ve of vio le n t film s and
Y oud better book a table in case the restaurant is television program m es.
busy. / 3 We b e c a m e .......patient with the slow service.
4 It is .......legal to leave school before the age of 16 in
Despite of her wealth, she is still unhappy. X
many countries.
Despite her wealth, she is still unhappy. /
5 He was sacked due to h i s .......professional behaviour.
He often speaks as if he is an expert on every 6 The nurse who treated me was gentle b u t ...... personal.
subject. X 7 Som e frozen food does not have to be ........frosted
He often speaks as if he w as/were an expert on before cooking.
every subject. / 8 My hom ew ork was w rong because I .......understood
the instructions.
This is the man w ho s dog attacked me. X
9 Dave w a s ........successful in his attem pt to clim b Mount
This is the man whose dog attacked me. /
H oughton.
The hotel where we stayed at was very luxurious. X 10 You c a n t tru st him to do a nything. He is very
The hotel where we stayed was very luxurious. / .......responsible.
The hotel (which) we stayed at was very luxurious. /
see about: (tr) make enquiries about or arrange Fill in the gaps with the correct preposition
ments about sth 42 * from the list. Some prepositions can be
see off: (tr) 1) accom pany a traveller to used more than once.
his/her plane, train, etc., 2) make
at, by, for, in, on, out of, off, under, from, without
sure that sb leaves (ones property,
etc.)
That style of skirt w e n t................ fashion years ago.
see out: (tr) last until the end of (a period of
time) We heard about the e a rth q u a k e .............the news.
see through: (tr) 1) not be deceived by sb/sth, 2) This m ust be finished by five o c lo c k ................ fail.
support sb in difficulties Paul and I arrived at the p a r ty ................ the same time.
see to: (tr)care for sb We were ................ the im pression that they were
m oving to France.
Crim e i s ................ the increase in m any cities.
The knock at the d o o r took m e ................ surprise.
4 i> Fill in the correct particle. He erased his project from the co m p u te r and had to
s ta r t................ scratch.
1 I ran ...into... an old teacher of m ine last w eekend at ................ my opinion, he is the greatest m usician of
the superm arket. our time.
2 Be careful crossing that road. I d o n t w ant you to get 10 I d o n t know ................ certain, but I think sh es gone
r u n .................. on holiday.
3 The bath water ran ................ because Dean forgot to 11 Y oure looking a b i t ..............colour - are you feeling
turn off the taps. alright?
4 T h e baby's crying again.' D on't worry. I'll s e e .............. 12 The cerem ony is being held ................ honour of the
him this tim e.' Pope's visit.
5 Henry r a n ................a huge telephone bill and then he 13 He put salt in his t e a ................ mistake, thinking it was
co uldn't afford to pay it. sugar.
6 You'll never guess what I ran .................. at a car boot 14 I ca n t stop and talk. I 'm ................ a hurry.
sale yesterday. 15 She waved until the car w a s ................ sight.
7 The garage roof is leaking. I m ust s e e ..............getting 16 We always stay in. W hy d o n t we go out ................ a
it fixed. change?
8 The actor ran ................ his lines once m ore on the 17 He told us the plan ................ brief and d id n t go into
night of the opening perform ance. detail.
9 One of the em ployees ran ................ the m oney from 18 I m ustn't eat any chocolate. I 'm ................ a diet.
the till. 19 Peter has gone to L o n d o n ................ business.
10 The alarm clock isn't w orking. I think the batteries m ust 20 She selected a C D ................ random and put it in the
have r u n .................. CD player.
161
in k in g W o rd s
sion Box
4 3 * Put the verbs in brackets into the correct 7 They let me go to the rock concert last Saturday,
* tense. allowed I ......................................................... to the rock
concert last Saturday.
1 A: You had better ...get up... (get up) early tom orrow . 8 He began to play the guitar w hen he was seventeen,
B: I know. I have to be at the audition by eight o clock. since He has ................................................... he was
2 A: The teacher shouted at me today. seventeen.
B: Well, if you .......................... (do) your hom ew ork, 9 He was annoyed by her behaviour and left the party,
she w o u ld n t have shouted at you. found He .........................................and left the party.
3 A: Stop m aking that noise, or else I ............................ 10 Someone should tell David about the changes weve
(send) you to your room . made.
B: Im sorry, Mum. Ill be quiet. be David ............................................. the changes
4 A: I wish S a m ............... (help) m ore around the house. w eve made.
B: Why d o n t you ask him? 11 It w asnt necessary for her to do the washing-up, but
she did.
5 A: Did you enjoy your steak?
B: Not really. Id ra th e r .......................... (eat) pizza.
have S h e ..........................................the washing-up.
12 Why are you so angry? Anne said to Michael.
6 A: I wish I ....................................(not/forget) my purse.
was Anne wanted to k n o w .......................................
B: It d o e s n t matter. Ill lend you som e money.
so angry.
7 A: I d o n t think Louise liked the film.
13 The question was so difficult that I couldnt answer it.
B: Well, she looked as th ough s h e ................ (enjoy) it.
too The question ................................... to answer.
8 A: Id rather you ................................. (not/play) your
14 Martin is repairing the car.
m usic so loudly. by The car ....................................................Martin.
B: Sorry. Ill turn it dow n. 15 We had no idea the car was stolen.
9 A: S upposing you were rich, w hat ................................ know Little .................................... the car was stolen.
(you/buy)? 16 He ca n t carry that box. He is too weak.
B: A big house and a sports car. enough He ..........................................to carry that box.
10 A: I w ould have w orn an evening dress if I .................... 17 Som eone sent us a large parcel.
(know) it was a form al occasion. were W e .............................................. a large parcel.
B: It d o e s n t matter. You look lovely. 18 You had better phone your parents.
ought You .............................................. your parents.
1 Ive never travelled by aeroplane before. One of 1) ...the... greatest tennis players 2 ) ......................
firs t Its ...the f i r s t tim e... Ive travelled by the 20th century was Frenchm an Rene Lacoste, 3 ) ...............
aeroplane. success in the sport reached its peak in the 1920s.
2 Is this the fastest you can type? He 4 ) ..................... several tennis cham pionships, both in
faster C ant ................................................. than this? Europe and in America, and 5) ...................... nicknamed
3 We will probably have a dinner party next weekend, T h e C ro co d ile due 6 ) ..................his method of playing the
likely I t ...................................................have a dinner game. He never attacked at the start of a match. Instead he
party next w eekend. w ould wait 7) ...................... his opponent had a m om ent of
4 Alright, Ill help you with your research, he said to me. w eakness and he would win the match.
agreed He ................................................ my research. In 1929, Lacoste retired from tennis. Some years later, he
5 Som eone stole my bag while I was shopping. brought 8) ...................... a range of sports and leisure
had I ........................................................ while I was clothing with his own cro co d ile em blem. These designs
shopping. quickly becam e popular 9 ) ....................... people all over the
6 Ive never heard such a w onderful song. w orld and today Lacoste is still 10) ....................... of the
the Its ............................................Ive ever heard. favourite labels on the market.
Clauses - Linking
O R A L
Re^l
evision Box > ^ A c tiv it y S > s '
" ^ A c t i v i t y ^
W h a ts in a N am e?
Mr Blythe is now w ritin g a letter to the headm aster to
ask fo r p erm ission to put on the play. Look at the Oral
1 Many everyday objects are being given their names for A c tiv ity a g a in and use y o u r n o te s to c o m p le te th e
2 a reason. The Biro (a ballpoint pen) was invented by letter below.
3 Georg and Josef Biro, so that it was named after them.
4 The sandwich, on the other hand, it was named after the Dear Mr Johnson,
5 4th Earl of Sandwich in 1762. Despite of the fact that the I am writing to request permission for my class to
6 idea of eating slices of meat between slices of bread was put on a play in order to raise money for charity. The
7 not a new one, the Earl of Sandwich made it popular. He school hall is the place where we hope to stage the
play. 15th June is ................................................................
8 would ask to be served this dish at his card table so that
9 he could play the all day. Morse code (the use of long
10 and short sounds to send the messages along a wire) was
11 been invented by Samuel Morse in 1844 and Bermuda
12 shorts were so named because they at first became popular ... I hope you will allow us to put on the play, as it
13 in Bermuda. So, next time you will use an everyday would be both educational and enjoyable for the
14 object, why not to stop and think about where its name class, as well as beneficial to our chosen charity.
15 came from? You might be surprised! Yours sincerely,
Mr Blythe
ossessives - Demonstratives - Quantifiers
In short answers and after as and than we use an
i- 1 o l i o U US' object pronoun (inform al) or a subject pronoun +
auxiliary verb (form al).
e.g. 7 hate jazz. OR Me too. 77 do too.
She spends more money than me/than I do.
Subject pronouns go before verbs as subjects and object F ill in th e g a p s w it h there, it or one .
pronouns go after verbs or prepositions as objects, e.g. I
like him a lot. 1 A: Did you enjoy the party?
We do not use a noun and a personal pronoun B: No. ...There... w e re n t m any people there .............
together, e.g. Jim is at work. (NOT: he is ...) was boring.
We use there + be to m ention som ething fo r the 2 A: .......... is som eone on the phone for you. I think
.......... is David.
firs t tim e or to say that som ething or som eone
exists. We use it + be to give m ore details about B: Hold on. Ill be there in a minute.
som ething or som eone that has already been 3 A: W as that a Ferrari going past?
m entioned. We also use it to refer to a person B: I d id n t s e e .............
when we are identifyin g him or her. 4 A: Look! .......... is your friend!
e.g. There is a message for you. It is from your boss. B: Oh yes! .......... s Ian.
Whos on the phone? Its Mr Fox. 5 A: W hen did you last see a film?
(NOT: Fpg^Mr Fox.) B: I havent s e e n .......... for months.
6 A: Have you got your um brella with you?
We can use it as the subject to ta lk about weather,
B: N o ........... w a sn t raining this m orning, so I le ft..........
distance, tem perature and tim e and also w ith: It
at home.
seems/appears that/It is said that, It doesnt matter,
A: Did you sleep late yesterday?
It looks like, etc.
B: Yes. By the tim e I w oke u p , .......... was lunch time.
e.g. Its a ten-minute drive to the station. Its 23 C
A: Have you got a com puter?
outside.
B: No. I h a d .......... , but I s o ld ...............
It seems that there are some problems with the
A: Look at this mess! .......... are toys everywhere.
new management OR There seem to be some
B: Sorry. Ill tid y up.
problems with the new management.
10 A: Did you visit the Acropolis?
We use it to ta lk about som ething that has already B: N o .............w a sn t enough time.
been made clear. We use one when it is not clear 11 A: Could I have the bill, please?
w hich th ing in p articula r we are ta lkin g about. B: Certainly. Ill b r in g .......... at once.
e.g. I cant find my wallet. Have you seen it? (The 12 A: .......... seem s to be a m istake in this report.
speaker is talking about a specific wallet.) B: Oh, sorry. Ill t y p e .......... again.
I havent got any nice jumpers; I need to buy 13 A: Josie is very pretty.
one. (The speaker is not talking about a specific B: Y es................ d o e s n t m atter w hat she wears, she
jumper.)
always looks good.
UNIT 11
Pronouns - Possessives - Demonstratives - ftiantifiers
Note: its = possessive adjective
l:o bbo-b b i v (| A-l! jo-ci i v o b / e.g. The cat is licking its paw.
[: io no u lib its = it is or it has
e.g. It's (it is) raining. It's (it has) got one room.
I?obbobbivo o o bo
Both p osse ssive a d je c tiv e s and p oss e s s iv e of + inanimate thing or abstract noun
pronouns can be used to talk about ow nership or e.g. the wheels of the car, the price of fame
the re la tio n s h ip betw een p eo ple. P ossessive a/the/this/that + noun + of + possessive
a d je ctive s are fo llo w e d by nouns, w hereas e.g. She's a colleague of mine. That friend of Pamela's
possessive pronouns are not. is a doctor.
e.g. This is her bag. It's hers.
Note: When we refer to a certain place or tim e, the
We norm ally use possessive adjectives w ith parts possessive case is form ed as fo llo w s:
of the body and clothes. phrase of place (shop/home/business, etc.) + s
e.g. Lucy twisted her ankle. e.g. at the chemist's (we mean the shop),
He put on his jacket and his hat and left. at Susan's (house)
phrase showing length of tim e/specific moment or
We use the and not possessive adjectives w ith
event + s/
prepositional phrases m ostly when we are talking
e.g. a year's savings/two hours' drive/today's news
about th ing s that happen to parts of peo ple s
bodies, fo r exam ple blow s, pains, etc. Verbs We can use e ith e rs or of when we talk about places
usually used in th is pattern are: hit, punch, slap, or organisations.
bite, touch, pat, sting , etc. e.g. Rome's population OR the population of Rome
e.g. She patted him on the shoulder.
He 's got a pain in the chest.
We use the w ord own in the fo llo w in g structures to
em phasise the fact that som ething belongs to 3 C o n n e c t th e n o u n s u s in g -s , o r ...of... .
someone.
noun + of + m y/your, etc. + own 1 husband/S arah ...S arah's husband...
m y/your, etc. + own + noun 2 teacher/the children ........................................................
e.g. I wish I had a room of my own. 3 coats/Sally and J a n e .......................................................
OR I wish I had my own room. 4 the Prime M inister/England ..........................................
5 CDs/m y s is te rs ..................................................................
165
UNIT 11
Pronoi ssessives - Demonstratives - Quantifiers
6 the end/the road .......
7 books/the students .... 7 ^ Fill in its o r it's .
8 the owner/the building
1 My new bike is great. ...It's... got lots of gears on it.
2 The house next door has got a fence around ........
Fill in the correct possessive a d jective or
4 1 pronoun.
garden.
3 Lets go hom e................ getting late.
4 I love this shop................ got lots of lovely things in it.
1 A: Why did you lend Alt ...your... jacket? 5 the most beautiful house Ive ever seen.
B: Because he fo rg o t..........and it was cold. 6 That dog has got a white patch over .................. eye.
2 A: Chloe looks upset............eyes are very red.
B: Yes. She had an argument w ith .......... best friend.
0 Rewrite the sentences using the correct
3 A: Tom looks nice.............new clothes suit him.
p o s s e s s iv e fo rm .
B: Yes. I lik e .......... new shirt.
4 A: Have you m e t...........new boss yet? 1 He put his briefcase on the c a r - th e roof.
B: No, but I have m e t...........secretary. ...He put hie briefcase on the roof o f the car. ..
5 A: Mr and Mrs Ford must be rich.............. car is very 2 The w alk to school takes ten minutes.
expensive.
B: Yes, and its much faster th a n ............ 3 We are going on holiday two weeks from now.
6 A: I lik e ..........dress.
B: Oh, its n o t ............My sister lent it to me. 4 She received the parcel in the post this morning.
7 A: Celia e n jo y s ..........job.
B: Yes, and she gets on very well w ith ......... colleagues. 5 Paul never pays attention to his parentsthe advice.
8 A: Have you s e e n ......... keys?
B: Yes. They're on the table b e s id e ............ 6 That girl on the stage is a frie n d -m y .
5 Fill in a posse ssive adjective or the. 8 Simon lost a week of pay when he was ill.
1 We always wash ...our... hands before eating anything. 9 The girl shook the man the hand.
2 W ip e ......... feet before you come in.
3 She looked him i n ..........eye and told him the truth. 10 Can I see the menu for today, please?
4 I tra p p e d ..........finger in the door.
11 We had a barbecue in Bob-Marie-garden.
5 He lo s t..........jacket at the party.
6 Julia says that Mike p u lle d ..........hair.
12 The inspector looked at the passeng ers-the tickets.
7 He h it ..........knee on the table.
8 She felt something tap her o n ..........shoulder.
9 The branch snapped back and hit him i n ..........face.
10 I lik e ........... shoes. I wonder where she bought them. 9 M Fill in the correct pronouns or possessives.
166
UNIT 11
Pronouns - Possessives - Demonstratives - ?motifiers
167
UNIT 11
Pronoj ssessives - Demonstratives - Quantifiers
D e i u o i i b l i a i i v c r S S o i u e / A i i y / N . o
(X Ills - 1liei / X lllri-lf - 1llOb'Cr|
This, these, that and those are used as demonstrative The children are
adjectives when they are followed by a noun and as somewhere outside the
pronouns when they are not followed by a noun. building. There aren't
e.g. This vase is made of crystal, (demonstrative adjective) any chairs. The teacher
That is made of glass, (pronoun) is writing something on
the board. Everybody is
looking at the board.
this/these are used:
for people or things which are near us.
e.g. This is my favourite painting.
for present or future situations.
e.g. My cousin is staying with me this week.
to refer to an idea we are about to mention. Countable/ some any not any/no
e.g. Listen to this. It's really funny. Uncountable
168
UNIT 11
Pronouns - Possessives - Demonstratives - fk s n tifie rs
Fill in the gaps with everyone Ieverybody,
S om e and its com pounds are also used in
I4a everything or everywhere , and the correct
interrogative sentences when we expect a positive form of the verbs in brackets.
answer, for example when we make an offer or
request. 1 The meeting was a success. ...Everything went... (go)
e.g. a) This place is crowded. Shall we go som ew here well.
else? (We expect the answer yes.) 2 (learn) a foreign language at this school.
b) Would you like som ething to drink? (offer) 3 The film is a box-office hit......................................(talk)
Yes, please. Can I have som e lemonade?' about it.
4 We are going on holiday next week..............................
(request)
(be) arranged.
When any and its compounds are used in affirmative 5 On Friday afternoon........................ (leave) the office
sentences, there is a difference in meaning. Study early.
the following examples: 6 Mark is a very popular boy........................... (like) him.
a) You can come any day you want. 7 After the snow had fallen............................. (be) white.
(It doesn 't matter which.) 8 I'm glad we came to the beach..........................(have)
b) A nyo n e IA n y b o d y can take part in the quiz show. a wonderful time.
(It doesn 't matter who.) 9 We wanted to go to a restaurant, but ..........................
c) You can find anything you want in this shop. (be) full.
(It doesn't matter what.) 10 I dropped my bag and .................................. (fall) out.
d) I'll find you anyw here you go. 11 We cant make the announcement until
(It doesn't matter where.) (arrive).
169
UNIT 11
Pronoi -rossessives - Demonstratives - Quantifiers
iivoiy - lie u r li
The adverb else means other, different, or more. Every and each are used with singular countable
It is used after som eb od y, an yb o d y, nothing , every nouns. We normally use each when we talk about
where, etc. and who, what , why, when, where and two people or things. We use every when we talk
how . It is followed by a singular verb. about three or more people or things.
e.g. a) Can I get you anything else? e.g. He was holding an ice cream in each hand.
b) Kim hasn't arrived yet but everybody else is here. (N O T : ... m every hond.)
c) I've been to Lisbon twice this year.' Really? Every part of my body hurt after the fall.
Where else have you been?' (N O T: Eooh port of my body ...)
d) 7 bought a lovely rug from the market.' What
Every one and each (one) can be followed by of.
else did you buy?
e.g. It was the twins birthday yesterday. I gave a
A n yth in g (else ) and noth in g (else ) can be used present to each (o n e ) of them.
with but. I've seen all of Mel Gibsons films and I liked
e. g. I haven Ygot anything (else) to offer but my advice. every one of them.
The possessive of else is else's. We use every when we are thinking of people or
e.g. I have taken somebody else's book by mistake. things together, in a group to mean all, every
Or else means otherwise, if not. body/everything.
e.g. Hurry up or else well miss our flight. e.g. Every employee is entitled to twenty days off. (all
employees)
Elsewhere is formal and means somewhere else.
We use each when we are thinking of people or
e.g. If you are not satisfied with the service in this
things separately, one at a time,
restaurant, you can go elsewhere.
e.g. Each employee in turn will tell the manager when
he wishes to take his holiday.
We use every to show how often something
4C F ill in th e g a p s w ith else, e/ses, or else o r happens.
S elsewhere. e.g. There is a train every tw enty minutes.
I have to attend a meeting every two months.
1 He is ill. Why ...else... would he go to the doctors?
2 The postman has delivered someone ................. mail We use eve ry but not each with words and
to our house. expressions such as almost, nearly, practically
3 She must be at work. W h e re ............... could she be? and w ithout exception.
4 I love it here. I w ouldnt want to live anywhere ........... e.g. She has invited every person she knows, without
5 This hotel is full. We will have to stay............................ exception. (N O T : ... oooh-pofoon oho knowo ...)
6 Dont shout ............................ you will wake the baby.
7 What ............................... do we need to take with us?
8 This jacket isnt mine. Its somebody ...........................
^8 Fill in the gaps with each or every .
170
UNIT 11
Pronouns Possessives - Demonstratives - ?i!i3ntifiers
Too much is used with uncountable nouns. It has A little means not much, but enough.
the same negative meaning as too many. e.g. There is a little petrol in the tank. It will get us to
e.g. I've got too much work to do. I can't go out. the next town.
We use most/som e/any/m any/m uch/(a) few/(a) Little means hardly any, almost none and can be
little/several/one, two, etc. + of when a noun used with very for emphasis.
follows, preceded by this, that, these, those, a, the
e.g. There's (very) little coffee left. We need to buy
or possessives.
some more.
e.g. Most of the people at the party were from work,
but: Most people like parties.
171
UNIT 11
Prono -rossessives - Demonstratives - Quantifiers
4q Fill in many, much, how many, how much or a 94
Underline the correct item.
1 /of (of). * 1
1 A: Shall we go out tonight? 1 I have a lot of records, but very few/little/very little CDs.
B: I cant. I dont have ...much... money, Im afraid. 2 We have very little/very few/few spaghetti, so I cant
2 A: Can you help me, please? make Spaghetti Bolognese.
B: Im sorry. I havent got .........time at the moment. 3 Im tired. I didn't get many/much/few sleep last night.
3 A: ............................. potatoes are in that bag? 4 Ive made many/much/a lot of notes, but I havent
B: Seven, I think. Why? written my essay yet.
4 A: What did you do on your holiday? 5 This coffee is bitter. It needs a few/a little/little more
B: Well, I read ............... and I relaxed on the beach. sugar.
5 A: There isnt .................... milk left. 6 I have invited a few/a lot of/much people to the party.
B: I hope there will be room for them all.
Well, Ill buy some later this afternoon.
7 I dont have many/much/few time at the moment. Ill
6 A: ...........................homework have you got?
talk to you later.
B: Q u ite ............................. Id better start now.
8 I have had a few/very few/very little success in my
7 A: Did you enjoy your dinner?
search for a job.
B: Yes. I a te ..........................and Im very full.
9 There are much/a lot of/a little reasons why he should
8 A: Mark is a wonderful athlete.
go to university.
B: Yes. He has w o n ................................ competitions.
10 Id love to come to the beach. I just need a few/a little /
9 A: Are th e re ............................. flowers in the garden?
many minutes to get ready.
B: Yes, and they are beautiful too.
11 There are m uch/little/few people who are as hard
10 A: Are you very busy?
working as James.
B: No. I havent got ................................. to do today.
12 I have little/a little/a few work to do before I can leave.
11 A: She has g o t ...........................clothes.
13 I made a lot/a little/a few biscuits this morning. Would
B: I know. She wears something different every day.
you like to try one?
12 A: ................................. times have you seen this film?
14 There werent few/much/many people in town today.
B: Three times, but I always cry at the end.
It was very quiet.
13 A: ...................... food should we take on the picnic? 15 There is a little/little/a few chance of his getting the
B: Oh, enough for all four of us. job. He has no experience.
14 A: Have you travelled t o ................................. places?
B: Yes, I go to a different country every year.
22p PHI 5n many, few, much or little.
2 0 > Fill in the gaps with too much or too many. Claire pushed the door open a 1) ...little... and looked inside.
The house was small and there was not 2 ) ..........................
furniture. There were a 3) ................ chairs and a table, but
1 A: Would you like to spend the weekend with us?
there were very 4) ....................signs of comfort. There was
B: I can't. I have ...too many... things to do.
not 5) ...........................light, but Claire could see that there
2 A: Shall we go to London tomorrow?
were not 6) ........................pictures or ornaments. It was as
B: No. It ta k e s .....................................time to get there.
though the owner of the house spent very 7) ......................
3 A: I had a terrible nightmare last night.
time there. After a 8) ................ more moments, she quietly
B: Thats because you watch ...........................horror
closed the door and walked away.
films.
4 A: ............................. red meat is bad for your health.
B: I know. I rarely eat red meat.
A: There a r e ................................ people on this train. 2 3 ^ Add of w h e re necessary.
5
B: I know. Its very crowded.
6 A: I have spent ............................. money this month. 1 A lot ...of... people have mobile phones these days.
B: You should have been more sensible. 2 M a n y ..............her books are very old.
7 A: This sauce tastes awful. 3 M o s t.............. children enjoy watching cartoons.
B: I think I p u t ............................... salt in it. 4 Ive met se veral..............his colleagues.
8 A: I m a d e ................................ food for the party. 5 A fe w ..............birds were singing in the tree.
B: I know. There is a lot left over. 6 Have you ever seen a n y ..............Bruce Willis films?
9 A: There are ................................... books in this bag. 7 S o m e ..............my friends live abroad.
B: I know. Its very heavy, isnt it? 8 O n e ..............her books has won an award.
10 A: You are making ...........noise. I cant concentrate. 9 I have hardly a n y ..............free time at the moment.
B: Im sorry. I'll try to be quiet. 10 A fe w ................the guests arrived early.
iIN IT 11
D e m o n s trc ^ ^ fl atifiers
Both the motorcycle and the bicycle have got handlebars. All of these are means of transport.
Both of these have two wheels. None of these can travel across water.
Neither of these haslhave room for luggage. All of these can carry passengers.
Neither the motorcycle nor the bicycle
is convenient in winter.
Both refers to two people, things or groups. It has None of refers to more than two people, things or
a positive meaning and is followed by a plural groups and has a negative meaning. It is used with
verb. nouns or object pronouns and is followed by either
e.g. Both men work at the bank. a singular or plural verb.
Both of them cost a lot of money. e.g. None of my friends has/have travelled abroad.
Neither refers to two people, things or groups and But: How many books did you buy?' None.
has a negative meaning. Neither of + plural noun Either refers to two people, things or groups and is
phrase can be followed by either a singular or followed by a singular countable noun.
plural verb in the affirmative. e.g. You can paint the walls blue or green.
e.g. Neither of the films haslhave won an award. Either colour is fine with me.
Neither of them is/are working at the moment. Either of + plural noun phrase can be followed by
But: Neither dress is long enough. either a singular or plural verb.
All refers to more than two people, things or e.g. Either of these two dresses suits/suit you.
groups. It has a positive meaning and is followed But: Either dress suits you.
by a plural verb. We can use not ... either (of) instead of neither (of).
e.g. All the actors were brilliant. Either can also be used at the end of a negative
All of them are well-qualified. sentence.
e.g. I saw two plays, but I didn't like either of them.
Both/All can go: a) after the verb to be, b) after the
My sister can't drive, and I can't either.
auxiliary verb, but before the main verb.
e.g. They are both/all excited. They have both/all Both ... and is followed by a plural verb.
signed the contract. e.g. Both Mark and Sam work here.
Whole is used with singular countable nouns. We Neither ... nor/E ither... or take either a singular or
use a/the/this/my etc. + whole + noun. plural verb, depending on the subject which
e.g. He was hungry, so he ate the whole pie. follows nor or or.
Also: He was hungry, so he ate all the pie. e.g. Either Mum or Dad is going to pick me up.
We dont use whole with uncountable nouns.
e.g. She spent all the money you gave her.
(NOT: ...tho wholo monoy...)
All + day/morning/week year = the whole + day/
moming/week/year
e.g. He's been making phone calls all morning/the
whole morning.
17?
UNIT 11
Pronoj ssessives - Demonstratives - Quantifiers
R e w rite th e sen te n ce s using both...and,
24> U nde rlin e th e c o rre c t ite m s.
^ neither...nor or either...or.
Oliver has got two jobs, but 1) neither/neither of them pay 1 Beth hasnt got a car. Lucy hasnt got a car, either.
very well. He has had more jobs already than 2) most/most ...Neither Beth nor Lucy has g o t a car....
of people have in their whole lives, but 3) none/none of them 2 Harold wears glasses. Helen wears glasses, too.
really suited him. It is a shame, because he spent 4) several/
several of years at college and has got 5) some/any good 3 Kerry is cleaning the house, or maybe Joe is.
qualifications. 6) Either of/Both his parents are very proud of
him for getting a good education, but 7) each of/neither of 4 Clive cant speak French. Bill cant speak French,
them can understand why he cant find a suitable job. He buys either.
8) several/most newspapers every week and looks carefully
through 9) each of/every one of them to see if 10) any/no 5 Kim loves chocolate. Laura loves chocolate, too.
good jobs are being advertised. He applies for 11) every one
of/every available position, but often receives 12) some/no 6 Simon needs a haircut. Mike needs one, too.
reply. He still believes that he will find his ideal job one day.
7 Daphne doesnt eat meat. Jayne doesnt, either.
2 5 > Choose th e c o rre c t a n sw e r. 8 Scott is washing the car, or maybe Jim is.
174
UNIT 11
Pronouns - Possessives - Demonstratives - fkaatifiers
Note: We can use they/them/ their to refer to a
O iliei Q iie Lis t o Lius person whose sex is unknown.
e.g. Suppose a friend of yours asked you to lend
them some money, what would you do?
another = additional, an extra one. It is used with (Also: ...to lend him or her some money ... -
singular countable nouns. less usual)
e.g. Would you like another cup of tea? Compare:
These apples are delicious. Can I have another My grandmother celebrated her 70th birthday
(one)? last week.
another + few/two, three etc. + noun We also use they/them/their after words such
e.g. Were going to stay for another few days/another
as somebody, anybody, nobody, whoever, no,
four days. each, every, a person.
other/another = different, besides this/these e.g. If anybody calls while Im out, ask them to
e.g. Have you got any other blouses in black? leave a message.
I don't like this tie. Can you show me another one? Whoever told you that? They must have been
other/others When other is used with a noun, it has lying.
no plural form.
e.g. Where are the other files? (NOT:... files?)
But: I've got some files here. Where are the others?
OQ Fill in the gaps with the correct pronoun or
Note: Others can also be used to mean (the) other J possessive adjective.
people, e.g. Some people enjoy playing golf, others
hate it. 1 Someone called for you today, but ...they... didnt
le a v e ..................... name.
each other = one another
2 If you saw a person in trouble, would you h e lp ....... ?
e.g. We don't visit each other very often.
3 Somebody has parked ..............car across the drive.
every other = every second I cant get out.
e.g. We go to the supermarket every other Friday. 4 My aunt left .......................bag here when she visited
the other day = a few days ago us this morning.
e.g. Jack called me the other day; he said he was 5 If a colleague of mine got promoted, Id be happy for
coming home the following week.
6 Everyone brings .................... own lunch to work with
175
UNIT 11
Pronoj ssessives - Demonstratives - Quantifiers
Theres somebody on the phone. He must be Sam. / 1 We can watch the comedy or the thriller. Either films is
Theres somebody on the phone . It must be Sam. / fine with me.
She earns a lot more than I. / 2 I have very few time. Youd better make it quick.
She earns a lot more than me. / 3 The childrens area is run by experienced staff.
She earns a lot more than I do. / 4 There isnt nothing good on television this evening.
5 The boy had a cut on every knee.
The ball hit him on his head. /
6 We have rarely been somewhere as beautiful as this.
The ball hit him on the head. /
7 He works a lot harder than I.
Dont sit on that chair. One of its legs is broken. / 8 What have you told the others staff?
Dont sit on that chair. One of its legs is broken. / 9 The cupboard was right next to himself.
This car is my brothers-in-law. / 10 Dont drink the whole lemonade by yourself. Offer
This car is my brother-in-laws. / some to your friends.
Those are Ben and Tims bicycles. / 11 She spent all the day talking to customers.
Those are Bens and Tims bicycles. / 12 We all have been invited to Samanthas party.
13 The teacher patted her on her head.
Relax yourself and put your feet up. /
14 That dog is hurt. One of its paws is bleeding.
Relax and put your feet up. /
15 These are Jane and Claires school bags.
I have rarely met someone as polite as Greg. / 16 All my clients files are on the desk.
I have rarely met anyone as polite as Greg. / 17 Ive visited nearly each house on this list.
The girl was wearing a bracelet on every wrist. / 18 This jacket is my fathers-in-law.
The girl was wearing a bracelet on each wrist. / 19 Theres someone here to see you. She must be your
Ive seen nearly each film he has directed. / sister.
Ive seen nearly every film he has directed. / 20 Feel yourself free to ask any question you like.
They all have been to France before. /
They have all been to France before. /
We spent the all week lying on the beach. /
We spent all week lying on the beach. / 3 2 ^ Cross out the unnecessary word.
We spent the whole week lying on the beach. /
She seems to be talking on the telephone the whole 1 The teacher wants all of students to participate in the
time. / concert at the end of term.
She seems to be talking on the telephone all the 2 She concentrated herself on the exam questions.
time. / 3 Neither of the coach nor the players were happy with
There isnt nothing in the fridge. Its empty. / their performance in the game.
There isnt anything in the fridge. Its empty. / 4 They spent the all morning looking for a place to put up
There is nothing in the fridge. Its empty. / their tent.
5 Please,dont hesitate to call any one time you want.
The womens department is on the second floor. /
6 There it seems to be something wrong with the alarm
The womens department is on the second floor. /
system.
All my friends bicycles are better than mine. / 7 Every one citizen has to pay taxes.
All my friends bicycles are better than mine. / 8 Johns sister she got engaged to a young doctor last
The phone book is right in front of yourself. / week.
The phone book is right in front of you. / 9 There she is a woman at the door. It's our new
We have very few milk left. We need to buy some. / neighbour.
We have very little milk left. We need to buy some. / 10 These jumpers are quite expensive, but the others
ones are cheap.
You can buy a sports car or a jeep. Either cars are
11 Some people enjoy playing golf, while others people
fine with me. /
find it very boring.
You can buy a sports car or a jeep. Either car is fine
12 She bought a lots of decorations for the party.
with me. /
13 The meeting was attended by a very few people, and
Where have you put the others bags? / as a result no important decisions were made.
Where have you put the other bags? / 14 If anyone person reveals anything to the press, they
will be fired.
UNIT 11
Pronouns - Possessives - Demonstratives - ?motifiers
Com plete each sentence w ith tw o to five Fill in the gaps with the correct form of
J } w ords, including the w ord in bold. the words in brackets.
1 The only person he didnt send an invitation to was 1 It is ...encouraging... to see so many young people
Margaret. reaching a high level o f .................................. in school.
everyone He sent ...an invitation to everyone... (encourage, achieve)
except Margaret. 2 Brian has a very ......................... mind, and all his work
2 He didnt pay any attention to her complaints. shows great ........................................(create, original)
no He ................................................................. 3 The high ........................ of children at th e ......................
..................................... to her complaints. came as a ............................ surprise, (attend, perform,
3 I asked Emily about the missing ring and I asked her please)
brother too. 4 T h e ......................... have invested in a n .........................
both I asked ......................................................... campaign aiming at ............................................. young
.............................about the missing ring. people from smoking, (govern, advertise, discourage)
4 Hes got little patience with young children. 5 H e r ................................... from the office this week has
much He ................................................................. caused a great deal o f ......................................(absent,
................ patience with young children. inconvenient)
5 Helen wasnt happy with my idea and Peter wasnt, either, 6 He could barely contain his .............................. at the
nor Neither Helen ............................................. ......................... of moving to London, (excite, think)
.................................. happy with my idea. 7 The .......................... stood behind a ...............................
6 When he first saw her, she was sitting alone on a bench, screen during the experiment, in case there was an
by When he first saw her, she ....................... unexpected........................... (invent, protect, explode)
................................................ on a bench. 8 James is the ............................ of a n ...............................
7 There are only a few people who can speak Hungarian, art .......................... which includes some v e ry ...............
many There ........................................................... ................. paintings, (own, extend, collect, value)
............................... can speak Hungarian.
8 She spent all day watching soap operas.
whole She spent ....................................................
.............................watching soap operas. qc Fill in the gaps with the correct preposition
9 He took another persons briefcase by mistake, ^ from the list. Some of the prepositions can
someone He took ........................................................ be used more than once.
................................................. by mistake.
10 She was able to put her clothes on although her arm at, by, for, in, on, out of, off, under, within, before,
from
was bandaged.
dress She was able to ......................................... 1 We met Alice ... ty... chance when we were shopping in
...........although her arm was bandaged. town.
11 People dont understand me when I speak Arabic, 2 I hadn't seen Mark for years, but I recognised him
m yself I cant ........................................................... ............... sight.
................................ when I speak Arabic. 3 You should never take your frie n d s ............... granted.
12 I hope you have a good time at the party, 4 In her jeans and T-shirt, Kate fe lt ...............place in the
yourself I hope .......................................................... expensive restaurant.
................................................ at the party. 5 This room i s ............... limits to students.
13 It takes me an hour to drive from my house to the airport, 6 We called the police and they arrived ................
drive It is ............................................................... minutes.
.................. from my house to the airport. 7 Policemen usually wear uniforms when they are
14 He said that I could borrow whatever I wanted as long ............... duty.
as I returned it. 8 She wants to be by h e rs e lf............... the time being.
anything He said that I .............................................. 9 She put her jewellery in a locked d ra w e r............... safe
.............................as long as I returned it. keeping.
15 It was clear that the three boys knew nothing about the 10 We walked up the stairs, as the lift w a s ............... order.
theft. 11 He used to live in the city centre but now he lives
of It was clear that .......................................... ............... the suburbs.
................ knew anything about the theft. 12 The teacher gave us our exam results ............... the
16 I enjoy spending time alone sometimes. beginning of the lesson.
on I enjoy spending ........................................ 13 I can see smoke in the sky. Something must be
................................................. sometimes. ............... fire.
17 John will help you, or else Martin will. 14 I lent Adam my c a r ............... condition that he drove
or E ith e r................................... will help you. carefully.
177
UNIT 11
Pronoj Possessives - Demonstratives - Quantifiers
Stuart never feels ............... ease when his boss is in Michael takes ............... his mother. Theyve both got
the room. brown hair and green eyes.
16 I promise to be more c a re fu l...............now on. Ian's wife s to o d ...............him when he lost his job two
17 Its getting late. We will have to le a v e ...............long. months ago.
18 He didnt have any cash with him, so he p a id ............... Once the cold weather s e ts ................well be glad of
cheque. the fire in the living room.
19 This product has only b e e n ............... the market for a Lesleys business is really ta k in g ................. Shes had
few months.
lots of orders.
20 John is in bed. He is fe e lin g ............... the weather.
The chef s e t............... some strawberries to put on top
of the cake.
P h ra s a l V e rb s 8 The letters UN s ta n d ............... United Nations.
(tr) save for a special purpose; set 9 I have decided to take ............... aerobics because I
set aside:
by want to get fit.
set in: (int) (of weather) start and seem 10 Im sorry. I ta k e ............... everything I said about this
likely to continue restaurant. The meal was delicious.
set off: (int) start a journey 11 The group set ............... on their journey, wondering
set out: 1) (int) begin a journey, 2) intend what adventures lay ahead.
(to do sth) 12 Of all the essays, that one s ta n d s ...............because it
set up: (tr) start a business is very well-written.
stand by: (tr) support sb esp in difficulties 13 The teacher to o k ...............the boys football and put it
stand for: (tr) be an abbreviation for in the cupboard.
stand in for: (tr) replace sb temporarily 14 No one was ta k e n ............... by her clever lies.
stand out: (int) be noticeable 15 He stood me ............... last night, so Im very angry
stand up: fail to meet (sb) with him.
stand up for: (tr) support sb or sth 16 By the end of the day, Jack had done everything he set
stand up to: (tr) resist; defend oneself against ............... to do.
(sb) without fear 17 You ought to stand ............... your boss. Im sure he
take after: (tr) look or act like a relative; will respect you for it.
resemble 18 I took him ..............his dinner invitation, and we went
take away: (tr) 1) remove, 2) seize from people to a lovely restaurant.
take back: (tr) admit saying sth wrong 19 When their camping trip was over, the girls to o k ..............
take down: (tr) separate into pieces so as to their tent and put it away carefully.
repair or remove 20 The factory is ta k in g ...............more employees at the
take in: (tr) make clothes narrower (opp: let out) moment.
take off: 1) (tr) remove clothes (opp: put on), 21 Work ta k e s ............... most of my time these days.
2) (int) (of planes) leave the ground, 22 Amanda has recently set ................ her own
3) (int) start to improve accountancy business.
take time off: be allowed not to go to work for a 23 I bought this skirt but its too wide. Could you take it
short period of time
............... a little bit, please?
take on: (tr) employ
24 My husband took m e ...............for a meal last night to
take out: (tr) remove; extract
celebrate our anniversary.
take sb out: (tr) take sb to a restaurant, etc.
25 I to o k ............... my jacket and hung it in the wardrobe.
take over: (tr) gain control of sth
26 You ought to s ta n d ............... yourself. Dont let anyone
take to: (tr) like
take up: (tr) 1) begin a hobby, sport, job, intimidate you.
2) fill (time, space) 27 The company is being taken ...............by a very large
take up on: (tr) accept sbs offer or invitation firm.
be taken aback: be strongly surprised 28 Im taking some time ............... next month. I need a
be taken in: be deceived holiday.
29 Jenny hasnt really taken ............... her new school.
Shes not at all happy.
30 Alex was ta k e n ...............when he heard the news.
36> Fill in the correct particle.
31 I offered to stand ............... Emily yesterday, because
she was ill.
1 The dentist took ...out... one of my teeth last month. 32 If youve finished lunch, Ill take your p la te .................
2 Tom s e t ...............on his voyage, full of excitement. 33 The plane sped along the runway and to o k .................
178
UNIT 11
Pronouns - Possessives - Demonstratives - ftmntifiers
Q R A f .
179
Words often Confused
W lw
How many
people are there in
the picture?
Is she a scientist? Five.
Yes, she is. Where are they? In
Does she work the kitchen.
hard? What are they doing?'
Yes, she does. Theyre having lunch.
Questions with Yes/No answers begin with an Wh- questions begin with a question word such as
auxiliary or modal verb (is, are, do, does, can, etc.) who, what, where, when, etc. We put the auxiliary or
which is followed by the subject. We usually modal verb before the subject.
answer these questions with Yes or No.
e.g. Are you upset? Yes, / am. question w ord + auxiliary/modal + subject
Need I say more? No, you neednt.
When the main verb of the sentence is in the Who is used without a noun to ask about people.
present simple, we form the question with do or e.g. Who called while I was out? Your mother.
does. When the main verb is in the past simple, we Whose is used to ask about possession.
form the question with did. e.g. Whose is this car/car is this? I t s Teds.
e.g. Does Peter go out often? No, he doesnt. What is used alone or before a noun to ask about
Did you talk to John? Yes, I did. things.
e.g. What caused the fire? Faulty wiring.
We use short answers to avoid repetition of the What size shoes do you wear?
question asked before. Positive short answers are What is also used to ask about people, animals or
formed with Yes + personal pronoun + auxiliary things when there is an unlimited choice of answers.
verb. Negative short answers are formed with e.g. What music do you prefer listening to? (There are
No + personal pronoun + negative auxiliary verb. many kinds of music to choose from. - unlimited
e.g. Have you finished? Yes, / have. choice)
Did you see that film? No, I did n t. Which is used alone, or before nouns, one/ones
or of, to ask about people, animals or things.
e.g. Which is your house?IWhich house is yours?
Which one do you want to buy? The red one.
4 W rite q u e s tio n s an d a n s w e rs for the
^ following statem ents, as in the example. Which of those boys is your son?
Which is normally used when there is only a limited
1 Sam was hungry when he reached the restaurant. choice of answers.
...Was 5am hungry when he reached the restaurant? e.g. W hich hotel are you going to stay at - the Park
Yes, he was,... Hotel or the Kings Hotel? ( There are only two
2 They should concentrate in class. hotels to choose from. - limited choice.)
Which is also used with com parative and
3 She cant speak any foreign languages. superlative forms.
e.g. Which is faster, a cheetah or an ostrich?
4 They have to work overtime. Which is the best thing to do?
Where
5 The boss was angry when Stuart arrived late.
e.g. Where have you put my shoes? Under your bed.
6 The children didnt enjoy the film.
When
e.g. When will you be back? Next week.
7 She wanted to go to the supermarket.
Why
e.g. Why did you throw away the milk? Because it
8 The train leaves at half past six. had gone off.
180
Questions and Answers - Words
rds o fte r ^ S u ^ ^ O
How is used alone or before an adjective/adverb. 3 A Write questions to w hich the words in bold
e.g. a) How was the party?' Excellent. ^ are the answers.
b) How old is your daughter?' Shes three.
c) How far can a kangaroo jump?' A long way. 1 They live near the beach.
How long ...Where do they live?...
e.g. How long does it take you to get to work?' 2 It takes ten minutes to drive to the supermarket.
Twenty minutes.
How long ago 3 George is selfish.
e.g. How long ago did he graduate?
Six years ago. 4 Mary is tall, with dark hair and green eyes.
How often
e.g. How often do you exercise? Every day. 5 I go swimming twice a week.
How much is used with uncountable nouns.
e.g. How much money did he spend? A lot.' 6 The joke made them laugh.
How many is used with countable nouns.
e.g. How many biscuits did you eat? A whole packet 7 They are Miss Drakes books.
181
s and Answers
Ans - Words often Confused
7 Stacey has bought a new bag.
S u b [|ifi / O b [ e d
i -n , > 8 1 like the blue jumper best.
182
Questions and Answers - Words
rds o fte J ^ O T l^ ^ J
8 Could you not do anything to help him? 1 Who left this bag here?
Do you know ...who le ft thie bag here?....
2 Who is that woman?
We need to find out ......................................
Q Make negative questions using the words 3 What time does the next train leave?
given, as in the example. Can you tell me .............................................
4 How much does this dress cost?
1 A: Im really tired today. Could you tell m e ..........................................
B: Why? ...Didn't you go... (go) to bed early last night? 5 Where does Mary live?
2 A: ................................................ (know) what time the I dont know ..................................................
film starts? 6 Are the police investigating the robbery?
B: Have you any idea .......................................
3 A: 7 Did the caller leave a message?
B: Id like to find out .........................................
4 A: 8 Is he the manager?
B: Id like to know .............................................
5 A: 9 Who reported the crime?
B: Do you know ................................................
6 A: 10 How did they find the missing jewellery?
B: Have you any idea .......................................
m
s and An<
Answers - Words often Confused
<s' o K e l i ilL-L / N.0L I iliin k so /
We use: U lu a t l e k ! i z - i'L Y .
184
Questions and Answers - Words
rds o t t e i ^ M [ ^ ^
Q u c a m o i i l o o s L lto L U l l 'L O U
185
UNIT 12
Questj is and Answers - Words often Confused
187
s and Answers
Ans> - Words often Confused
2 ^ Fill in the blanks with the correct form of
XJ ^ the words in brackets.
188
rds o f t e i ^ ^ a ^ ^ n
Questions and Answers - Words
Q R A j.
sion Box A c tiv ity
It is Charlottes first day at school and Ian is showing
her around. Use question words from the list and the
prompts below to ask and answer questions, as in the
25^ Choose the correct answer. example.
how, how long, how much, how many, where, when, why,
This is a nice room.' which/what
Yes. Its the one ....?... weve just redecorated. e.g. Charlotte: How long have you been at this school?
A who B which C when Ian: Since I was seven years old.
Did you know that Ted is getting married?
Yes. H e .............me last week.
A tell B said C told
Have you seen your brother recently?
Yes. I s a w ........... yesterday.
A it B her C him
There is someone here to see you, sir.
Good. S e n d .............in.
A they B them C their
Tm afraid I cant come to your party.
Oh no! Y o u .............to come ages ago!
A promised B refused C denied
What a beautiful day!
f 1 you / be / at this school ? since / 1/ be / seven years
Yes, it is, but its .............colder than yesterday.
A little B a few C a little old
r 2 I / put my coat ? in / cloakroom
Did you ask Harry about the missing money?
Yes. H e .............to having taken it. , 3 children / be / in my class ? twenty
A agreed B accused C admitted V 4 we / have exams ? once a year
5 homework / the teachers give us ? not too much
This cake tastes very sweet.
I think I p u t .............sugar in it. 6 we / have lunch ? at twelve o'clock
A too much B too many C a lot 7 the teacher / take register ? make sure / everyone /
be / here
Do you know that man?
Yes. Hes the m a n ............sister lives next door to me. 8 I / get to my classroom? I / take / you there
A who B whose C which
10 Shall I take my coat with me?
Yes. Take i t .............it gets cold later.
A in case B in spite C whereas
11 What did the doctor tell you?
- 1 - 1 o
H e .............me to go on a diet. ^ " " ' A c t i v i t y
A suggested B advised C explained
Charlotte also asked Ian some other questions. Look
12 The sun is very bright today. at the p ro m p ts and w rite out her q u e s tio n s and
I know. Thats .............Im wearing sunglasses. suggest suitable replies.
A where B why C when
play / during / break?
13 ..............is your house?
eat / in classrooms?
Its the one with the red door.
eat lunch?
A Where B Who C Which
your favourite subject?
14 Laura is getting engaged next week.' class / you / be in?
Then, that must be the reason .............she looks so your / favourite teacher?
happy. the / headmasters / name?
A which B why C who school / finish?
189
UNIT 12
Words often Confused
4 ^ ^ in good o r well.
1 They moved to this neighbourhood two y e a rs ..............
2 I have seen this film ....................
1 If youre ................... at school today, well go to the
3 In 1996 she finished the degree which she had started
park later.
four y e a rs ......................
2 They sing v e ry ................. together, dont they?
4 He took up cycling ten y e a rs ......................
3 Be a ................. girl at school today.
4 After eating four burgers, he didnt fe e l..................
beside - besides 5 Did Adam d o ................... in the test?
beside (prep) next to hard - hardly
e.g. The sofa is beside the fireplace in
my house. hard (adj) difficult, vigorous
besides (prep) also, in addition to e.g. Tom found the exam very hard, and
e.g. Besides buying us dinner last night, thats why he failed it.
he paid for the theatre tickets. hardly (adv) barely
e.g. It was so hot last night that I hardly
slept at all.
2 Fill in beside or besides.
190
UNIT 12
Words often Confused
used to refers to past habits and states except for (prep) not including, apart from (usually
e.g. I used to exercise every day, but I followed by a noun or -ing form)
don't any more. e.g. Except for the security guard,
the building was empty.
be used to refers to an action which has been done
so often that is very familiar to the person apart from (prep) not including (usually followed by a
involved noun or -ing form)
e.g. Joan is used to getting up early in the e.g. Apart from washing the car,
mornings. what else have you done today?
1 T h e y ....................................... live by the sea, but now 1 We got cards from e veryon e ...........................for Alec.
they live in the city. 2 from the singing of the birds, everything
2 W e ....................................... meet for lunch every day. was quiet.
but we don't any more. 3 I didn't like the idea of working for that company;
3 They ............................................... being on their own. .........................the salary wasn't good enough.
4 Tom ..................................... working night shifts now, 4 She locked every d o o r ............................the fire exit.
although he found it hard at the beginning. 5 from Pauline, everyone at the meeting
agreed with the plan.
affect - effect 6 Let's get a taxi since it's raining................................
weve already missed the last bus.
affect (v) to influence sth/sb 7 Every guest came on tim e .........................Claire.
e.g. The closing down of the factory 8 going shopping, what else shall we do
affected many families in the town.
on Saturday?
effect (n) result; change produced by an action or 9 I'm going to bed because I'm tired..........................it's
a cause. very late.
e.g. The effects of pollution can be seen
all over the world. bring - take
191
UNIT 12
Words often Confused
lis te n - h e a r
11 Fill in bring or take in the correct form.
listen to (v) to hear intentionally
e.g. They listened to the news broad
1 P le ase................... this box outside to the garden. cast on the radio.
2 me a chair from the kitchen, pjease.
3 He ..................... the children to play in the park hear (v) to perceive sounds with the ears
yesterday evening. e.g. Susan heard someone calling for
4 Will you ...................... me the dishes from the dining help.
room, please?
until (prep) before the time when something happens 1 You m u s t................................... carefully or you w ont
and not after it know what to do.
e.g. He worked for this company until 2 I think I ................................................. a noise outside.
he retired. 3 Please speak louder, I cant ................................. you.
by (prep) no later than a specified time 4 Tom .................................... to music every evening to
e.g. You must finish the report by Friday help him relax.
afternoon.
on tim e - in tim e
E x p re s s io n s w ith M ake
1 They have known each o th e r................ many years.
2 He hasnt heard from A lic e .................... last summer. an appointment, an arrangement, the beds, a cake,
3 Janet hasnt written to J o h n .................... January. changes, coffee, a decision, a discovery, an effort, an
4 I have been waiting for the tr a in ................... an hour. excuse, a fortune, an impression, a joke, a mess, a mistake,
5 I have been good friends with James money, a noise, an offer, peace, preparations, progress,
we were at school together. sure, trouble, war, up ones mind, etc.
192
UNIT 12
Words often Confused
in the initially. This suggests further change, 5 You cant treat people ................................. you want;
beginning e.g. He thought German was hard in you must always take their feelings into consideration.
the beginning, but now he finds it
easy. all ready - already
all ready everyone prepared
at the end at the furthest or last part of sth e.g. The children are all ready to go.
e.g. At the end of the day I like to relax
already (adv) by this time
in front of the TV.
e.g. By the time I got there, the train had
already left.
in the end at last, finally, when everything is taken
into consideration
e.g. I was going to take the bus home,
but in the end I got a taxi. i 9 > F ill in all ready or already.
195
Revision 4 (Units l - 12)
18 That is the right a n sw e r,.............?
1 ^^ Choose the correct answer. A isnt it B wasnt it C is it
1 ...C... time have we got before the train leaves? 19 .............painted this beautiful picture?
A How B How many C How much A Who B What C Where
2 He cut his finger while h e .............some wood. 20 If you had studied more, y o u .............the exam.
A chopped B is chopping C was chopping A would pass B will pass
C would have passed
3 She was very tir e d ,.............she couldnt sleep.
A although B despite C yet 21 He cant decide w h o .............to his birthday party.
A to invite B invite C inviting
4 is that letter I wrote? Have you seen it?
A Where B Who C What 22 I tried on two pairs of trousers, b u t ........ of them fitted
me.
5 When we lived by the sea, w e .............to swim every A both B neither C either
morning.
A were used B got used C used 23 I dont like bananas. ..............
A Neither I do B Neither do I C So do I
6 I love ro s e s ,............my sister loves carnations.
A when B whereas C wherever 24 Hes tired. H e .............properly for days.
A hasnt slept B didnt sleep C doesnt sleep
7 S h e .............get a job as a teacher. She loves children.
A ought B can C might 25 They own a m o to rb o a t,.............?
A do they B they dont C dont they
8 We waved g o o d b y e .............the car was out of sight.
A while B until C by the time 26 If I had a bigger flat, I .............a party.
A have B will have C would have
9 He slept for eight h o u rs ,.............he was still tired.
A in spite B but C although 27 He .............be famous. Ive never heard of him.
A must B cant C mustnt
10 I love going to the beach. ..............
A Neither do I B So do I C So I do 28 I h a v e .............received a letter from my pen-friend.
A just B yet C still
11 Ive m a d e ............biscuits. Would you like one?
A some B any C no 29 When I opened the door, there wasnt .............there.
A someone B no one C anyone
12 W e .............go out to dinner, if you like.
A should B could C might 30 Chris is t h e .............person I have ever met.
A patient B more patient C most patient
13 I th in k .............has been reading my diary.
A no one B someone C anyone 31 I live in the city, so I .............to busy traffic.
A am used B get used C used
14 They .............. havent finished building the new
supermarket. 32 Im hungry. I havent h a d .............to eat all day.
A still B yet C just A something B nothing C anything
15 By the time the rain stopped, w e .............two pols of 33 When I buy a new house, I .............every room myself.
coffee. A paint B will paint C would paint
A have drunk B had drunk
C had been drinking 34 We must run to the cinema. The film ............. in five
minutes.
16 we have a barbecue this evening? A starts B is starting C will start
A Shall B Will C Mustnt
35 Its no u s e .............about the exam results. Youll know
17 Were going to the th e a tre .............a play. soon enough.
A see B to see C seeing A worry B to worry C worrying
194
Revision 4 (Units 1 - 12)
36 We are thinking a b o u t............a new car.
a Write questions to w hich the words in
A buy B to buy C buying ^ j bold are the answers.
5 She will have typed all the letters by five o clock. 3 I must get someone to clean the windows.
6 They are interviewing two candidates at the moment. 4 His fence was built by a carpenter.
7 He has torn his shirt again. 5 The hairdresser is styling Lucys hair.
8 Mark feeds the dogs every morning. 6 The doctor has bandaged his arm for him.
9 We shouldnt reveal anything to the press. 7 The dentist was checking Tom s teeth.
10 Where have they sent those parcels to? 8 The cleaner had washed the floor for me.
11 People think that he will win the race. 9 Its worth asking someone to repair the roof.
12 I object to her taking my books without permission. 10 The builders will be building the wall for him.
15 They saw him talking to the manager. 1 He is very ill. He cant go to work.
He is ...too ill to go to work...
16 Who took that beautiful photo? 2 She has got a lot of time. She can have a cup of tea.
She has g o t ......................................................................
17 When did they open their shop? 3 This meat is very tough. I cant cut it.
This meat i s ......................................................................
195
Revision 4 (Units l - 12)
4 These bags are very heavy. He cant carry them. 8 Tm the prettiest girl at the party, said Emma.
These bags are .................................................................
5 We have got a lot of money. We can go out to dinner. 9 She said to him, Open the window, please.
We have g o t ......................................................................
6 I have made a lot of food. I can feed all the guests. 10 Dont forget to set the alarm, Mary said to Liz.
I have m a d e .......................................................................
7 Sarah is beautiful. She could be a model. 11 You ruined my dress, she said to her sister.
Sarah is ..............................................................................
8 Adam is very young. He cant drive a car. 12 Karen said, You should do some revision.
Adam i s ...............................................................................
9 Its very cold outside. You cant wear shorts. 13 It was me who crashed the car, Sophie said.
Its .......................................................................................
10 Peter is very clever. He can pass his exams. 14 Children, stand up! said the headmistress.
Peter i s ................................................................................
15 Dont touch this button, the scientist said to them.
5 He said, Shall we go shopping? 4 Katie locked the doors before she went to the shop.
6 I didnt break your stereo, he said to me. 5 Because he felt ill, Stuart went to the doctors.
7 He said to her, Please, please dont go without me. 6 The boy who is wearing a hat is Nicholas.
196
Revision 4 (Units 1 - 12)
7 The files which were stored on that disk were very Fill in th e gaps w ith some, any, no or one of
important. 12 > th e ir com pounds.
8 After Caroline had made the beds, she went to work. A: Are you doing ...anything ... at the weekend?
B: No, I havent made any plans yet.
9 Because he had overslept, he had to take a taxi to the A: I think theres ........................else in this envelope.
office. B: Take it out and see what it is.
A: Are you off work next week?
10 Robin got oil on his shirt while he was fixing his bike. B: Yes, but Im not going ............................. Im going
to stay at home.
11 Rachel picked up a book and started to read. A: The meal was a great success last night.
B: I know. There w a s ...................food left over, either.
12 Oliver was sitting on a bench and he was watching the A: Wheres David?
football match. B: Hes g o n e .......................................with his brother.
A: Did you enjoy your visit to the museum?
B: Yes, but there w a s ............................to tell us about
.^ Put the verbs in brackets into the correct the exhibits.
10^ tense. A: Theres ......................................at the door for you.
B: Who is it?
A: I s .................................. wrong?
1 If only I ...had done ... (do) some of this work yesterday.
B: Not really. Im just very tired.
2 I wish I .................................. (afford) to buy some new
A: The bus was really crowded today. There was .........
clothes.
................ to sit.
3 If only he ................................................ (talk) so much.
B: I know. I wish I had my own car.
4 I wish she .......................(not/leave) so early last night.
10 A: Can I b o rro w ................... sugar from you, please?
5 I wish they .........................................(visit) more often.
B: Yes, of course. How much do you need?
6 If only we ......................................... (not/miss) the train.
7 If only you ...................... (ask) me to help you before.
8 I wish I ........................................(have) more free time. 1$ U nderline th e c o rre c t answ er.
9 If only w e ...................... (not/have) to go to work today.
10 I wish s h e ................................ (tell) me what is wrong.
1 There/It/One were lots of people at the opening
ceremony last night.
Put th e verbs in b ra c k e ts in to th e c o rre c t 2 Hes faster than I am, but Im cleverer than he/him/his.
11 tense. 3 They always take off they/them/their shoes before going
upstairs.
1 I ...am going... (go) to the beach tomorrow. Would you 4 The ball bounced up and hit her on th e /h e r/- head.
like to come? 5 Our neighbours designed their house themselves/
2 We ............................................(think) about moving to ourselveslthey.
the city recently. 6 This/That/These man over there is my teacher.
3 Hurry up! The lesson .......................................(start) in 7 Your room is a mess! Put everywhere I everyone Ievery
five minutes. thing away immediately!
4 I'm starving! I ........................................ (not/eat) a thing 8 I haven't got many/little/much money, so I wont go out
all day. tonight.
5 I'm afraid y o u .......................................(not/get) the job
unless you look smart.
6 Dont make too much noise when you come in. We .... 14 U n d e rlin e th e c o rre c t p re p o sitio n .
.............................................. (sleep).
7 I saw David as I .............................. (do) the shopping. This flat is small, but it will do from lbylfor the time being.
He looked well. He gave a speech in/on/for behalf of the class.
8 He said he ........................................(help) me with my At/In/By the end of the concert, the orchestra took a bow.
homework if he has time. I will give you the job on/in/under condition that you
9 How long ................................................(you/work) as a work hard.
waiter?' Since I was sixteen. Your assignments must be given in tomorrow atlunder/
10 We can't leave until the taxi ............................. (arrive). without fail.
11 Mum ................................ (make) a cake this morning. This calendar is out/out of/of date. I need a new one.
Would you like some? The policeman wasn't at/in/on duty, but he still helped us.
12 (you/go) to the library today? Its too late to go to the cinema. The film will have
I need to return some books. started by/for/from now.
197
Revision 4 (Units l - 12)
9 He has been out of/oflout work for six months now. 6 I invited Sam to the party. I also invited Andrew,
10 It is against/for/by the law to leave school before the both I in v ite d ..........................................................
age of 16. to the party.
11 I found this book off/by/with chance when I was 7 Take some money with you. You might want to buy
tidying the attic. something.
12 She takes her parents for/off/by granted. case Take some money with y o u .......................
13 It was raining and the sun was shining in/at/for the ......................................to buy something.
same time. 8 She stayed up late because she wanted to finish some
14 I dont know by/in/for certain, but I think the boss is on work.
holiday. so She stayed up la te ......................................
15 He deleted the file from the computer on/at/by mistake. .................................................. some work.
9 There were many people at the meeting. Some of them
were important clients.
4 e Fill in the gaps with the correct particle
w hom There were many people at the meeting,
j0 ' from the list.
............................... were important clients.
up, in, down, off, out, for, on 10 This is Andrea. Her parents live in Spain.
w hose This is Andrea ..............................................
1 When the plane eventually took ...off..., the passengers in Spain.
cheered. 11 The river had flooded because of the heavy rain,
2 I hear your company are ta k in g ............... new staff. due The river had flooded .................................
3 My watch had r u n ............... so I was late for work. .................................................. heavy rain.
4 HRH s ta n d s ............... Her Royal Highness. 12 He has little time in which to relax.
5 Can you tu r n ............... the television? I cant hear it. much H e ................................... in which to relax.
6 The children worked ................ a great deal of
excitement before the party. 13 He went to the theatre alone in the end.
7 We saw the happy c o u p le ...........on their honeymoon, on He went to the th e a tre ................................
then went home. .....................................................in the end.
8 She had to ta k e ............... her skirts and trousers after 14 There are only a few people waiting for the train,
her diet. many There .............................................................
9 Leaving all the lights on is a sure way to r u n ............... waiting for the train.
a huge electricity bill. 15 Having run to school, Steven was out of breath,
10 Ive been working hard all day and Im w o rn ................ because Steven was out of breath ..........................
11 Clive has ta k e n ............... jogging in order to keep fit. ......................................................to school.
12 He was whistling as he s e t............... on his journey. 16 We spent all afternoon printing those files.
13 Can you tu r n ............... the lamp? Its getting dark. w hole We s p e n t......................................................
14 The dark clouds gathered and the rain s e t................. printing those files.
15 The man in the dark suit turned ............... to be our 17 The film was so funny that we laughed all the way
new boss. through.
such It .......................................................that we
laughed all the way through.
j Com plete each sentence with two to
* five words, including the word in bold. 18 I find people dropping litter disgusting.
that I find ..........................................disgusting.
19 No one understood me when I tried to explain the
1 I hope you will behave well at the party.
problem.
yo u rse lf I hope ...you will behave y o u rs e lf.. at the
m yself I couldnt ......................................................
party.
when I tried to explain the problem.
2 I saw Louise walking alone in the park.
20 It seemed that the two women knew nothing about the
by I saw Louise ..................................................
incident.
in the park.
of It seemed t h a t ..............................................
3 He looked like he hadnt eaten for days.
...........knew anything about the incident.
if He looked .....................................................
eaten for days.
4 It takes half an hour to walk from my house to the Fill in the correct form of the word in bra-
office. 1 7' ckets.
walk It i s ..................................................................
from my house to the office. 1 Being a doctor is a very demanding ...occupation...
5 Thats the hospital where I was born. (occupy).
in Thats the hospital ....................................... 2 It is very .................................................. of you to mind
I was born. the baby for me. (help)
198
Revision 4 (Units 1 - 12)
3 We were woken up by a .................................................. 3 .............we invite Liz and Tony for dinner tomorrow?
in the street, (disturb) Yes. Lets ask Keith and Lesley, too.
4 Seeing his best friends at the party increased his A Would B Will C Shall
..................... of the evening, (enjoy)
5 Eating more fresh fruit would be ................................... 4 T hat man is my biology teacher.
to your health, (benefit) H e .............be a teacher. He looks much too young.
6 My father is a v e r y .................................. businessman. A neednt B cant C mustnt
(succeed)
7 I am running out o f ..........................with you! (patient) 5 I think this plant is dying and I dont know what to do.
8 The .................................................. of the block of flats Y o u .............water it more often, I think.
took less than a week, (destroy) A would B might C should
9 He is in hospital having a m in o r................... (operate)
10 It was very ......................................of you to visit me in 6 Would you like to come to the cinema tonight?
hospital, (thought) Sorry, I cant. My boss says I ............ work late tonight.
11 The manager has reached a .......................................... A have to B mustnt C might
about which candidate to employ, (decide)
12 Winning the competition was quite an .......................... 7 .............I help you, madam?
for him. (achieve) Yes. Im looking for the customer service department.
13 She has to wear ......................................clothing when A Should B Must C May
she is working, (protect)
14 Despite his firm ......................................., I still think he 8 .............I see you in my office, please?
is guilty, (deny) Certainly, Mrs Simpson.
15 It would be .......................................to be more careful A Must B Could C Would
in future, (advise)
16 Michael won second prize in the school art ................ 9 Shall I get some more salt at the supermarket?
...............(compete) No, y o u ............... Theres plenty.
A neednt B mustnt C couldnt
1 Did you speak to Carol before she left? 15 .............you pick me up from work today, please?
No, but I leave a message with her secretary. Yes. Ill be there at 5 o clock.
A couldnt B was able to C would A Will B Shall C May
199
Irregular Verbs
Infinitive Past Past Participle Infinitive Past Past Participle
be was been let let let
bear bore born(e) lie lay lain
beat beat beaten light lit lit
become became become lose lost lost
begin began begun make made made
bite bit bitten mean meant meant
blow blew blown meet met met
break broke broken pay paid paid
bring brought brought put put put
build built built
read read read
burn burnt (burned) burnt (burned)
ride rode ridden
burst burst burst
ring rang rung
buy bought bought
rise rose risen
can could (been able to) run ran run
catch caught caught say said said
choose chose chosen see saw seen
come came come seek sought sought
cost cost cost sell sold sold
cut cut cut send sent sent
deal dealt dealt set set set
dig dug dug sew sewed sewn
do did done shake shook shaken
draw drew drawn shine shone shone
dream dreamt (dreamed) dreamt (dreamed) shoot shot shot
drink drank drunk show showed shown
drive drove driven shut shut shut
sing sang sung
eat ate eaten
sit sat sat
fall fell fallen sleep slept slept
feed fed fed smell smelt (smelled) smelt (smelled)
feel felt felt speak spoke spoken
fight fought fought spell spelt (spelled) spelt (spelled)
find found found spend spent spent
fly flew flown spill spilt spilt
forbid forbade forbidden split split split
forget forgot forgotten spoil spoilt (spoiled) spoilt (spoiled)
forgive forgave forgiven spread spread spread
freeze froze frozen spring sprang sprung
stand stood stood
get got got
steal stole stolen
give gave given
stick stuck stuck
go went gone
sting stung stung
grow grew grown
strike struck struck
hang hung (hanged) hung (hanged) swear swore sworn
have had had sweep swept swept
hear heard heard swim swam swum
hide hid hidden take took taken
hit hit hit teach taught taught
hold held held tear tore torn
hurt hurt hurt tell told told
keep kept kept think thought thought
know knew known throw threw thrown
lay laid laid understand understood understood
lead led led wake woke woken
learn learnt (learned) learnt (learned) wear wore worn
leave left left win won won
lend lent lent write wrote written
200
APPENDICES
Appendix 1
Present Simple 3) Verbs ending in -I, double the -I and take the -ing
suffix.
1) Most verbs take -s in the third person singular. quarel - quarelling
I run - he runs 4) Verbs ending in -ie, drop the -ie and take
2) Verbs ending in -ss, -sh, -ch, -x and -o, take -es. -y + Ing.
I kiss - he kisses, I brush - he brushes, I teach - he lie - lying
teaches, I fix - he fixes, I go - he goes
3) Verbs ending in a consonant + y, drop the -y and Past Simple
take -ies.
I fry - he fries 1) Verbs ending in -e, take only -d.
4) Verbs ending in a vowel + y, take -s. improve - improved
I play - he plays 2) Verbs ending in a consonant + y, drop the -y and
take -ied.
Present Continuous try - tried
3) Verbs ending in a vowel + y, take -ed.
1) Verbs ending in -e, drop the -e and take the -ing pray - prayed
suffix. 4) Verbs ending in one stressed vowel between two
starve - starving but see - seeing consonants, double the last consonant and take -
2) Verbs ending in one stressed vowel between two ed.
consonants, double the last consonant and take the rub - rubbed but open - opened
-ing suffix. 5) Verbs ending in -I, double the -I and take -ed.
rub - rubbing but open - opening travel - travelled
Appendix 2
I clean I don t clean I am cleaning Im not cleaning I w ill clean I w ont clean
You clean You dont clean You are cleaning You arent cleaning You will clean You w ont clean
He cleans He doesnt clean etc. He is cleaning He isnt cleaning etc. He will clean He w ont clean etc.
She cleans She is cleaning She will clean
Interrogative Interrogative Interrogative
It cleans It is cleaning It will clean
We clean Do I clean? We are cleaning Am I cleaning? We will clean W ill I clean?
You clean Do you clean? You are cleaning Are you cleaning? You will clean Will you clean?
They clean Does he clean? etc. They are cleaning Is he cleaning? etc. They will clean Will he clean? etc.
I w ill be cleaning I w ont be cleaning I w ill have cleaned I w ont have cleaned
You will be cleaning You w ont be cleaning You will have cleaned You w ont have cleaned
He will be cleaning He won t be cleaning etc. He will have cleaned He w ont have cleaned etc.
She will be cleaning She will have cleaned
Interrogative Interrogative
It will be cleaning It will have cleaned
We will be cleaning Will I be cleaning? We will have cleaned Will I have cleaned?
You will be cleaning Will you be cleaning? You will have cleaned Will you have cleaned?
They will be cleaning Will he be cleaning? etc. They will have cleaned Will he have cleaned? etc.
20?
Future Perfect Continuous
Affirmative Negative
1have cleaned 1 havent cleaned 1have been cleaning 1 havent been cleaning
You have cleaned You havent cleaned You have been cleaning You havent been cleaning
He has cleaned He hasnt cleaned etc. He has been cleaning He hasnt been cleaning etc.
She has cleaned She has been cleaning
Interrogative Interrogative
It has cleaned It has been cleaning
We have cleaned Have 1cleaned? We have been cleaning Have 1 been cleaning?
You have cleaned Have you cleaned? You have been cleaning Have you been cleaning?
They have cleaned Has he cleaned? etc. They have been cleaning Has he been cleaning? etc.
1 had cleaned 1 hadnt cleaned 1 had been cleaning 1 hadnt been cleaning
You had cleaned You hadnt cleaned You had been cleaning You hadnt been cleaning
He had cleaned He hadnt cleaned etc. He had been cleaning He hadnt been cleaning etc.
She had cleaned She had been cleaning
Interrogative Interrogative
It had cleaned It had been cleaning
We had cleaned Had 1cleaned? We had been cleaning Had 1been cleaning?
You had cleaned Had you cleaned? You had been cleaning Had you been cleaning?
They had cleaned Had he cleaned? etc. They had been cleaning Had he been cleaning? etc.
204
Appendix 3
bad at (adj) (but: He was benefit from (v) bored with/of (adj)
very bad to me.) bet on (v) borrow sth from sb (v)
base on (v) beware of (v) brilliant at (adj)
basis for (n) (put the) blame on sb (n) bump into (v)
beg for (v) blame sb for sth (v) busy with (adj)
begin with (v) blame sth on sb (v)
believe in (v) boast about/of (v)
call at/on (phr v) collide with (v) contact between (n) (but: in
call for (= demand) (phr v) comment on (v) contact with)
campaign against/for (v) communicate with (v) content with (adj)
capable of (adj) compare with (v) (how people and contrary to (prep)
care about (v) things are alike and how they are contrast with (v)
care for sb (v) (= like) different) contribute to (v)
(take) care of (n) compare to (v) (show the likeness convert to/into (v)
care for sth (v) (= like to between sb/sth and sb/sth else) cope with (v)
do sth) comparison between (n) correspond to/with (v)
careful of (adj) complain of (v) (= suffer from) count against (v)
careless about (adj) complain to sb about sth (v) count on sb (phr v)
cause of (n) (= be annoyed at) cover in/with (v)
certain of (adj) compliment sb on (v) covered in/with (adj)
change into (v) comply with (v) crash into (v)
characteristic of (n/adj) conceal sth from sb (v) (have) a craving for sth (n)
charge for (v) concentrate on (v) crazy about (adj)
charge sb with (v) (have) confidence in sb (n) crowded with (adj)
cheque for (n) confusion over (n) cruel to (adj)
choice between/of (n) congratulate sb on sth (v) cruelty towards/to (n)
clever at (adj) (but: It connection between (n) cure for (n)
was very clever of (but: in connection with) curious about (adj)
you to buy it.) conscious of (adj) cut into (phr v) (= interrupt sb/a
close to (adj) connect to/with (v) conversation)
collaborate with (v) consist of (v)
205
Verbs, Adjectives, Nouns with Prepositions
face up to (phr v) familiar with (= have knowledge of) (adj) forgive sb for (v)
fail in an attempt (v) famous for (adj) fortunate in (adj)
fail to do sth (v) fed up with (adj) friendly with/to (adj)
failure in (an exam) (n) fill sth with sth else (v) frightened of (adj)
failure to (do sth) (n) finish with (v) full of (adj)
faithful to (adj) fire at (v) furious with sb about/at sth (adj)
fall in (n) fond of (adj)
familiar to sb (= known to sb) (adj) forget about (v)
generosity to/towards (n) good at (adj) (but: He was very guilty of (adj) (but: he felt guilty
genius at (n) good to me.) about his crime)
glance at (v) grateful to sb for sth (adj)
glare at (v) guess at (v)
happen to (v) hear from (v) (= receive a letter) hope for (v)
happy about/with (adj) hear of (v) (= learn that sth or sb exists) hope to do sth (v)
harmful to (adj) heir to (n) (no) hope of (n)
hear about (v) (= be told) hint to sb about sth (v) (but: hint at sth) hopeless at (adj)
206
Verbs, Adjectives, Nouns with Prepositions
lack in (v) leave for (v) (= head for) long for (v)
lack of (n) lend sth to sb (v) look after (phr v) (= take care of)
laugh at (v) listen to (v) look at (v)
lean on/against (v) live on (v) look for (= search for) (v)
name after (v) nervous about (adj) nominate sb (for/as sth) (v)
necessary for (adj) new to (adj) (take) (no) notice of (n)
need for (n) nice to (adj) notorious for doing sth (adj)
neglect of (n)
207
Verbs, Adjectives, Nouns with Prepositions
take sth to sb/sth (v) thank sb for (v) tired from (adj)
talent for sth (n) thankful for (adj) tired of (adj) (= fed up with)
talk to sb about sth (v) think about/of (v) translate from ... into (v)
(have) taste in (n) threat to sb/sth of sth (n) tread on (v)
taste of (v) threaten sb with sth (v) trip over (v)
terrible at (adj) throw at (v) (in order to hit) trouble with (n)
terrified of (adj) throw to (v) (in order to catch) typical of (adj)
208
Verbs, Adjectives, Nouns with Prepositions
209
Verbs, Adjectives, Nouns with Prepositions
210
Verbs, Adjectives, Nouns with Prepositions
211
Verbs, Adjectives, Nouns with Prepositions
From from time to time, from now on, from experience, from memory, from scratch
Prepositions of Time
AT IN ON
We never use a t in or on before yesterday, tomorrow, next, this, last, every. Shes leaving next Sunday.
212
PROGRESS TESTS
Progress Test 1 (Units 1 -2 )
1 ^ Choose the correct answer. 2 Complete each sentence with two to five
words, including the word in bold.
8 How did you hurt your hand? a Put the verbs in brackets into the correct
I cut it as I .............some vegetables. J infinitive form or the - ing form .
A chopped B am chopping C was chopping
25 She was unwilling ............................................... (help).
9 The journey here was very tiring.
26 Tom had difficulty ............................. (unscrew) the lid.
Yes. Im very g la d .............here at last.
27 I would rather ................... (eat) Chinese food tonight.
A being B to be C be
28 Mary stopped ................................. (buy) a newspaper
10 Lets go for a walk. on her way to work.
We cant go out until the ra in ............... 29 He admitted t o .................................. (lie) to the police.
A stopped B will stop C stops 30 They called the theatre box office only .........................
(find) that there were no tickets left.
11 I want to call Simon. 31 She is too old ............................ (take up) windsurfing.
Well, dont call him before eight o clock. H e ........... 32 After ................ (take) his degree, he looked for a job.
A will sleep B will be sleeping C is sleeping 33 They tried ................................... (locate) the company
president, but he was on holiday.
12 Would you like to watch the film with me?
34 Did he mention anything a b o u t.......................(leave)?
No thanks. Id rather.............my book.
35 Im sorry .................................. (have to) ask you to do
A read B reading C to read
this, but could you possibly work late tonight?
13 H e .............a famous writer one day. 36 It was kind of you ...........................(send) me flowers.
Yes, I think youre right. 37 In addition t o ..........................(miss) the bus, she also
A was B will be C is being lost her umbrella.
38 Did you remember .........................(thank) Aunt Hilary
14 What are you doing on Saturday? for her present?
Well, Paul su gg este d .............to the cinema. 39 You shouldnt ................ (believe) everything he says.
A go B going C to go 40 He wasted valuable time .............(talk) on the phone.
215
Progress Test 2 (Units 3 -4 )
Put the adjectives in brackets into the
1 com parative or superlative fo rm , adding any Underline the correct item.
necessary words.
1 A: David i s .............................................................. (old) 19 We had hard/hardly left the house when the storm
Steve, isnt he? broke.
B: Yes. David is 14 and Steve is 12. 20 I havent got much free times/tim e these days,
2 A: Do you like being at university? because Im taking French lessons.
B: Yes. Its ..................................................(interesting) 21 Maths was/were Georges least favourite subject when
being at school. he was at school.
3 A: Did you enjoy the meal? 22 His ambition is to swim across the English Channel/
B: Yes. It w a s ............................................... (delicious) English Channel.
meal Ive ever eaten. 23 The Queen/Queen is going to address the nation this
4 A: Laura is a lovely person. evening.
B: Yes. Shes ........................................................ (nice) 24 Most/The most people enjoy spending their holidays
person I know. on the beach.
5 A: Did you get a good grade in the exam? 25 Henry is looking for atone bigger flat, as his wife is
B: Yes. It was m u c h ........................................................ expecting their new baby.
(good) I had expected. 26 Ive been working very hard lately/late so Im planning
6 A: Did you buy that jacket? to take some time off.
B: No. It was f a r .............................................................. 27 These tomatoes cost 1.20 a/the kilo.
(expensive) I had thought. 28 The plane landed at the JFK/JFK Airport.
7 A: Do you like my new dress? 29 Bears/The bears love honey.
B: I love it! Its .................................................................. 30 Mrs Houston went to college/the college to pick up
(beautiful) dress Ive ever seen. her husband.
8 A: It was a great party, wasnt it? 31 The secretary has near /nearly finished typing the
B: Oh yes! It was ............................................................ report so you can have it in a few minutes.
(good) party Ive ever been to. 32 The cattle was/were grazing in the field.
9 A: Why are you so tired? 33 Three years are/is a long time to be out of work.
B: The meeting finished much ......................................
(late) than I had expected.
10 A: Mark is very clever. 4 Complete each sentence with two to five
B: Yes. Hes ................................................ (intelligent) ^ words, including the word in bold.
boy in the school.
34 Ive never had such a bad day.
the Its ..................................................................
0 Complete each sentence using the noun in Ive ever had.
2 j. brackets in the singular or plural form and 35 Meg is the fastest typist of all.
aIan where necessary. than Meg ...............................................................
anyone else.
11 The wind blew all the important .....................................
36 Tim is more imaginative than Alan.
off my desk, (paper)
less Alan ...............................................................
12 I cant talk now. I havent got much .............................. Tim.
(time) 37 Lucy spent the same amount of money on clothes as
13 Travelling around the world was .................................... Laura.
I will never forget, (experience) much Lucy spent ...................................................
14 There is not much ........................in this office, (room) on clothes as Laura.
15 These .....................................are delicious. Would you 38 Cant you do any better than that?
like one? (chocolate) best Is that ............................................................
16 I have seen this film several ........................................... you can do?
before, (time) 39 As he gets older, he becomes less tolerant.
17 We had b o o k e d .................................. in a hotel before the The older he gets, ......................................
we arrived, (room) ................................................ he becomes.
18 He has plenty o f .......................................in this kind of 40 Rita is prettier than Sheila.
work, (experience) as S h e ila ................................................... Rita.
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Progress Test 3 (Units 5 -6 )
j ^ Choose the correct answer.
^ / Rewrite the sentences in the passive.
1 Y o u .............tell the police about the burglary. 20 Someone broke into their flat last night.
A would B shall C must
21 Steve hasn't opened the mail yet.
2 This ro o m .............last week.
A was decorated B will be decorated
22 Are they inviting many people to the party?
C decorated
8 M u m .............have gone shopping. 30 They say she will take part in the negotiations.
A might B will C ought
9 I .............my hair cut yesterday. Complete each sentence with two to five
A had B have had C have
3^ words, including the word in bold.
217
Progress Test 4 (Units 7 -8 )
19 I dont suppose you can help me with my homework?
1 . Com plete each sentence with tw o to five Jim said to me.
-J F words, including the word in bold. whether Jim wanted to k n o w ..............................
............................... with his homework.
1 I havent got any money, he said.
20 I rarely have time to watch television.
complained He ............................................................
have Hardly e v e r .............................................
any money.
............................... to watch television.
2 Youll be able to go on holiday if you save some money,
will Only if you ..............................................
be able to go on holiday. Tu rn the following from direct into
3 You should be more careful, she told him. 2 j reported speech, using an appropriate
advised She .......................................................... introductory verb.
more careful.
21 I promise I wont forget to call, Julie said to Tim.
4 Why dont we buy Mark a present? said Paul,
should Paul .........................................................
22 No, I didnt break the dish, Martin said.
buy Mark a present.
5 As soon as I reached the station the train arrived,
23 No, you may not watch the late film , Dad said to us.
sooner No ............................................................
the station than the train arrived.
24 T ha ts the best cake Ive ever tasted! said Joanne.
6 If I were you, I would apologise.
you Were .....................................apologise. 25 You should go to the doctors, Mum said to Peter.
7 Sit dow n! the teacher told the children.
ordered The teacher ............................................ 26 Lets go for a walk, he said.
sit down.
8 It was only when I arrived at work that I realised I had 27 Please, please, take me with you! he said to her.
forgotten my briefcase.
did Only when I arrived at w o r k ................. 28 Everyone be quiet! the teacher said to the class.
that I had forgotten my briefcase. 29 Yes, Ill give you a lift into town, she said to him.
9 Dont forget to lock the door, Mum said to me.
reminded Mum .......................................the door. 30 Ill send you to your room if you misbehave, Dad said
10 You took my favourite CD, Jane said to Oliver. to Jamie.
of Jane .........................................................
her favourite CD. 31 Could I have a cup of tea, please? Pam said to me.
11 Hes a wonderful musician and a great artist as well,
only N o t ........................................................... 32 It was me who spilt the coffee, he said.
musician, but hes also a great artist.
12 Dont leave this room until I call you. 33 Dont forget to do the shopping, she said to him.
should On no account .......................................
..................... this room until I call you. 34 Put your hands up! the policeman said to the thieves.
13 Why are you baking a cake? Dave asked Lisa.
was Dave wanted to know ........................... 35 You must stay for dinner, we said to them.
.....................................................a cake.
14 If I had been asked, I would have helped.
asked Had ..........................................................
I would have helped. a Rewrite the sentences using emphatic
15 Im sorry I was late, he said. J fr constructions starting with the words given.
for He ....................................................late.
16 You must tidy your room before you go out, he said 36 Colin left the door open.
to Sally. It w a s .............................................
on He ............................................................ 37 She needs a new house.
her room before she went out. W h a t..............................................
17 We had no idea she was a famous actress. 38 Be quiet!
know Little ......................................................... Do ..................................................
she was a famous actress. 39 When did you move to London?
18 I had never eaten such delicious food before, When was .....................................
before Never ....................................................... 40 He promised to write to me.
such delicious food. H e ...................................................
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Progress Test 5 (Units 9-10)
20 the car broke down, what would we do?
1^ Choose the correct answer. A Supposing B Providing C When
1 If you had got up earlier, y o u .............the bus. a Complete each sentence with two to five
A wouldn't miss B w ouldnt have missed ^ words, including the word in bold.
C w ont miss
2 Yesterday I went to the cinema and ............. I had 21 Why dont you listen to me?
dinner with a friend. would I w is h ...................................................to me.
A all in all B as a result C after that 22 It was Sunday, so the shops were closed.
due The shops were closed.................................
3 If s h e ...........her umbrella, she w ouldnt have got wet. .............................................. it was Sunday.
A take B had taken C would take 23 I think it would be a good idea to get a mobile phone,
were If ................................. get a mobile phone.
4 Carol...............parents own this shop, is very clever.
24 This is Mark. His mother is a teacher.
A who B whom C whose
whose This is Mark.................................. a teacher.
5 you study hard, you will pass your exams. 25 If you go too near the river you will fall in.
A Supposing B Providing C Unless else Dont go too near the river ..........................
.............................................................. fall in.
6 Mark is k in d .............funny.
26 There were a lot of people at the meeting. I had never
A as a result B as well as C all in all
met some of them before.
7 This computer game................ I bought yesterday, is whom There were a lot of people at the meeting
really boring. ............................... I had never met before.
A which B that C who 27 I missed the train, so I was late.
result I missed the train ..........................was late.
8 you wear warm clothes, you will catch a cold. 28 The weather was bad so it wasn't the perfect holiday,
A Unless B Providing C If for B u t ...................................................................
9 If I finish work early tomorrow, I .........go to the cinema. would have been the perfect holiday.
A would B might C should 29 If you dont work hard, you w ont get promoted,
unless You wont ...........................you work hard.
10 I like to go o u t,.............Steve likes to stay in. 30 He forgot to lock the door. This was very careless of him.
A due to B whereas C whenever which He forgot to lock the door............................
............................................................ of him.
11 If I won the lottery, I .............whatever I liked.
31 Sue would prefer to eat chocolate rather than eat salad,
A will buy B can buy C could buy
rather S u e ..................................................................
12 You can take the c a r .... you promise to drive carefully. ........................................................eat salad.
A as long as B as soon as C such as 32 I was having fun. I stayed longer than I should have done,
such I was having ...................................................
13 If he were more polite, h e .............more popular.
longer than I should have done.
A will be B would be C can be
33 She looked like she was going to cry.
14 This is the ja c k e t.............I got for my birthday. if She looked ........................................to cry.
A which B who C when 34 Although it was cold, we sat outside.
spite I n ..........................................we sat outside.
15 Our new boss is very friendly, b u t .............he can be 35 If Martin buys a car, he will be able to drive to work,
quite strict. provided Martin will be able to drive to w o rk ............
A moreover B on the other hand C also .............................................................. a car.
16 If Jessica calls............... her Im out. 36 I regret arguing with my best friend.
A will tell B would tell C tell wish I ................................... with my best friend.
37 He went to the bank to get some money.
17 Jack is saving m o n e y .............buy a new car. so He went to the bank .......................money.
A in order that B so that C in order to 38 You should lock all the doors before you leave,
better You ..................................................................
18 If I were you, I .............professional advice.
................... all the doors before you leave.
A would seek B will seek C can seek
39 Take a torch. You might need it.
19 Bob didnt attend the meeting, and .............the boss case Take a torch .............................................. it.
was angry with him. 40 I was upset, thats why I didnt say anything.
A all in all B because C as a result would If I hadnt been upset, .............something.
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Progress Test 6 (Units 1 1 -1 2 )
20 Mary goes to the lib ra ry .............Monday.
Choose th e c o rre c t a nsw er. A every other B each other C the other
3 Would you lik e .............ice cream? Yes, please. 22 Daniel is washing the car.
A some B any C no
23 Peter goes to college every Wednesday.
4 She has been to n e a rly .............European capital.
A each B every one C every
24 She is sending a parcel to her sister.
5 Lets call it a d a y ,............. ?
A shall we B will we C w ont we 25 I am going shopping because I want some new clothes.
6 We didnt go to the shops because ............. wasnt 26 She has been living here for two years.
enough time.
A there B it C we 27 They went to work by bus.
10 The ball hit Paul i n .............eye. a Complete each sentence with two to five
A one B the C his ^ Jf: words, including the word in bold.
220
G ram m arw ay 4 - Word List
A c D
abandon calculator dash
absorbed calendar deal with
accountancy cancel debts
accurately candidate decoration
advance candlestick degree
affect carnation delay
aim at cater for delete
alarm system ceremony deliberately
anniversary chairman demanding
announcement chalet demonstration
annual championship densely populated
answering machine charity deposit
appalling cheer developing countries
applaud cheer sb on discharge
appliance chest discourage
assignment childminder disgusting
asthma attack chimney display
at top speed choir distress signals
at the sight of chop disturbing
attempt cinnamon documents
attend cloakroom donate
attic close down doorframe
auction clue double glazing
available clumsy doubt
coal dozens of
B collective drama group
collide dreadful
bandage
come face to face with sb dressmaking
hathpr
UGLI IUI
commit dripping
be bound to
committee drive
be fast asleep
company
be in a good mood
be made redundant
competitor E
complex
be party to Earl
complicated
beans earn a reputation
condition
beforehand edge
conduct
bid efficient
conference
bid for elect
confess
bin election campaign
con man
bleed embarrassed
consent
blind emblem
contact
blunt emergency
contact lens
boarding school encouraging
contain
bonds engagement
contestant
bonfire ensure
contract
bounce equipment
convenient
box-office hit erase
country lane
branch essay
creep
bravery estimate
cruise
breeze evidence
cry
brick wall exceed
cultivate
bridesmaid exhaust fumes
culture
bring to life exhibit
currency
brooch exhibition
current
burst its banks expand
custom
expedition
cutlery
experiment
221
G ram m arw ay 4 - Word List
explode identity mayfly
extension immature mean
eye-witness impractical measles
impress medication
F in advance mild
in one go miner
facilities
in public moat
fasten ones seatbelt
income modernise
fiance
independent motion picture
fibres
individual mould
fierce
infection mumble
filling
inhabitant
fine
fireworks
innocent N
inspect
firm nasty
inspector
fishing line naughty
install
fizzy drink navy
instant coffee powder
flat tyre needle
insult
flexible hours negotiations
intelligence service
flock nickname
interior decoration
flooding nightmare
intimidate
flourish nomination
inventive
for the time being
invest
formula
investigation
o
fortune
investment oak
found
irritated objection
fraud
off duty
fuel
J offence
office block
G jury official
gas plant open
gasp L open-air
genuine label operate
gesture laboratory operation
give sb a fright lace opponent
glittering lay the foundations opposition
global warming lead-free petrol optician
govern leak originate from
graceful lecture ornament
greet licence out of breath
grind linen outfit
grounds literature outing
gust loan overtake
locker overtime
H locket oyster
hang out lose ones temper
hardships loss P
have access pale
hay fever M paperwork
heatwave maiden voyage parachute jump
hesitate make a fuss particularly
honour make it quick passenger liner
hopefully malaria patch
hydrofoil manners patent office
manual patience
I mat paw
mature peaceful
identical
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Gramm arway 4 - Word List
pebble review sponsor
performance riot stain
permanently roast stall
personal route stamina
pipe row steep
platform ruby stew
policy runway stiff
power cut rusty stone
premiere stop dead
presentation s stop off
preserve storey
sack
press stray
safety regulations
press conference stressful
sandstone
priceless strike
scented
privileged study
scratch
process suburbs
seafront
profits subway
seashell
properly sunscreen
seed
property supernatural
self-assured
propose superstition
sell out
protest supervise
sensible
prove supplies
sentence
provide surgeon
set
prune surroundings
settle
put up survey
settle in
suspect
settlement
sweep
severe
Q sharp
qualifications shed
T
quarrel shelter tablecloth
question shift take a bow
quit shoot take a short cut
shortcrust pastry take action
R show off take out a loan
shriek take register
radiator
shrink tap
radio operator
shrub tax
range
sigh tear
rattle
skid tenant
reach its peak
skill testify
react
sleep soundly thoroughly
receipt book
slightly thread
recharge
slippery throw a party
reconsider
smash till
recover
smelling salts time off
recycle
snap tolerant
reflect
soak tournament
refreshments
soaking wet trademark
region
soft drink traffic warden
register
solid gold transport
rehearse
sore throat treatment
reliable
sour trim
remark
specially trophy
research
species tropics
reside
spectacular tutor
resident
spoil
respected
spokesperson
reveal
22?
Gramm arway 4 - Word List
U w
unique wander
unwilling weapon
utterly wear oneself out
well-kept
V well-off
will
vacuum
wire
valley
withdraw
valuable
workforce
value
workings
velvet
venue
verdict
viewer
vital
voting
voucher
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Key lo the Exercises
UNIT 1: Tenses
2 is getting 7 has found b) 1 present perfect (2, 5, 7, 8)
3 have been 8 has been 2 present perfect continuous (6)
looking correcting 3 present continuous (3)
4 knows 9 is using 4 present continuous (9)
5 heat 10 gets 5 present continuous (4)
6 have just elected
1 smells
2 are you tasting, tastes
2 A 3 B 4 A 5 C 6 B 3 feel/am feeling
4 am seeing, see
5 does the bag of apples weigh, is weighing
Yes, I sometimes go fishing at weekends./ 6 am thinking, think
Yes, I go fishing at weekends sometimes. 7 are you looking, looks
3 Yes, I go once a week. 8 enjoy, am enjoying
4 I visit them every weekend. 9 are you feeling, feels
5 No, I rarely do. 10 is appearing, appears
6 I dont know. I have never eaten oysters. 11 is, is being
7 I go on holiday once a year. 12 is fitting, Does it fit
8 I usually read it on the way to work. 13 hurts/is hurting
9 Of course. You should always lock the
door when you go out.
2 have ... been, have been to
10 You are always breaking things!
8 3 have ... been
4 have ... been to, have been
2 g - present perfect 5 have gone to / Has ... gone
3 f - present continuous
4 a - present perfect 2 yet 6 for 10 recently
5 d - present continuous 3 just 7 never 11 still
6 j - present continuous 4 already 8 so far
7 h - present perfect 5 ever 9 since
8 c - present perfect continuous
9 b - present perfect
i - present continuous 2 is 9 have been
10
10 3 am writing working/have
4 have also typed worked
2 have been 9 have been living/
5 has been planting 10 have been
read ing, have have lived
6 has written practising
not/havent 10 is always doing
7 have just heard 11 go
finished 11 am going
8 does the play
3 are going 12 has been
start
4 am having teaching/has
5 have been taught
S2: Then, they looked around the shops.
6
washing
have broken
13 have already
bought 11 S3: Next, they walked on the beach.
7 add, mix 14 are always S4: After that, they ate lunch at a seaside
8 has been using meeting restaurant.
S5: Later, they visited the funfair.
S6: Finally, they had afternoon tea.
a) 2 has chosen 6 have been waiting
3 am packing 7 have finished B SA: What were Brian and Ruth doing at
4 am leaving 8 have borrowed 11:00 am?
5 has booked 9 am becoming SB: They were looking around the shops.
227
SA: What were Brian and Ruth doing at A 2 has played C 1 have just
11:45 am? 16 3 have met heard from
SB: They were walking on the beach. 4 was 2 wrote
SA: What were Brian and Ruth doing at 3 got
1:15 pm? B 1 has painted 4 did you first
SB: They were eating lunch at a seaside 2 painted meet
restaurant. 3 was 5 lived
SA: What were Brian and Ruth doing at 6 moved
2:30 pm? 7 havent seen
SB: They were visiting the funfair.
1 was reading 6 expected/was
SA: What were Brian and Ruth doing at
5:00 pm? 17 2 hoped/had expecting
hoped/was 7 went, Did you
SB: They were having afternoon tea.
hoping buy
3 reported 8 knew
A 2 were singing 8 began
4 had read 9 had studied
3 was driving 9 stopped
5 had just started
4 was smiling 10 tried
5 was looking 11 happened
A 2 were 7 felt
forward/ 12 sighed
18 queueing 8 reached
looked 13 got out
3 were waiting 9 went down/were
forward 14 pushed/was
4 had bought going down
6 enjoyed pushing
5 walked
7 was going/ 15 started
6 entered
went
B 1 hired 10 left
B 1 entered 10 took
2 drove 11 had already
2 closed 11 turned
3 arrived grown/was
3 was hanging 12 was leaning
4 was blowing already growing
up 13 gave
5 was 12 was walking
4 heard 14 laughed
6 got out 13 began
5 was running 15 started
7 took 14 didnt mind
6 walked 16 thought
8 decided 15 had had
7 turned 17 replied
9 had seen
8 froze 18 missed
9 was standing
1 i - past simple
19 2 g - past continuous
2 A 4 A 6 C 8 C 1C
3 j - past perfect
3 B 5 B 7 A 9 C 4 h - past perfect continuous
5 f - past continuous
2 A 5 B 8 B 11 6 d - past perfect continuous
3 C 6 A 9 A 12 7 a - past simple
4 B 7 C 10 B 8 e - past continuous
9 c - past simple
S3: She still hasnt got used to being away 10 b - past perfect
from her family and friends.
S4: She wasnt used to speaking Italian, but 2 had been 11 slipped
she is used to it now. 20 teaching 12 had already
S5: She wasnt used to using a new currency, 3 wanted bought
but she is used to it now. 4 had been walking 13 had broken
S6: She wasnt used to new customs, but she 5 had sold 14 stayed
is used to them now. 6 had won 15 sang
S7: She still hasnt got used to driving on the 7 was raining 16 opened
other side of the road. 8 opened 17 were standing
S8: She wasnt used to hot weather, but she is 9 had got 18 invented
used to it now. 10 used to work 19 was washing
2 A 5 A B 11 B A 2 will be able B 1 finish/have
3 C 6 C C 12 A to finished
27>
4 C 7 B B 13 B 3 will give 2 want
4 comes 3 get
a) 2 was shining 8 had just lifted/ 4 hear
3 was sitting was just lifting C 1 is D 1 will be
4 had been 9 had happened 2 will take 2 strikes
waiting 10 looked 3 will land 3 has forgotten
5 felt 11 had snapped 4 will call
6 stood up 12 packed 5 arrive
7 began 6 come
229
1 i -
future simple 7 since Mary moved
32 2 f -
future perfect 8 had never met
3 c be going to
- 9 had left before we started
4 h -
future continuous 10 on the point of leaving
5 g- future perfect continuous 11 have not spoken to Paul
6 d - future simple 12 ago did they announce
7 b - future continuous 13 last played squash
8 e - future continuous 14 was about to close
9 j - be going to 15 never met such a kind
10 a - future simple 16 havent finished discussing
17 has been studying medicine for
2 leaves 5 will be beginning 18 before he took
33 3 stops off 6 is going to stay
4 is going to be/ 7 is flying 2 had 6 is going to look
will be 8 will have visited 38 3 asked 7 will have begun
4 was able 8 hopes
B 1 present simple (2, 3) 5 has already 9 is interviewing
2 future perfect (8) found
3 be going to (6)
4 present continuous (1, 7)
Ive been playing chess since I was eight
5 future continuous (5)
3 9 * years old.
6 be going to (4)
I ate at that restaurant three times last
week.
2 am meeting They still havent delivered my television.
34 3 have We havent read his letter yet.
4 will/am going to buy I met that man a week ago.
5 will also/am also going to redecorate We moved to Glasgow a year ago.
6 will have finished Mike and Kelly got married last week.
7 will be flying/am flying They had met each other four years
8 will have returned before.
9 will/am going to throw 8 Ill make the dinner when I get home.
10 will come 9 Take some food in case you get hungry.
11 will say 10 The house will have been built by the end
12 will send of May.
11 Peter is still at school.
2 will love 9 will have 12 When was the last time you saw Tony?
35 3 arrive 10 opens 13 I have seen this film before.
4 will be greeted 11 closes 14 She hasnt been to a party since she
5 will show 12 are returned from her holiday.
6 are 13 supervise
7 will be able to 14 will never forget 2 C 5 A 8 B 11 C
8 will find 40 3 B 6 B 9 C 12 C
4 C 7 A 10 A
2 B 7 C 12 A 17 A 22 B
36 3 C 8 C 13 C 18 B
P re p o s itio n s
4 C 9 A 14 C 19 A
5 C 10 B 15 C 20 C 2 of 5 of 8 for 11 to
6 A 11 B 16 B 21 A 3 in 6 to 9 at 12 for
41>
4 of 7 at 10 in
2 have had this coat for
37 3 still havent finished writing
4 funniest film weve ever
5 time hes ever played
6 last time John/he played
250
Phrasal Verbs S7: 100 years ago, people lived/used to live
in villages or towns.
2 into 9 Off 16 after S8: Today, many people live in big cities.
3 after 10 up 17 in for S9: 100 years ago, people did/used to do
4 down 11 down 18 off their shopping in small local shops.
5 against 12 over 19 up S10: Today, we usually do our shopping in
6 up 13 out 20 on supermarkets.
7 up 14 up 21 in
8 out of 15 down Writing A ctivity
(Suggested answer)
O ra l A ctivity
... people will probably travel by shuttle bus
S3: 100 years ago, people travelled/used to or may even use electric cars. Computers and
travel by steam trains. virtual reality will provide us with
S4: Today, we travel by car, hydrofoil or entertainment. Moreover, space colonies and
plane. underwater cities will probably be built and
S5: 100 years ago, people read/used to read many people will live in them. Finally, people
books or went/used to go to the theatre. will do all their shopping via the Internet. ...
S6: Today, we watch TV, listen to the radio
or go to the cinema.
1 to go 3 to travel
2 to save 4 visiting
271
2 ... her to tidy her clothes away. 2 too small 6 too hot
3 ... Mary/Marys/her doing the washing-up. 13 3 too difficult 7 too tired
4 ... you to come to my party./it if you came to 4 loud enough 8 sweet enough
my party. 5 tall enough
5 ... Mark/Marks/him/his falling into the
swimming pool on his wedding day. 2 cool enough (for me) to eat
6 ... you to finish this project today. 14 3 tall enough to reach
7 ... my secretary to attend the meeting. 4 old enough to attend
5 too cold (for you) to go
2 ... for Barry to go to the bank today. 6 too boring (for us) to watch
3 ... for them to finish their homework. 7 quiet enough (for me) to work
4 ... for someone to take my order. 8 too heavy (for me) to carry
5 ... for you to move to the town centre.
6 ... for John to learn a foreign language. 2 enough money to go on holiday
7 ... for guests to do their shopping. 15 > 3 too hot for me to drink
8 ... for everyone to hear (him). 4 too young to go to school
9 ... for you to read. 5 enough space to have a party
10 ... for children to play with matches. 6 rich enough to buy a yacht
7 too hot outside (for you) to wear a coat
(Suggested answers) 8 mature enough to make her own
2 to exercise/work out in decisions
3 to play in 9 too small for us to live in any more
4 to eat/have lunch in 10 enough patience to look after the children
5 to put their rubbish in
6 to put their luggage/baggage/bags in 2 annoying 6 exciting
7 to hang their coats in 16 > 3 interested 7 impressed
4 disgusting 8 amazing
2 to go 5 to see 8 throw 5 encouraging
3 put 6 to be
4 place 7 Breaking
2 He was sitting in the garden drinking his
tea.
2 feeding 5 put 8 playing 17>
3 Having made dinner, Janet called the
3 perform 6 do 9 get on
children
V 1III VJ1v II-
4 leaving 7 holding
4 The boy standing by the door is my
brother.
2 C 5 A 8 B 5 Simon cut his hand while chopping some
3 C 6 C 9 B wood.
4 B 7 A 10 B 6 Having had a shower, Donna went to
bed./Donna had a shower before going to
2 eating/having 4 living bed.
eaten 5 to finish/to have 7 Being late, we took a taxi.
3 scratching/ finished 8 Opening the window, Gary breathed the
having scratched 6 touching fresh air.
9 She was lying on her bed reading a book.
2 to introduce 12 to go 10 The jewels taken by the thieves were very
3 to interrupt 13 to post valuable.
4 working 14 reading 11 Picking up her pen, Amy started to write
5 to finish 15 forgetting the letter.
6 eating 16 to say 12 The man walking towards us is a relative
7 arguing 17 to climb of mine.
8 to inform 18 losing 13 Having explained the exercise, the
9 to lock 19 watching teacher asked the students to do it.
10 meeting 20 to buy 14 Having forgotten to take her purse, she had
11 skiing to borrow some money from a colleague.
2 to fasten 7 talking Prepositions
3 to be 8 to relax
4 to sit 9 to see 2 on 4 of 6 on 8 with
5 reading 10 being 23 3 with 5 on 7 to
6 check
P h ra s a l V erbs
(Suggested answers)
2 hopefully 8 nearly
2 large round 5 square green
8 3 Suddenly 9 loud
antique woollen
4 gently 10 slowly
3 beautiful tall silver 6 fabulous English
5 softly 11 brightly
4 soft thick cotton oak
6 miserably 12 immediately
7 pretty 13 warmly
2 the elderly 7 The poor people
3 the injured people 8 the sick
He enjoyed designing brightly-coloured
4 The old people 9 The strong
clothes.
5 the disabled people
He worked very hard throughout his
6 The young people 10 The rich
career.
By 1982, he was incredibly famous and
2 A well-written 5 A hard-working had won the first of many awards.
story student His clothes were extremely popular with
3 A twelve-storey 6 A well-lit office famous musicians, such as Elton John
building 7 A two-week and George Michael.
4 A fast-moving holiday He was frequently asked to design
train 8 A ten-page report costumes for ballets, shows and concerts.
He was greatly respected by other
fashion designers.
2 silky 4 woolleni 6 gold
Sadly, Versace died in 1997, at the age of
3 golden 5 stone 7 silk
fifty.
254
Joanne has been writing letters to her 2 the tallest 8 the most
friends all day. 3 later than intelligent
12>
He has been working in his office all day. 4 more expensive 9 bigger than
He has been working all day in his office. than 10 the cheapest
We placed the box carefully on the table. 5 warmer than 11 more difficult
We carefully placed the box on the table. 6 the best than
Carefully, we placed the box on the table. 7 further 12 any better
They bought some fruit at the market
yesterday. 2 better 6 closer
Yesterday, they bought some fruit at the 3 louder/more 7 more attractive
i3 >
market. loudly 8 the most
They bought some fruit yesterday at the 4 the tallest expensive
market. 5 more modern
He walked quietly out of the room during
the film. 2 more beautiful 7 higher
He walked out of the room quietly during than 8 the smallest
i4 >
the film. 3 the prettiest 9 the cheapest
During the film he quietly walked out of 4 the most 10 eldest
the room. expensive 11 the loveliest
During the film he walked out of the room 5 nicer than 12 easier
quietly. 6 better
He quietly walked out of the room during
the film. (Suggested answers)
Quietly, he walked out of the room during i 5 > 2 Prague ... the n ic e s t...
the film. 3 Honey is sweeter than
The party was utterly amazing. 4 ... swim well, ... ski ... b e tte r...
We were completely lost. 5 ... Physics is the most d iffic u lt...
Jenny has been reading her magazine all 6 Diamonds are more valuable than ...
morning in the garden. 7 Fruit is the healthiest...
Jenny has been reading her magazine in 8 Modern typewriters are more efficient
the garden all morning. than ...
10 They knew then they had lost the match. 9 Laura is the most intelligen t...
Then they knew they had lost the match. 10 Gold jewellery is more expensive than ...
They knew they had lost the match then.
11 They have been talking in the hall for 3 harder and harder
hours. 16 4 The c o ld e r... the more
They have been talking for hours in the hall. 5 faster and faster
12 She changed her clothes quickly. 6 The h ig h e r... the louder/the more loudly
She quickly changed her clothes. 7 cheaper and cheaper
8 The yo u n g e r... the easier
Quickly, she changed her clothes.
9 More and more
13 I was feeling extremely tired.
10 The o ld e r... the taller
14 He is doing his homework quietly in his
bedroom.
He is quietly doing his homework in his (Suggested answers)
bedroom. 17 Golf is the least artistic of all.
15 We watched a film last night at the cinema. Golf is the easiest to learn.
We watched a film at the cinema last night. Carpentry isnt as/so easy to learn as golf.
Last night, we watched a film at the cinema. Painting is the least easy to learn of all.
Carpentry is the most tiring of all.
Golf isnt as/so tiring as carpentry.
2 rather 6 quite 10 quite Painting is the least tiring of all.
3 rather 7 rather 11 rather Golf is the most expensive of all.
4 rather 8 fairly 12 rather Carpentry isnt as/so expensive as golf.
5 quite 9 fairly Painting is the least expensive of all.
Painting is the cheapest of all. Prepositions
Carpentry isnt as/so cheap as painting.
2 for 10 to 18 in
Golf is the least cheap of all. 3 from 11 in 19 with
23
Painting is the most relaxing of all. 4 from 12 about 20 of
Golf is not as/so relaxing as painting. 5 in 13 of 21 with
Carpentry is the least relaxing of all. 6 of 14 between 22 in
7 in 15 from 23 for
2 like 5 as 8 like 11 like 8 on 16 on 24 to
3 as 6 like 9 like 9 with 17 on 25 about
4 as 7 as 10 as
2 was less expensive than
24 3 the more nervous
1 Im three inches shorter than you. 4 as many sweets as
2 Steve is older than me/l am. 5 is not as/so smart as
3 The little boy sang like a bird. 6 the most
4 Paul is not as handsome as Tom. 7 the better grades
5 She is quite a pretty girl. 8 the most independent young woman
6 Sally is the tallest girl in our class. 9 as many CDs as
7 Let me know if you need any further help. 10 plays tennis better than/is better at tennis
8 Tracey studies hard. than
9 My best friend is two years older than me.
10 The church is the oldest building in the 2 C 5 C 8 A 11 A
village. 25 3 A 6 A 9 B 12 C
11 She did her homework more carefully 4 B 7 A 10 C 13 C
than usual.
12 His flat is as big as mine.
13 Her new car is rather faster than her old Dear Sir/Madam,
26
one. I am writing to you to apply for the position of
14 This cake is quite sweet. science teacher which was advertised in the
15 The green dress is twice as cheap as the Evening Argus newspaper last Friday.
black one. I graduated from university five years ago and
16 I feel very ill today. 1have been teaching/have taught science at
17 She laughed happily. Baker Comprehensive School since then. I have
also been organising extra activities for children
after school for the last three years.
1 more 7 than 13 even
I enjoy teaching and I am very patient with
2 the 8 most 14 as
young children. I have attended several seminars
3 not 9 as 15 a on the subject of teaching science to primary
4 very 10 the 16 much school children.
5 so 11 to 17 by I have asked my current employer for time off
6 more 12 like 18 the to attend interviews, so I will be free to visit your
school if you wish to meet me.
2 in 5 quite 8 most I hope to hear from you soon.
3 most 6 than 9 more
Yours faithfully,
4 many 7 as 10 hardly
Gary Taylor
P h ra s a l V erbs
2 too slow to win
2 across 9 down 16 out 3 would rather read disturbed by
2 7J* *
3 round/ with 17 off than/prefers to 8 difficult for her to
over 10 out 18 up read rather than make
4 into 11 down (on) 19 into 4 kind enough to 9 was made to
5 off 12 on/along 20 round open work late
6 out 13 off 21 up 5 too angry to 10 was heard to
7 along 14 round against 6 took him weeks argue
8 up with 15 by to write
O ra l A ctivity Writing A ctivity
(Suggested answers) (Suggested answer)
Mrs Thompson speaks French more fluently ... Mrs Thompson also speaks French more
than Mr Spencer. fluently than Mr Spencer, but Miss Houston
Miss Houston speaks French the most fluently speaks French the most fluently of all. Mrs
of all. Thom pson is more experienced than Mr
Mrs Thompson is more experienced than Mr Spencer, but Miss Houston is the most
Spencer. experienced of all. Mr Spencer is more reliable
Miss Houston is the most experienced of all. than Mrs Thompson but, again, Miss Houston
Mr Spencer is more reliable than Mrs Thompson. is the most reliable of all. She is also more
Miss Houston is the most reliable of all. friendly than Mr Spencer, although Mrs
Miss Houston is more friendly than Mr Spencer. Thompson is the friendliest of all. Miss Houston
Mrs Thompson is the friendliest of all. can type faster than Mr Spencer and Mrs
Miss Houston can type faster than Mr Spencer. Thompson can type the fastest of all. ...
Mrs Thompson can type the fastest of all.
Revision 1 (Units 1 - 3 )
2 C 10 A 18 A 26 A 34 C 2 to look 7 to lend
3 A 11 C 19 C 27 B 35 C 3 > 3 watching 8 to go
4 B 12 B 20 B 28 A 36 C 4 living 9 taking
5 B 13 A 21 C 29 A 37 B 5 to have repaired 10 spend
c 14 B 22 C 30 B 38 A 6 eat
A 15 C 23 B 31 C 39 B
8 B 16 C 24 C 32 B 40 C 2 ... clever enough to go to university.
9 C 17 B 25 B 33 A 3 ... too tired to watch the late film.
4 ... enough money to go on holiday.
5 ... enough sugar to make a cake.
2 wash
6 ... too salty for me to eat.
3 have been working
7 ... too special for me to sell.
4 will be studying/is studying
8 ... pretty enough to be a model.
5 am writing
9 ... enough time to go to the cinema.
6 are going to buy/will buy
10 ... too ill to go to work.
7 will be
11 ... warm enough for us to go for a picnic.
8 will be sailing
12 ... too full to eat any more.
9 closes
10 had been painting
2 high 7 near 12 late
11 were you doing, was watering
3 nearly 8 most 13 pretty
12 posted
4 mostly 9 hardly 14 deeply
13 have eaten
5 hard 10 prettily 15 freely
14 had hurt
6 highly 11 free
15 will have had
16 have been playing faster than
2 the best 8
17 will have been working/will have worked further
3 longer than 9
18 will have delivered cheaper
4 the most 10
19 had been practising 11 the shortest
expensive
20 had done 12
5 warmer more quiet/
6 the friendliest quieter
7 the biggest
257
2 Feeling hungry, Julie bought a 2 was less difficult than
sandwich. 10 3 is not as tall as
3 Having sold her flat, she moved into a 4 still havent finished
house. 5 the more tired
4 He fell asleep watching TV. 6 watching too much TV
5 Seeing the rain clouds, Paul started to 7 has lived/has been living here since
8 you mind helping
hurry.
9 difficult for him to express
6 She was standing at the window, looking
10 was heard shouting
at the garden.
11 as many videos as
7 Having finished the job, we went home. 12 found the silver earrings charming
13 is not warm enough
2 about 7 about 12 of 14 the first time
8 3 for 8 to 13 with 15 was made to stay
4 about 9 of 14 of 16 last time we went
5 for 10 with 15 at 17 were about to go out
6 with 11 on 18 had never driven
19 travelling to other countries
20 allow employees to wear jeans
2 out 6 up 11 on
3 down 7 up 12 on
4 up 8 for 13 on 2 for 5 to 8 the 11 to
5 down 9 off 14 into 3 to 6 more 9 not 12 to
11>
with 10 off 15 off 4 it 7 the 10 it
258
2 a computer 7 mother-in-law A 2 the B 1 The
screen 8 a rocking chair 12 3 the 2 the
3 orange juice 9 a hair brush 4 3 the
4 a walking stick 10 a passer-by 5 the 4
5 a shower curtain 11 (your) house 6 The 5 the
6 a window cleaner keys 7 the 6 the
8 the 7 the
9 8 the
2 is 5 is 8 was 11 is
3 is 6 were 9 was 12 is 10 the
4 were 7 are 10 are C 1 D 1 the
2 2
2 they gave us was interesting 3 3 the
3 is her favourite subject/is the subject she 4 - 4 the
likes most 5 a 5 a
4 we had this winter was mild 6 the 6 the
5 were called immediately 7 the 7 The
6 I told them was exciting 8 an 8 a
7 traffic was bad 9 an
8 I stayed in was very luxurious E 1 The F 1
9 was taken out of the car by the driver 2 2 a
10 was very sensible 3 a/the 3 -
11 is too big for me 4 the 4 a
12 are magnificent 5 an 5 a
13 is long and blonde 6 the 6
7
1 one 6 One 11 one 8 the
2 one 7 a, one 12 a
3 a, an 8 One, a 13 a 1 a 7 _,a
4 ones 9 a, one 14 A 2 , 8 ani,
5 a/one 10 an 15 an, one 13>
3 An, a, the 9 The, th<
4 , the 10 The, th(
2 sea 7 hospital 5 a, a 11 , the
3 bed 8 the hospital 6 an, 12 a, a
4 the bed 9 the school
5 the prison 10 school 1 history
6 prison 2 The panda, China, Pandas, bamboo
14> 3 a wildlife park, an interesting experience
2 the cats 11 people 4 a new car, lead-free petrol
3 coffee, tea 12 The villages 5 a hotel, the sea, The room, the view
4 the cake, the 13 Breakfast, the 6 the last, the party, a taxi
coffee day 7 ghosts, the supernatural, a product,
5 Life 14 the only peoples
6 The life 15 the Stone Age 8 The clothes, a sale, the department stores,
7 swimming 16 Spain the city centre
8 Children 17 train
9 The children 18 the flute
1 a 4 the, an, the
10 the people
1 5 ^ 2 a, the, a 5 an, the
3 the, the, the 6 a, - , a, The
1 a I a, The, 9 -,th e
2 - , the The 10 The, The
3 the, the, 6 - 11 a, the, - 2 ex 5 anti 8 de
the 7 a 12 the, the 3 inter 6 semi 9 over
16>
4 a, the 8 a, the 4 under 7 pre 10 re
2 il 5 ir 8 in Prepositions
3 dis 6 no 9 dis
4 im 7 il 10 ir 2 about 9 to 16 of
22> 3 from 10 in 17 about
A 2 helpful B 1 organisation 4 with 11 in 18 to
3 assistance 2 excitement 5 of 12 to 19 for
4 clumsiness 3 colourful 6 for 13 to 20 to
5 frustration 4 explosion 7 for 14 to 21 of
5 expression 8 at 15 with 22 for
6 happiness
2 A 7 B 12 B 17 A
C 1 extension 4 impressive
3 B 8 B 13 B 18 B
2 builders 5 useful 23>
4 A 9 B 14 C 19 A
3 construction
5 A 10 C 15 C 20 B
6 B 11 A 16 A
1 We lost our luggage at the airport.
2 We went to Bath by car.
O ra l A ctivity
3 The police are searching for the stolen
painting. (Suggested answers)
4 Twenty kilometres is too far to travel to
She went to the hairdressers to get a new
school.
haircut.
5 A very reliable means of transport is the
train. She arrived at the stadium and sat in the
6 The criminal was sentenced to ten years in front row.
prison. She danced to wonderful music during
7 Two hovercraft almost collided at sea the performance.
yesterday. She was invited on the stage to meet the
8 I have three sisters-in-law. band.
9 Most people enjoy listening to music.
She sang a song with the lead singer.
10 The news is on TV at six oclock every
evening. She went for a meal in an expensive
restaurant.
Writing A ctivity
P h ra s a l V erbs
(Suggested answer)
2 with 12 up ... to the hairdressers to get a new haircut.
3 out 13 without I arrived at the stadium and sat in the front row.
4 up 14 up I danced to wonderful music during the
5 behind 15 apart
performance. Then, I was invited on the stage
6 away with 16 up
to meet the band, where I sang a song with the
7 up 17 behind
lead singer. Afterwards, I went for a meal in an
8 for 18 up
9 in 19 back on expensive restaurant, and finally I was driven
10 away with 20 in with home in a black limousine.
11 for
UNIT 5: Modal Verbs
2 could/couldnt 7 c o u ld n t/w a s n t ... may/might/could have been delayed in
3 was able to able to traffic.
4 can 8 cant ... may/might/could have gone to the
5 cant 9 could cinema.
6 was able to 10 can 6 ... may/might/could be asleep already.
7 ... may/might not have been promoted.
8 ... may/might/could have called while we
2 mustnt 5 mustnt
were out.
3 neednt/dont 6 must
9 ... may/might go shopping this afternoon.
have to 7 must
10 ... m ay/might/could be outside in the
4 neednt/dont 8 neednt/dont
garden.
have to have to
11 ... m ay/m ight not have received our
message.
2 d id n t need to 6 neednt have 12 ... may/might/could be visiting a friend.
hurry bought
3 neednt have 7 neednt have
2 can 7 cant
gone packed
3 mustnt/cant 8 must
4 didnt need to ask 8 didnt need to
4 must/have to 9 neednt
5 didnt need to buy pack
5 can 10 have to
6 neednt
A No, they cant be tired.
Yes, they must know each other. 2 could/were 5 were allowed
B Yes, they must go fishing often. allowed to 6 could/was
No, it cant be winter. 8>
3 was allowed to allowed to
No, they cant be bored. 4 could/were
C Yes, they must have walked up the allowed to
mountain.
Yes, they must enjoy walking. 2 was allowed to 5 Might
No, the weather cant be very hot. 3 Can 6 may
D Yes, she must have been interviewing the 9>
4 May I 7 Am I allowed
man.
Yes, she must be a reporter. 2 Shall 5 Will 8 Shall
No, they cant be in an office. 3 Will 6 shall 9 Will
4 shall 7 Will 10 Shall
2 ... cant know the secret.
3 ... cant have got a new car. 2 shouldnt/ought not to have bought
4 ... must have paid the phone bill. 3 shouldnt/ought not to eat
5 ... cant live here. 11>
4 shouldnt/ought not to have lifted
6 must have left the party early, 5 should/ought to drive/have driven/have
7 cant have called me. been driving
8 must have sent you a birthday card, 6 should/ought to be
9 must have been keeping secrets from 7 should/ought to have done
me. 8 shouldnt/ought not to have borrowed
10 .. must be looking for a new job.
11 .. cant have gone to the supermarket. 2 didnt need to 8 was able to
12 .. must be working at the library. 3 should 9 neednt
i2 >
4 May 10 May
5 could 11 shall, can
2 ... may/might be home soon.
6 cant 12 could
3 ... may/might not stay in a hotel.
7 Could
241
2 k 5 I 8 b 11 i 8 May/Might/Could/Can I take this chair?
1 3 * 3 j 6 a 9 d 12 g 9 You neednt/dont have to feed the dog.
4 e 7 h 10 c Ive already done it.
10 You should have locked the doors when
2 David cant be going to the party tonight. you went out.
1 4 * 3 The guests should arrive at 8 o clock. 11 You must take legal action.
4 Toby didnt have/need to go to school 12 We should/ought to obey the law.
today.
5 You should/ought to book a table in 2 A 4 B 6 A 8 B 10
advance. 3 B 5 A 7 B 9 A
6 They have to/must wear helmets at work.
*1 *
7 You must wait here until the manager
arrives. 2 cant/mustnt/ 7 may/might
8 Steve was able to repair the bike after 18, may not 8 must
trying for two hours. 3 Shall 9 must/have to
9 We may/might go to Italy for a holiday 4 May/Could/Can/ 10 cant/couldnt
next summer./lt is likely that we will go to Might 11 cant
Italy for a holiday next summer. 5 should/ought to 12 Shall
10 We have to wear a uniform for school. 6 mustnt/cant
11 You mustnt run in the corridors.
12 Lets invite some friends over to dinner./ 2 Tony may/might/could have gone to work
Shall we invite some friends over to 1 9 * early.
dinner?/We can/could invite some friends 3 Policemen have to wear a uniform while
over to dinner. on duty.
13 You neednt/d o n t have to buy me a 4 Simon was able to climb the mountain,
present. although it was steep.
14 Can/May/Could/Might I use your 5 You m ustnt/ca n t/are not allowed to
telephone? sound the alarm for no reason.
15 Shall I clean the windows for you? 6 Shall we watch a video this evening?/We
16 Lets go for a walk this afternoon./Shall we can/could watch a video this evening.
go for a walk this afternoon?/We can/ 7 Martin must have heard me calling him.
could go for a walk this afternoon. 8 Paul cant be an engineer.
242
7 could be at 11 away from 16 away with 21 away
8 should have your 12 to 17 through to 22 at
9 cant have meant 13 through 18 away with 23 through
10 neednt have helped 14 over 19 round
11 mustnt take your bag 15 on 20 over
12 must have understood
13 may have taken
14 are not allowed to run Prepositions
15 Jane be leaving school
16 likely that we will have 2 in 8 in 14 to 20 in
17 ought to start studying 30 3 for 9 at 15 on 21 on
4 after 10 in 16 with 22 about
5 at 11 of 17 on
2 neednt 6 Can 9 shouldnl
6 for 12 of 18 to
3 Could 7 May 10 ought
7 on 13 for 19 of
4 neednt 8 Shall, 11 have to
5 Shall Could 12 should
2 have already put 6 will arrive
31 3 will be/are 7 will take
2 co- 5 inter- 8 un- 4 will probably 8 went
3 bi- 6 over- 9 re- borrow 9 bought
4 de- 7 re- 10 un- 5 have arranged 10 will go/goes
2 impressive 10 collection
2 am meeting 6 was cutting
3 communication 11 attractions
32 3 has been baking, 7 made
4 expressive 12 sensitive
has made 8 lost/had lost
5 inventor 13 appreciation
4 has been feeling/ 9 starts
6 protective 14 active
has felt 10 are coming
7 explosion 15 explosive
5 Have you ever 11 will be skiing
8 possession 16 expression
been, went
9 extensive
2 A 4 B 6 A 8 C 10 B
Could you help me lift this box? Of course
33 3 B 5 A 7 B 9 A
I can.
I was allowed to go to Emmas party last
Saturday. 2 to join 5 stealing 9 to go
Need I book a table in advance? 3 going, to 6 speaking 10 to find
Can/Might/Could these flowers be from 34>
go 7 eating
your fiance? 4 to sew 8 cleaning
Although she was exhausted, she was able
to finish the race. 2 hasnt been to
You should brush your teeth twice a day. 35 3 the funniest joke
I had to have my car repaired last month. 4 is it since you took
The bus may/might/could be late today 5 still hasnt tidied
because there is a lot of traffic. 6 denied taking/having taken/that he had
taken
1 to 4 will 7 to 10 has 7 as energetic as
2 been 5 that 8 if 8 finds literature interesting
3 to 6 we 9 been 9 dances as gracefully as
10 was made to reveal
P h ra s a l V erbs
244
with 4 by 6 with 8 with 2 was arrested 7 is believed
by 5 with 7 by 3 is being 8 have been
questioned carried out
4 is thought 9 has been
The windows are being cleaned. 5 have committed discovered
He was tapped on the hand with her pen. 6 has been found 10 have left
I dont like being laughed at.
A lot of money is spent on food.
Is the car being washed by Sue? \ Yesterday afternoon, a sports day was
held by the school. John was entered for
Who was this mess made by? 10>
The children are going to be told a story the 100m race by his teacher because it
by Grandfather./A story is going to be told was thought that he was/he was thought
to the children by Grandfather. to be the fastest runner in the school. The
whistle was blown by Johns teacher and
9 The new sports centre will be opened
the race started. The air was filled with
soon.
10 He was made to confess to the robbery. loud cheers as John was cheered on by
11 I was shown some holiday pictures by his friends. All the other runners were
overtaken by John and, as had been
Liz./Some holiday pictures were shown to
expected, the race was won by John. He
me by Liz.
was given a trophy as a prize by the
12 Sam remembers being told about the
headmaster./A trophy was given to him as
party by his friend.
a prize by the headmaster.
13 He was heard calling for help.
14 Who was this mug broken by? B Do you think that electric cars will ever
15 A verdict will have been reached by the be used? The electric car has already
jury by the morning. been invented, but at the moment they
16 The essays will be marked by the teacher. are too expensive to be bought by most
17 Jam is made from fruit. people. Also, their batteries have to be
18 The doctor was sent for. recharged frequently. However, if electric
19 The grass hasn't been cut by Clive yet. cars were driven instead of the cars which
20 The car may not be repaired this week. are used today, the air we breathe would
be cleaner, as exhaust fumes would not
be pumped into the atmosphere.
2 ... are believed to have left the country.
3 ... is reported that the fire started by C Last week, Dawston was visited by the
Prime Minister. He was greeted by the
accident.
4 ... is known that he is making a lot of Mayor of the town when he arrived and
money. was given a tour. He was introduced to
5 ... are expected to arrive in time for dinner. some important businessmen and was
6 ... is said that she knows a lot about taken to lunch in a local restaurant. In the
gardening. afternoon, a meeting was held by the
7 ... is thought to be attending the meeting. Mayor and the citizens of Dawston were
8 ... are believed to be able to win the addressed by the Prime Minister. They
competition. were told that he had enjoyed his visit
9 ... is thought that the company is making very much.
a big profit.
10 ... is reported to have reached a decision. 2 An expert has valued the painting.
11 ... are said to have been responsible for i i 3 He likes people giving him presents.
the damage. 4 We must pay the bill immediately.
12 ... is expected that she will break the world 5 The hotel provides hot water 24 hours a
record. day.
13 ... is known that he has several foreign 6 A boy delivers our newspaper every
bank accounts. morning.
14 ... is reported that they have financial 7 A designer in Paris will make her wedding
problems. dress.
245
8 Several important art critics attended the 6 I am having my car repaired at the
meeting. moment.
9 The event organisers are making 7 The band have just had their new single
preparations. recorded.
10 The company has published an 8 We are going to have our new furniture
interesting book. delivered tomorrow.
9 They are having their new house
are joined decorated at the moment.
2 are found 11
3 is thought 12 are also known 10 We will have the windows cleaned.
are first roasted 11 I have had a new jumper knitted.
4 ever cultivated 13
is grown 14 are ground 12 We have to have the lock fixed.
5
6 reaches 15 are then 13 He is going to have a new pair of glasses
7 has processed made.
8 produces 16 are filtered
9 is called 17 are soaked 2 Mrs Brown was having her hair styled by
10 contains 18 is drunk the hairdresser.
3 She had the shopping carried to the
house by her son.
2 Melanie is having her picture taken.
4 Dad is going to have the grass cut.
3 Paul is having his tooth filled.
5 They used to have the house cleaned by
4 Helen is mopping the floor.
a cleaner.
5 Jane is having her nails painted.
6 Did Paul have his motorbike repaired by
6 Tim is pruning the tree.
the mechanic?
7 The boss had the letter typed by his
I can have my living room designed here. assistant.
I will have my suits cleaned here. 8 Joe had the dripping tap fixed by a
I will have my hair cut here. plumber.
I can have new locks made for the house 9 Have you had some photocopies made
here. by the secretary?
I will have my clothes mended here. 10 Tom was having his lunch cooked by the
chef.
2 She has all her clothes made specially for 11 Did you have the sofa delivered to you by
her. the shop?
3 They have had their house painted. 12 I had my purse stolen last Friday.
4 He had his car broken into. 13 Did you have your house decorated by a
5 She had her bag stolen. painter?
6 She has had party invitations printed. 14 Adam is having a new roof put on his
7 She is having her hair cut. house by the builders at the moment.
8 He is going to have his car serviced. 15 She had the silver polished by the maid.
9 They should have their roof repaired. 16 The man had his luggage taken to his
10 She should have her tyre fixed. room by the porter.
17 Did you have the flowers arranged by
2 ... will you have/are you going to have it Jenny?
decorated 18 When will you have your glasses made?
3 ... am going to have double glazing fitted 19 I had my party catered for by a
4 Are you going to have carpets laid professional.
5 Did you have your curtains delivered 20 Did you have the chimney swept (by
6 ... had the carpets cleaned anyone)?
21 She had the shopping done (by him).
2 She is having her skirt cleaned at the 22 They had their house burgled last night.
moment. 23 He had the fence built by a carpenter.
3 I have my hair trimmed once a month. 24 Julie has all her clothes ironed by the/her
4 We are going to have central heating house-keeper.
installed in our house next month. 25 He had his shops windows smashed in
5 Sam had a burglar alarm fitted last week. the riot.
2 is said to be 9 to be taught Prepositions
3 was repaired by 10 should be told
4 likes being 11 is being mended 2 for 14 with 26 for
listened to by 25 3 in 15 for 27 from
5 will be told off 12 were told about 4 in 16 at 28 in
6 haven't been 13 have her 5 of 17 to 29 of
locked wedding dress 6 with 18 for 30 from
7 being organised designed 7 with 19 to 31 of
by 14 had two of his 8 to 20 as 32 for
8 are expected to teeth 9 for 21 between 33 on
be present 15 will be given 10 from 22 to 34 for
11 on 23 with 35 with
2 package 12 enjoyment 12 in 24 to
3 independence 13 absence 13 of 25 about
4 attendance 14 inconvenience
5 performance 15 importance Sally has known Jim for about six
6 pleasant 16 evidence 26 months.
7 impression 17 innocence At ten o clock last night, I was baking an
8 healthy 18 presence apple pie.
9 correspondence 19 violence Pollution in cities is becom ing/has
10 ignorant 20 achievements become a serious problem.
11 reference 4 Who were you talking to just now?
5 Julie has written five letters so far.
1 He is said to have been promoted. 6 This time next week, Claire will be flying
2 This pie was made with shortcrust pastry. to America.
3 Who was this cake made by? 7 We visited our cousins last weekend.
4 Do you have your car serviced often? 8 The train from London arrives at 1.15.
5 Green clothes suit Katie. 9 Will you open the door for me, please?
6 The man was seen to hit the police 10 Im tired. I have been working hard all
officer. day.
7 The house has been decorated recently. 11 She used to play tennis when she was
younger.
12 I will call Sam when I have finished/finish
1 being 5 to 9 to
my homework.
2 to 6 was 10 been
13 We had done the shopping by the time the
3 been 7 had
shops closed.
4 it 8 that
14 She is talking on the telephone at the
moment.
P h ra s a l V erbs 15 Susan can walk the dog when she comes
home.
2 up 12 into 21 off
16 He had been waiting for half an hour
3 in 13 through 22 round
before his friend arrived.
4 down with 23 away
17 Paul will have finished writing the report
5 out 14 along/on 24 up
by lunchtime.
6 down with 15 down 25 back
18 I walk to school every day.
7 out 16 away 26 out
19 Last night, I was watching TV when the
8 through 17 in for 27 over
phone rang.
9 without 18 ahead 28 off
20 By the end of June, I will have been
10 over 19 off 29 back on
working here for six months.
11 off 20 by 30 round
247
2 ... is watched by many people. In 1924, the Forbidden City was renamed
28> 3 ... is needed to knit a jumper. the Palace Museum and was opened to
4 ... were planted by the gardener. the public.
5 ... was spent at the supermarket. It is visited by thousands of people every
6 ... are enjoyed by most children. year.
7 ... offered at the resort is excellent.
It was used as the set for the film The
8 ... were washed and hung out to dry.
Last Emperor, which was directed by
9 ... was examined before the article was
Bernardo Bertolucci.
written.
10 ... were told about the robbery. It might be used again in the future for a
11 ... are entertained in the living room. similar project.
12 ... were repaired and cleaned by the
optician.
Writing A ctivity
slowly, careless terribly, rude, (Suggested answer)
29 peaceful, politely
The construction of the Forbidden City was
certainly, seriously, funny,
completed in 1420. It is protected by high
wonderful cheerful
walls and a moat on all four sides. The country
sad, happily suddenly, hardly
carefully, quiet was governed from the Forbidden City for
nearly 500 years. In 1924, the Forbidden City
was renamed the Palace Museum and was
O ra l A ctivity
opened to the public. It is visited by thousands
(Suggested answers) of people every year.
It is protected by high walls and a moat on It was used as the set for the film The Last
all four sides. Emperor, which was directed by Bernardo
The country was governed from the Bertolucci. It might be used again in the future
Forbidden City for nearly 500 years. for a similar project.
Revision 2 (Units 1 - 6 )
10 B 18 B 26 C 34 B 12 ... were called immediately.
2 B
3 C 11 C 19 A 27 A 35 B
4 B 12 B 20 C 28 B 36 C 2 Some more flowers should be planted.
5 C 13 B 21 C 29 B 37 A 3 I object to my computer being used by
6 A 14 A 22 A 30 A 38 C her.
7 C 15 C 23 B 31 C 39 C 4 Are all the new staff trained by her?
8 A 16 A 24 A 32 C 40 B 5 The project will have been finished by next
9 B 17 A 25 A 33 C Friday.
The letters having been posted, John
went back to the office.
2 ... man was rude.
7 What was the safe opened with?
3 ... she bought was very expensive.
8 The contestants must be informed about
4 ... had been booked by his secretary.
the rules of the game.
5 ... is too small for me now.
9 All the beds had been made.
6 ... surround the house.
10 Has a poem been written for you by
7 ... is short and brown.
Danny?
8 ... is needed to be a teacher.
11 The dog was being fed by the children.
9 ... they cooked us was delicious.
12 All the doors were locked before she went
10 ... is her favourite food.
on holiday.
11 ... was great during their holiday/they had
13 Is my bicycle being repaired by Mark?
during their holiday was great.
248
14 The living room was decorated by Dad last 2 several, a few 6 few, several
week. 3 few, many 7 many, a great
15 It is believed that he should be given a 4 a couple of, many number of
medal. 5 a little, a small 8 much, very little
16 He was heard making the arrangements. amount of
17 She is known to be a successful
businesswoman./lt is known that she is a 2 about 7 on 12 of
successful businesswoman. 8 3 on 8 from 13 for
18 Who was this teapot broken by? 4 about 9 of 14 about
19 He is expected to arrive early in the 5 with 10 to 15 as
morning./lt is expected that he will arrive 6 for 11 to
early in the morning.
20 Why was that building pulled down? 9 off
2 in
21 He is said to be a very wealthy man./It is 10 back on
3 on/along
said that he is a very wealthy man. 11 off
4 up
22 When will my car be repaired? 12 away with
5 back on
6 away with 13 on
2 careful 9 relative/relation 7 up 14 in
3 assistance 10 frighten 8 behind 15 off
4 colourful 11 excitement
5 tourist 12 explosion 7 to 12 been
2 to
6 arrangements 13 expression
10 3 been 8 that 13 the
7 reception 14 impressive 9 been 14 being
4 has
8 description 15 attractive 10 to 15 to
5 the
6 bike 11 we
2 should be invited 12 should go and
3 must have been tidy
13 likes being asked Tony will have his car taken to the garage
4 will be sacked if
5 ought to mend 14 hasnt been tidied
11 tomorrow.
6 was cleaned (by 15 likely that we will Jane had her bag stolen last night.
Sally) go Paul had his jaw broken in a boxing
7 may have gone 16 is thought that he match.
8 got spilt 17 could have been We will have the new lock fitted on
9 is said to be held up Monday.
10 cant have 18 mustnt smoke He has just had his passport stolen.
forgotten 19 to be shown to They have their house decorated every
11 dont have to 20 neednt have year.
attend locked We had our rooms cleaned by our mother
this morning.
2 He cant be a policeman. Sally is going to have her wedding dress
3 They may/might move house this month. made next month.
4 She must have made this cake herself. 10 I have my salary deposited in my bank
5 He m ay/m ight/could have posted the account every month.
letters yesterday. 11 We have our grass cut by the gardener.
6 We may/might/could have won a prize. 12 I had my window broken during the
7 They cant eat meat. storm.
8 She must live with her parents. 13 He will have his photograph taken by his
9 I m ay/m ight/could be late for work friend.
tomorrow. 14 He had his case carried to the car by the
10 He may/might/could have gone to the chauffeur.
doctors. 15 They have their windows cleaned once a
11 We cant have missed the bus. month.
12 They may/might/could have been invited 16 How often do you have your eyesight
to the party. checked by the optician?
249
UNIT 7: Reported Speech
A 2 tell told 6 said 20 Zoe offered to make some tea.
3 said tell 7 told 21 The man told/said to his children (that)
they must/had to go home then.
B 1 told said 5 say
22 Sarah said (that) they were the boys who
2 said told 6 tell
chased/ had chased her.
C 1 told tell 5 told 23 Lynne told her friends (that) she is going
2 say say 6 said to a party tonight.
24 Laura said (that) she used to have long hair.
2 Tina told her (that) the library is/was huge. 25 Grandad said (that) there is/was too much
3 Paul told her (that) he was learning lots of violence on TV.
interesting things. 26 Andrew told her (that) she ought to make
4 Simon told her (that) the teachers were a decision soon.
very friendly.
5 Elaine told her (that) she would always (Suggested answers)
remember her time there.
6 Roger told her (that) he was taking his 2 But you told me he was moving house on
final exams the following month. Monday.
3 But you told me you liked Italian food.
2 She said (that) she was starting a new job 4 But you told me he couldnt speak any
the following week/the week after. foreign languages.
3 He told them (that) he had got his exam 5 But you told me you went out together
results the week before/the previous week. yesterday.
4 Sally said (that) she couldnt afford to buy 6 But you told me he was working in a bank.
the dress. 7 But you told me you didnt have to work.
5 He told/said to her (that) he would buy a 8 But you told me she didnt know about it.
car if he had enough money.
6 Frank said (that) it was the house where 2 Jill said (that) she had finished the letters
he had been born/was born. you had asked her to write.
7 Jill said (that) it had been/was a wonderful 3 The teacher said (that) pandas live/lived in
party. China. The tenses can either remain
8 The teacher said (that) oranges grow/ unchanged or change because the
grew in hot countries. statement is a general truth.
9 He said (that) a lot of people visit/visited 4 Dad says (that) its time for bed. The
museums. tenses do not change because the
10 The tour guide told us (that) it is/was a introductory verb is in the present simple.
very famous statue. 5 Toby said (that) he had to tidy his
11 Bob said (that) he didnt like the jacket. bedroom then.
12 The boy said (that) he is lost. 6 The article says (that) there has been an
13 She said (that) she might be a little late increase in the number of university
that evening. students. The tenses do not change
14 Mum told/said to Claire (that) she had because the introductory verb is in the
better clean up the mess. present simple.
15 She said (that) she has already done the 7 Mr Brown says (that) his son is going to
shopping. work abroad. The tenses do not change
16 Sue said (that) she found/had found the because the introductory verb is in the
note under the sofa. present simple.
17 He told/said to us (that) he wouldnt be late 8 He said that he should have bought her a
again. present.
18 She said (that) if she finished work early, 9 My sister always says (that) she is never
she would call me. going to have a pet. The tenses do not
19 He told the reporters (that) he had been change because the introductory verb is
training hard recently. in the present simple.
10 Alison says (that) the taxi is here. The 10 I asked the hairdresser if I could make an
tenses do not change because the appointment to have my hair cut.
introductory verb is in the present simple.
11 Mr Collins says (that) you neednt work 2 Uncle Bill asked us where our parents were.
late this evening. The tenses do not 8 * 3 Dad asked if/whether I would help him
change because the introductory verb is carry the box.
in the present simple. 4 Mum asked me what time I would be home.
12 She told me (that) she would pick me up 5 He asked her if/whether she could play the
at eight o clock. guitar.
13 He said (that) coal is/was found under 6 David asked Janet who had been/was at
ground. The tenses can either remain the door.
unchanged or change because the 7 They asked us where the post office was.
statement is a general truth. 8 Meg asked me when I would do my
14 She said to/told her son (that) he ought to homework.
go to the doctors. Ought to never 9 The boss asked me if/whether I had
changes. finished the reports.
15 She said (that) it was raining hard that day. 10 John asked Sam if/whether he liked
16 They said (that) they had never travelled computer games.
by plane before. 11 He asked her if/whether she would give him
17 They said (that) they might go to the a lift to work.
cinema that night. 12 She asked him where his jacket was.
18 Mum always says (that) you/l should wear
warmer clothes. Should never changes. 2 Simon asked him what the best part of his
9 j job was.
... I gave an amazing performance in the film. 3 Simon asked him what he found difficult
When I starred in Over the Moon in 1958, about acting.
Film Stars said that I brought any character to 4 Simon asked him how many films he had
life. Movie News said that I was always a starred in.
pleasure to watch. 5 Simon asked him what his favourite film
When I starred in The Secret House in was.
1961, Film Weekly said that I was the best 6 Simon asked him if/whether he had met
actress ever seen on screen. Movie Times said many other famous people.
that I had a gift which was very rare. 7 Simon asked him where he would most like
When I starred in Only for You in 1963, to make a film.
Film World said that I had made the film a 8 Simon asked him if/whether he had visited
success. Screen Play said that I truly was a star many interesting places.
of the screen. 9 Simon asked him what his plans for the
future were.
2 I asked the shop assistant how much the 10 Simon asked him if/whether he was happy
blouse cost. with his life.
3 I asked the doctor how many tablets I
should take each day. 2 He suggested going out for dinner.
4 I asked the librarian if I could borrow the 10> 3 Colin asked Dave to hold the book for
book for another week. him.
5 I asked the electrician if it would cost very 4 He asked her to close the door.
much to repair the television. 5 Father suggested going to the beach.
6 I asked the waiter if I might look at the 6 She suggested watching the game on TV.
menu. 7 He begged them not to hurt him.
7 I asked the teacher what I had to do for 8 The policeman ordered the thieves to put
homework. their hands up.
8 I asked the secretary when the report would 9 The man asked the waiter to bring him
be typed. some water.
9 I asked the florist if he/she would be able to 10 Jason begged his father to let him go to
deliver the flowers that day. the party.
11 The librarian told the boys not to make so me to lock the door before I left.
much noise. for forgetting to call me.
12 The chef told me to put the cake in the oven. that Stuart never listened to her.
going bowling that evening.
us to play near the road.
He told the students not to talk during the
the man of stealing his wallet.
exam.
about/of being the best basketball player
He told the students to raise their hand if
in the school.
they needed anything.
(to) taking/having taken/that she had
He told the students to write all their
taken the letter.
answers in pen.
10 that Sarah (should) stay/on Sarah staying
He told the students to answer all the
for lunch.
questions.
11 me to let him borrow my bicycle,
He told the students not to forget to write
12 me not to touch the oven because it was hot.
their name at the top of the page.
He told the students to check their
2 denied 8 threatened
answers again before they handed the
paper in. 16 3 advised 9 reminded
4 promised 10 accused
He asked the students to leave quietly
5 agreed 11 warned
when they (had) finished.
6 complained 12 insisted
7 suggested
2 ... told her dad (that) she wouldnt be
home that night. 2 Dennis accused Ann of lying/having lied
3 ... asked Mum if/whether I could have a 17 to him.
biscuit. 3 Tara promised Diana that she wouldnt
4 ... asked Jim to help her with the bags. tell/not to tell anyone her secret.
5 ... told him to hurry up. 4 Mum reminded me to post the letters.
6 ... told them to be quiet. 5 Sarah apologised to Frances for
7 ... suggested going to the theatre. ruining/having ruined her shirt.
8 ... told me we would discuss it later. 6 George denied using/having used/that he
had used Tim s computer.
2 Anna said (that) she is going shopping. 7 Mike warned the children not to get too
3 His friend told him to go away. close to the fire.
4 She asked me if/whether I was ready to 8 Simon suggested having a party.
leave. 9 Mum threatened to punish the twins if
5 He told/said to her (that) he would pick they behaved badly.
her up at five o clock. 10 She adm itted to breaking/having
broken/that she had broken the vase.
6 Ruth says (that) its time for lunch.
11 David asked me if he could use my
7 Marilyn asked when I/we arrived/had
phone.
arrived.
12 Sandra agreed to help me with the
8 She said (that) the meeting started ten
washing up.
minutes ago.
13 Mr Jones ordered the class to stop
9 My father told me not to be late. talking.
10 Pam told us (that) Tom had already left. 14 He begged us not to tell anyone about it.
11 Joe asked who was there. 15 She advised her brother to go to the
12 She asked me what colour skirt I bought/ dentists.
had bought. 16 The school bus driver ordered the
13 They told/said to him (that) they are children to sit down.
leaving early in the morning. 17 The policeman ordered the robbers to
14 Dad told the boys not to go near the fire. throw down their weapons.
15 Liz suggested having a barbecue that 18 Dad forbade Louise to stay out late that
weekend. night.
19 She insisted on the children/their washing
2 b 4 b 6 b 8 a their hands before eating dinner.
3 a 5 a 7 b She insisted that the children (should)
wash their hands before eating dinner.
20 Amanda exclaimed (that) it was the most 4 Why are you crying? Steve asked
beautiful necklace she had ever seen. Jenny./Why are you crying, Steve?
asked Jenny.
2 They gave an exclamation of 5 Im sorry Im late, he said. I was stuck in
surprise/delight as the fireworks traffic.
exploded in the sky. 6 Rachel said, Im afraid I cant help you.
3 He asked us to try to visit John. 7 I dont want eggs, she said to her
4 She gave an exclamation of delight as she mother. Id rather have a steak.
tasted the dessert. 8 We have to leave in five minutes, Sally
She exclaimed/said that it was a delicious said. Can you call us a taxi?
dessert/that the dessert was delicious. 9 Did you go to the library today? Sean
5 He gave an exclamation of surprise when asked me.
he saw the present. 10 Daniel said, Stop talking. I cant
6 She gave an exclamation of amazement concentrate.
when she saw the magicians act.
7 She wished him good luck. 2 Would you like to come to the cinema
8 She asked him if he could do the puzzle with me? she asked.
and he said he couldnt. Ill help you clean the house if you like,
he said.
(Suggested answers) 4 Were late, we said. We missed the bus./
Were late because we missed the bus,
2 He suggested going to the cinema,
we said.
explaining that they hadnt seen a film for
5 You should see a professional, she said.
months.
6 Yes, I (have) read your diary, she said.
3 Tim said that Dave was ill and added that
7 Yes, Ill help you interview the
he couldnt go to the party. Mike asked
candidates, she said.
what was wrong with him. Tim said that he
8 You broke my glasses, he said to me.
had got flu and explained that he had to
9 Were sorry we missed your dinner party,
stay in bed.
we said to them.
4 He said to/told her that she was early and
10 The children are always disturbing me,
went on to explain that he wasnt ready yet.
Edward said.
5 She told him to hurry up, explaining that
they were going to miss the bus. 2 Why dont we/Shall we go fishing this
6 She asked him if/whether he had his key,
22> afternoon?/ Lets go fishing this afternoon,
adding that she had forgotten hers. said Malcolm.
7 Colin said that he was going out and went 3 I didnt damage the car, said Simon.
on to say that he might be back late. 4 Kate asked Harry to open the door for her.
8 Sally told John that she had bought a car 5 I have met Kevin Costner, said Julia.
and went on to explain that it was being 6 She complained (that) he never listened
delivered the next day. John asked her when she was talking to him.
what kind of car it was. Sally told him that 7 The instructor explained (that) this was
it was a sports car and added that it had how we opened the parachute.
been/was very expensive. 8 She prom ised her friend (that) she
9 He apologised for being late and w ouldnt lose her necklace.
explained that he had overslept.
9 Please, please, let me go to the disco,
10 Martin asked James if he could help him Stuart said to his parents.
and went on to explain that he needed 10 His father forbade him to go to the concert.
some advice. James asked him what the 11 Mum agreed to let me stay out late on
problem was. Martin said that he didnt
Saturday.
know what to buy his mother for her 12 I want to speak to my lawyer, the man said.
birthday and added that he wanted to get 13 He told us that there were no tickets left.
something special. 14 The guide warned the climbers that the
path was very slippery.
2 Shall we go out tonight? Bill asked. 15 Will you write to me while youre away,
3 David said, Shut the door, please. please? he said to her.
2 Dave told them/said (that) they had been Prepositions
23 interviewing people for two weeks.
2 with 7 to 12 from 17 to
3 Lucy suggested contacting the Job Centre.
27 3 of 8 in 13 about 18 to
4 Ann said that she thought (that) Julie
4 to 9 from 14 of
Smith was looking for a job.
5 at 10 on 15 of
5 Tom agreed and added that they had
6 to 11 in 16 with
forgotten that she had been looking for a
job.
6 Dave said (that) Julie might be perfect for P h ra s a l V erbs
the job and went on to ask Ann if she had
2 in 10 back 19 off
her phone number.
28> 3 o ff/a w a y 11 back 20 out
7 Ann said (that) she did and offered to give
from 12 up with 21 down
her a call.
4 out 13 back 22 up with
8 Sam asked Ann not to forget to ask her if
5 up 14 on 23 on
she could work flexible hours.
6 up/out 15 down 24 up
7 off 16 out 25 out of
1 Anna says that lunch is ready. 8 on 17 back
2 They told me that it was a photograph of 9 up 18 out
24>
their family.
3 Brian told me that he had a new car.
4 Linda said she had seen the film the A 2 instructions B 1 successful
month before/the previous month. 29 3 attention 2 popularity
5 Tim asked me where I had been on 4 careful 3 fashionable
holiday. 5 wonderful 4 enjoyable
6 Alan told me that John must be in the office. 5 development
C 1 admiration D 1 disappointment
2 commitment 2 distraction
1 to 4 to 7 that 10 on
3 concentration 3 performance
2 being 5 to 8 do
25> 4 decisions 4 enjoyment
3 so 6 if 9 that
5 injuries 5 unbearable
254
O ra l A ctivity Writing A ctivity
(Suggested answers) (Suggested answer)
The reporter asked Mr Houston where he had ... that he thought everyone should have
found all the interesting objects and pictures. access to the tow ns history. I asked him
Mr Houston answered (that) he had been where he had found all the interesting objects
collecting them for years. and pictures and he said (that) he had been
The reporter asked Mr Houston if/whether he collecting them for years.
had always been interested in history. I asked Mr Houston if he had always been
Mr Houston said (that) he had, and added that interested in history. He said (that) he had, and
it was/had been his favourite subject at school. added that it had been/was his favourite
subject at school. I then asked him if he had
The reporter asked Mr Houston if/whether he
any other hobbies apart from history, and he
had any other hobbies apart from history.
said (that) he also enjoyed listening to
Mr Houston answered (that) he also enjoyed
classical music.
listening to classical music.
Finally, I asked Mr Houston what his hopes
The reporter asked Mr Houston what his for the museum were. He replied that he
hopes for the museum were. hoped (that) it would be popular with visitors
Mr Houston answered (that) he hoped that it and residents and (that) people would learn
would be popular with visitors and residents from i t ...
and (that) people would learn from it.
255
It was a kitten that Catherine found on 2 did I 5 did I 8 are we
Monday. 8 3 did we 6 will I 9 can I
It was on Monday that Catherine found a 4 have I 7 did I 10 am I
kitten.
2 Away flew the birds.
It was Clark Gable and Vivien Leigh 3 At the end of the road is my house.
who/that played the lead parts. 4 Onto the stage came the actors.
It was Margaret Mitchell who/that wrote 5 Up into the sky rose the aeroplane.
the original novel. 6 At the foot of the mountain stands the
It was in 1939 that the film was released. Grand Hotel.
It was in Atlanta that the film was first shown. 7 Down the street walked the policeman.
It was soon after its release that the film 8 Up the ladder climbed the window cleaner.
became a huge success.
It was nine Oscars that the film won in 1940. 2 ... had she fallen asleep than the
telephone rang.
It was Alison who/that made the 3 ... did we get lost, but (also) our car broke
bridesmaids dresses. down.
Where was it that you met Jason?/Where 4 ... have I heard such a terrible story.
ever/Wherever did you meet Jason? 5 ... did we realise that the jewels had been
Who was it that gave you this expensive stolen.
necklace?/Who ever/Whoever gave you 6 ... has business been so good.
this expensive necklace? 7 ... has the boss given him a bonus.
Is it that cake that you are going to buy for 8 ... should you enter this room.
the party? 9 ... meeting Peter several times did I get to
It was Steve who/that decorated the living know him.
room. 10 ... did the police know that the man was a
What was it that made you react like criminal.
this?/What ever/Whatever made you react 11 ... last summer have I been to the beach.
like this? 12 ... I known about the party, I would have
Why was it that you phoned the police?/ gone.
Why ever did you phone the police? 13 ... else have we had such a wonderful time.
Why is it that you dont remember my 14 ... I you, I would look for a new job.
birthday?/ Why ever dont you remember 15 ... had he entered the office when the
my birthday? manager called him.
10 It was this morning that we received the
letter. 2 must you give 4 will the show be
11 3 will you be able to 5 will you get
2 ... come in!
3 ... did they close the shop? (Suggested answers)
4 ... she needs is a pay rise.
12> had I got home 6 the alarm went off
5 ... promise to call him.
working late 7 have I had
6 ... it that you got married?
should you 8 should anyone
7 ... have you done?
did I lose else
8 ... tell you to be quiet.
9 ... Annie who/that opened the windows.
Only later did he realise what a difference
it would make to our lives.
(Suggested answers) 1 3 >
Never before had there been a drug like this.
2 .. a big house with a garden. Only by taking penicillin could patients
3 .. a three-week holiday. with infections be successfully cured.
4 .. listening to music. Not only did penicillin advance medical
5 .. doing the ironing. technology, but it also saved thousands
6 .. why she is not speaking to me. of lives.
7 .. what time they will arrive. Rarely do people die from infections these
8 .. relaxing on the beach. days.
... Vincent Van Gogh did was paint 2 peaceful 6 luxurious
beautiful pictures./Vincent Van Gogh 3 attractive 7 famous
14> 19>
painted was beautiful pictures. 4 beautiful 8 privacy
... that Mozart cared about was his music. 5 spacious 9 security
... was the Wright Brothers who made
the first aeroplane flight./was the first
Phrasal Verbs
aeroplane flight that the Wright Brothers
made. 2 out 12 on/upon 21 over/
... gave Charles Dickens great pleasure 3 up 13 over through
was writing. 2> 4 after 14 for 22 off as
... that Emily Pankhurst wanted was equal 5 out for 15 up for 23 off/away
rights for women. 6 up 16 out 24 up
... was in America that tobacco was first 7 out 17 forward 25 up to
discovered./was tobacco that was first 8 down on to 26 on
discovered in America. 9 through 18 up 27 into
... was Margaret Thatcher who/that 10 away 19 for 28 up to
became the first female Prime Minister of 11 up 20 on 29 up
Britain.
257
UNIT 9: Conditionals - Wishes -
Had Better/Would Rather - Unreal Past
3 When I phone ... 6 If she invites ... If a brave teenager hadnt saved the child,
4 If I visit... 7 When it starts .. he/she would have drowned.
5 When it comes ... 8 If he lends me . If it hadnt rained heavily, Creek Valley
wouldnt have flooded.
2 f If you put food in the fridge, it stays
fresh for longer. 2 says 7 didnt start
3 a If you dont water plants, they die. 3 wouldnt have 8 would be
4 b If you put water in the freezer, it got 9 had known
becomes ice. 4 will happen 10 would have
5 c If you leave metal out in the rain, it gets 5 dont keep fit started
rusty. 6 would try
6 e If you drop something, it falls to the
ground. 2 wouldnt have 9 get
7 h If you throw a pebble into the sea, it got 10 had put
sinks. 3 would put on 11 loses
8 g If you mix blue and yellow, you get 4 would be able to 12 wouldnt go
green. 5 would have told 13 would have
6 may/will ruin called
2 d If you want to dine out, go to Andres 7 was/were 14 will love
Restaurant. It has French food. 8 had known 15 will be
3 b If you want to visit a museum, go to the
Oceanographic Museum. It is popular 2 But for 7 Supposing
with tourists. 8 3 Unless 8 and
4 h If you want to see a play, go to the Fort 4 even if 9 In case of
Antoine Theatre. It has open-air 5 otherwise 10 as long as
performances. 6 What if 11 or
5 e If you want to watch athletics events,
go to the Louis II Stadium. It has hadnt bought,
1 will you buy 10
international competitions. would never have
2 speak, will invite
6 a If you want to see beautiful flowers, go won
3 have done
to the Princess Grace Rose Garden. It
4 would offer 11 go, will be
is open every day.
5 will miss 12 find, will buy
7 f If you want to observe wild animals, go
6 work, will fail 13 eat/have eaten
to the Zoological Gardens. They have
7 see, will ask 14 go, come back
recently been modernised. will never speak
8 would help, had 15
8 c If you want to go shopping, go to the
9 finds out
Casino Square. It has designer shops.
2 B 5 B 8 C 11 B 14 A
(Ss own answers) 10 3 B 6 A 9 A 12 C
4 C 7 A 10 C 13 A
258
If she were/was well-qualified, she would 2 could would 8 would
have got the job. 1 6 , 3 had had
If we liked fast food, we would have gone 4 was/were did
to the restaurant.
If she had brought her umbrella, she ... the Titanics distress signals would
wouldnt be getting wet now. 17 have been received.
If I knew them very well, I would have ... the loss of life would not have been so
gone to the party. great.
He would be at the lecture if he had been ... many people wouldnt have died.
told about it. ... some of the passengers would not
If they had taken a map with them, they have been rescued.
wouldnt be lost now. ... new rules would not have been made
If the driver were/was careful, he wouldnt to ensure that sea voyages would be safer
have crashed his car into a wall. in future.
10 If I had bought tickets, we could go to the ... it wouldnt have sunk so quickly.
theatre tonight.
11 If he had reserved a table, he wouldnt (Ss own answers)
have to wait for an hour. 18>
12 If Sue hadnt forgotten to go to the bank,
2 reading, watching 9 didnt make
she would be able to go shopping now.
19> 3 had played 10 work
13 If they hadnt missed their flight, they
4 book 11 not mention
would arrive today.
5 didnt tidy 12 had stayed
6 to stay 13 to spend
2 d If only drivers w ouldnt park illegally,
7 playing, doing 14 have eaten
says the traffic warden.
13> 8 have gone 15 not go
3 g I wish passengers would put their
luggage in the lockers, says the flight 2 had been heard 10 had told
attendant. 3 owned 11 had realised
4 b If only the customers would be more 20 > 4 had gone 12 met
polite, says the shopkeeper. 5 had known 13 learnt
5 c I wish campers w ouldnt light fires in 6 employed 14 hadnt
the forest, says the campsite owner. 7 had won misbehaved
6 a If only patients would take their 8 didnt interrupt 15 had known
medication properly, says the doctor. 9 saw
7 f I wish bathers would follow the safety
regulations, says the lifeguard. 2 hadnt confided 7 met
21 3 organise/have 8 had understood
2 hadnt shouted 10 had gone organised 9 have studied
3 would tidy 11 could afford 4 got 10 had not moved
i4 > 4 had practised 12 would stop 5 would you accept 11 had forgotten
5 would call 13 was/were 6 had asked 12 would have met
6 were/was going/could go
7 would stop 14 would help 2 or else you will 12 wishes she was/
8 had bought 15 had arranged 3 I were you were tall enough
22>
9 would try 4 wish my flat was/ 13 wish you would
were wipe
... I had booked a room. If I had booked a 5 had better not go 14 or else I will tell
15, room, I would have somewhere to stay now. 6 would rather eat 15 would rather go
... I hadnt eaten so much chocolate. If I 7 wishes she out
hadnt eaten so much chocolate, I hadnt spent 16 wish I had gone to
w ouldnt feel so ill now. 8 wish I had made 17 would have sent
... I hadnt touched the iron. If I hadnt 9 hadnt missed 18 for your help
touched the iron, my hand w ouldnt hurt 10 provided the 19 or else you will
so much now. weather gets 20 unless you
... I had got up earlier. If I had got up 11 had better write a practise
earlier, I w ouldnt be late now. letter
259
2 inability 10 misunderstood 2 C 5 B 8 C 11 B 14 B
3 disagree 11 influential 3 C 6 C 9 A 12 A
29>
4 financial 12 unlikely 4 A 7 C 10 A 13 A
5 illegal 13 suspicious
6 disastrous 14 wealthy 2 A 5 C 8 A 11 B
7 irresponsible 15 educational 3 B 6 A 9 C 12 C
3> 4 C 7 B 10 A
8 ambitious 16 impressive
9 impractical
2 Brian said (that) he met some friends in
31> town.
A 2 invitations B 1 attractive
3 He asked her where she had gone the
3 exception 2 acceptance
night before/the previous night.
4 arrangements 3 manager
4 She said (that) she would go out that
4 confirmation
night if she didnt have to work.
5 employment
5 He told her (that) she should ask her
C 1 valuable 4 collection teacher for help./He advised her to ask
2 expensive 5 unbelievable her teacher for help.
3 investment 6 He ordered them to clean up the mess.
7 He told me (that) birds make/made nests
in trees.
1 Youd better not be late for your interview. 8 He told us (that) Belgium is/was a small
2 We had better go soon. country.
3 Its high time you tidied your bedroom. 9 He said (that) he would help me paint the
4 Wed better do the washing-up. garage./He offered to help me paint the
5 Id rather the guests came at eight o clock. garage.
6 Unless you study, you w ont pass the 10 She told him (that) he can visit whenever
exams. he likes.
7 I wish we could afford a new car.
8 If you need any help, just call me. 2 We must have those cupboards mended
(by the carpenter).
32>
1 to 5 had 9 than 3 Have the shopping done by Sam.
2 will 6 will 10 if 4 Tony had his tooth taken out yesterday.
3 if 7 not 11 to 5 Claire is having her broken leg examined
4 had 8 or 12 will (by the doctor).
6 James had the parcel sent first-class.
7 We didnt go out. We had a pizza delivered.
P h ra s a l V erbs
8 Frank had the gift wrapped for him (by the
2 up 11 out 20 down shop assistant).
3 down 12 up with 21 back
4 through 13 back 22 up O ra l A ctivity
5 on 14 back 23 through (Suggested answers)
6 off 15 off 24 on
2 I wish I owned a sports car. If I owned a
7 down to 16 on 25 out
sports car, I could go wherever I liked.
8 on 17 for 26 down
3 I wish I could meet Eric Clapton. If I met
9 up 18 through 27 on
Eric Clapton, I would ask him to give me
10 by/aside 19 up 28 away
guitar lessons.
4 I wish I could sing well. If I could sing well,
P re p o s itio n s I would join a band.
5 I wish I had lived in medieval times. If I had
2 on 7 out of 12 for 17 in lived in medieval times, I might have met
3 To 8 On 13 in 18 at many interesting people.
4 on 9 in 14 out of 6 I wish I hadnt argued with my friend. If I
5 with 10 at 15 by hadnt argued with my friend, I wouldnt
6 under 11 in 16 for be so unhappy.
Revision 3 (Units 1 - 9 )
2 A 9B 16 A 23 A 30 C 2 would listen 9 w o u ld n t/d id n t
3 C 10 A 17 B 24 A 31 B 3 hadnt gone have
4 B 11 A 18 B 25 C 32 A 4 had applied / 10 had apologised
5 B 12 C 19 C 26 B 33 A would apply 11 hadnt made
6 C 13 B 20 C 27 B 34 C 5 hadnt arrived 12 wouldnt borrow/
7 B 14 A 21 B 28 C 35 C 6 had hadnt borrowed
8 C 15 C 22 C 29 A 7 were 13 had remembered
8 were 14 had invited
15 knew
too late did I see 13 whether I knew
if you dont leave where 2 ... has she been to such a good party.
wish I could afford 14 before had they 3 ... have I met such polite people.
I you, I would heard 4 ... have they visited the museum in the town.
reminded Bill to 15 would rather stay 5 ... did I realise that the window was broken.
lock at home 6 ... did I take the picture, but I (also)
did she know 16 denied leaving / developed it.
(that) she denied having
7 ... have they taken such an important exam.
provided you left 8 ... had I closed the door than Bill opened it
wake up 17 wishes she again.
admitted (to) hadnt shouted 9 ... has he heard such an amusing joke.
having broken / 18 did I go to 10 ... have they taken a day off work.
admitted (to) 19 I realised what 11 ... has he asked us to help him.
breaking time it 12 ... had they sat down than the film started.
10 or else I will tell 20 exclaimed (that) 13 ... did he notice that the music had stopped.
11 unless you study it was 14 ... has she attended an audition.
12 should you touch 15 ... did I break the glass, but I (also) cut my
finger on it.
2 She invited him to her party.
2 shall 7 have to 11 could
3 Paul boasted about/of being the fastest
3 mustnt 8 was able 12 Might
runner in the school.
4 ought to to 13 Shall
Paul boasted that he was the fastest
5 Could 9 neednt 14 must
runner in the school.
6 Can 10 must 15 may
She promised to phone him every week
while she was away.
2 The money was donated by a wealthy
He warned us not to go near the waterfall.
businessman.
She asked her brother to lend her some
3 An important discovery was made by
money.
scientists last weekend.
The boss ordered his employees to wait
4 Who was Susans portrait painted by?
outside.
5 The deposit for the new flat was paid by
She asked the man if she could borrow
Simon.
his pen.
6 The washing-up was done before they
Mum asked me if I would like to help her
watched TV.
make dinner.
7 The arrangements for the school trip were
10 He denied borrowing Tom s football.
made by Jenny.
11 Mum reminded me to water the plants.
8 What was the village destroyed by?
12 He apologised to her for being late.
9 All the fruit was eaten by Melissa.
13 Linda suggested going for a walk.
10 Jims birthday cake was decorated by Mother.
14 Adam complained of having toothache.
11 I was introduced to the managing director
15 She begged him to help her.
of the company by Gordon.
12 The vase in the dining room was broken
by the cat.
261
2 to 7 of 12 under 2 like 7 when 12 will
3 on 8 about 13 of 3 to 8 it 13 than
4 from 9 in 14 on
> 4 if 9 to 14 to
5 about 10 of 15 To 5 it 10 that 15 do
6 of 11 into 6 he 11 you
2 decision 11 expensive
2 up 7 away 12 out
11 3 height 12 beneficial
3 away 8 out 13 up
4 kindness 13 extension
4 on 9 up to 14 off/aw
5 generosity 14 signature
5 on 10 back 15 up
6 revision 15 competition
6 back 11 out
7 explosive 16 communication
8 complaints 17 sensible
9 impatience 18 active
10 relief
267
14 Brian is good at Maths whereas his sister 10 a Even though Celine Dion is my
is good at Science. favourite singer, I havent been to any
15 Janet is clever. Still, she finds some of her concerts,
subjects difficult. b Celine Dion is my favourite singer.
16 Despite (his) being rich, he is not However, I havent been to any of her
happy./Despite the fact that he is rich, he concerts.
is not happy.
2 did not speak 7 has been playing/
2 a It was a lovely day. However, they 18 3 is going to rain had been
i7 > stayed inside. 4 is burning playing/ has
b In spite of it being a lovely day/ln spite 5 was/were played/had
of the fact that it was a lovely day, they 6 had been played
stayed inside. running 8 had known
3 a Martin is a good cook. Still, he rarely
cooks for his friends, 2 who B 7 when A
b Though Martin is a good cook, he 3 where A 8 who B
rarely cooks for his friends./Martin is a
i* >
4 which B 9 where A
good cook. He rarely cooks for his 5 whose A 10 where A
friends, though. 6 when B
4 a The house is in bad condition, even
though they paid a lot of money for it.
2 which 5 which 8 where
b The house is in bad condition. 20 3 who 6 which
Nevertheless, they paid a lot of money
4 who 7 where
for it.
5 a Despite the lecture being very
im portant, few students attended./ 2 who/that 9 (which/that)
Despite the fact that the lecture was 3 (why/that) 10 why
21>
very important, few students attended, 4 (which/that) 11 where
b The lecture was very important, yet 5 (which/that) 12 who/that
few students attended. 6 (where) 13 whose
6 a Although there wasnt much food in the 7 who/that 14 (when/that)
fridge, we managed t6 make a meal, 8 (when/that) 15 whose
b There wasnt much food in the fridge.
However, we managed to make a meal. 2 where 7 which 12 why
7 a She hadnt slept well. Still, she looked 3 which 8 which 13 which
22>
fresh and lively, 4 who 9 why 14 who
b In spite of not having slept well, she 5 whose 10 where 15 where
looked fresh and lively./ln spite of the 6 where 11 which
fact that she hadnt slept well, she
looked fresh and lively. 2 A: ... which/that Sam has gone to is at his
8 a His parents are very rich. Nevertheless, 23 friends house.
he never asks them for money, B: ... Sam has gone to is at his friends
b His parents are very rich, yet he never house.
asks them for money. 3 A: ... who/whom/that I was talking to is
9 a Though I had seen the film before, I my boss.
enjoyed watching it again./I had seen B: ... I was talking to is my boss.
the film before. I enjoyed watching it 4 A: ... who/whom/that she works for is very
again, though, famous.
b Despite having seen the film before, I B: ... she works for is very famous.
enjoyed watching it again./Despite the 5 A: ... which/that I lent to Pam is made of
fact that I had seen the film before, I leather.
enjoyed watching it again. B: ... I lent to Pam is made of leather.
264
My father has a large collection of coins, 15 London, where the Houses of Parliament
24 many of which are foreign. are, is the capital of England. (Nl, cannot
I baked lots of biscuits yesterday, very few be omitted)
of which are left now. 16 My favourite time of the year is summer,
She knows lots of people at work, a few of when the weather is hot. (Nl, cannot be
whom are from New Zealand. omitted)
I have four aunts, none of whom are 17 The woman who/that won the lottery gave
married. an interview to the newspaper. (I, cannot
There are thousands of trees in the forest, be omitted)
some of which are very old.
2 that I repaired 8 who commit
... (who/whom) I went to is a friend of mine 3 who owns the crimes
25 (who/ whom) I met at university. company 9 when the shops
... which/that won the competition was which is why I 10 which was very
written by a schoolboy who was thirteen never kind
years old. whom you were 11 who lives next
... someone with his homework, whose talking to/to whom door
name is Alec and who is a classmate of you were talking 12 which I bought
mine. who broke the last week
... whose house is going to be pulled window 13 whom she
down, is looking for a new flat. where he lived interviewed
... which is a bestseller, is written by when
Nathan Davis, who has written ten novels.
as long as 8 Although
My office, which is very big, is on the first 28^ In conclusion 9 when
26 floor. (Nl, cannot be omitted) in order to 10 such as
Martin, who works in the library, writes because 11 apart from
poetry in his spare time. (Nl, cannot be However 12 while
omitted) so
That's the woman whose house was
burgled last week. (I, cannot be omitted) Claire is very tall. What is more, she is
The day when/that I left school was hot 29 very thin.
and sunny. (I, can be omitted) Despite (my) being tired/the fact that I was
Sarah Jones, w ho/whom I knew at tired, I watched the late film.
university, is a doctor now. (Nl, cannot be John did his homework while his brother
omitted) tidied the kitchen.
This is the girl whose letter was printed in Tom likes football whereas Stuart likes
the newspaper. (I, cannot be omitted) basketball.
This CD, which I bought yesterday, is The phone rang as soon as he fell asleep.
awful. (Nl, cannot be omitted) She brushed her teeth, then she went to
Tina, who lives next door, is a wonderful bed.
cook. (Nl, cannot be omitted) We went to the shops. After that, we had
10 People who/that play musical instruments lunch.
are called musicians. (I, cannot be omitted) I enjoy reading books as well as watching
n The cafe where we had lunch served TV.
delicious food. (I, cannot be omitted) 10 Neither Jason nor Paul likes tomatoes./
12 This is the reason why/that I havent Jason doesnt like tomatoes and neither
finished. (I, can be omitted) does Paul.
13 My friend Peter, who has just moved to
Wales, sent me a long letter. (Nl, cannot She invested some of her money in bonds
be omitted) 3 > in order to increase her income.
14 My boss, whose office is next to mine, is He is a good sportsman as well as a
on holiday at the moment. (Nl, cannot be talented writer.
omitted) Neither Sandra nor Louise can cook.
265
5 I will drive you to school provided (that) 10 so tight that
you are ready on time. 11 due to the fact that
6 Thats the house which my uncle built. 12 as if she was/were going
7 She left the taps running. As a result, the 13 such an expensive hotel that
bathroom flooded. 14 in case you lose
8 They did the washing-up after they had 15 to avoid forgetting
eaten lunch. 16 most of whom
9 It was so hot that we decided to go for a 17 and consequently he was
swim. 18 as if someone has put
10 This is the restaurant where we had lunch. 19 which was very polite
20 whose novel became
21 who live abroad
2 Simon is often invited to parties since he
31 is a popular person.
3 I had a great holiday even though it rained 1 He ran down the road so as not to/in
all the time. 37> . order not to miss the bus.
4 Paul is a builder whereas Robin is a 2 Despite his talents, he is very shy.
plumber. 3 This is the girl whose parents own the
5 We had salad for lunch because we both hotel.
want to lose weight. 4 She often acts as if she was/were better
6 My teacher is very kind. On the other than everyone else.
hand, she can be strict at times. 5 She makes such delicious food, she
ought to be a chef.
a 2 wherever b 1 To begin with 6 When I see her, Ill invite her to the party.
32 3 Furthermore 2 because 7 His house, which is very old, is opposite
4 so 3 However the post office.
5 Finally 4 as a result 8 This is the book which I borrowed from
6 On the whole 5 so as not to the library.
6 Whenever 9 Jane finished writing the letter at 8
7 To sum up o clock. She had started writing it an hour
before.
2 As a result 5 In the end 10 Is she the woman who lives next door to
33 3 In addition 6 as soon as you?
4 so 7 In short 11 Youd better take a jumper in case it
is/its cold.
2 apart from 8 in order that 12 The town where I grew up/which I grew
34 > 3 In short 9 due to the fact up in has changed a lot.
4 that that
5 At last 10 while 1 will 4 he 7 his 10 an
6 so long as/ 11 provided that/so 2 that 5 there 8 will 11 will
38
provided that long as 9 for 12 so
3 an 6 of
For instance 12 What is more
2 dis 5 un 8 mis
2 A 4 A 6 B 8 A 39 3 im 6 im 9 un
35 3 B 5 C 7 C 9 B 4 il 7 de 10 ir
266
Phrasal Verbs 2 of 5 was 8 out
45 3 whose 6 to 9 with
2 down/over 12 out 4 won 7 until/till 10 one
3 over 13 into/up against
4 to 14 off
5 up 15 away 2 ache/are aching 7 dont see
6 across 16 out of 46 3 tastes 8 are you tasting
7 about 17 down 4 am weighing 9 am seeing
8 through 18 through 5 dont remember 10 am thinking
9 away with 19 into 6 think
10 down 20 off
11 up against/into 21 through 1 being 6 - 11 been
47 2 - 7 - 12 at
3 that 8 - 13 will
P re p o s itio n s 4 it 9 the 14 to
5 of 10 the 15 -
1 out of 8 from 15 out of
2 on 9 In 16 for
3 without 10 for 17 in O ra l A ctivity
4 at 11 off 18 on
15th June is the day (when/that) we wish
5 under 12 in 19 on
to perform the play.
6 on 13 by 20 at
Macbeth is the play (which/that) we want
7 by 14 in
to put on.
David Lee is the boy who/that will play
2 had done 7 enjoyed/was Macbeth.
3 will send enjoying Sophie Jenkins is the girl whose mother
4 would help 8 didnt play has offered to make the costumes.
5 have eaten 9 would you buy Mark Taylor is the boy whose father has
6 hadnt forgotten 10 had known agreed to advertise the play.
250 is the amount (which/that) we hope
2 you type any faster to raise for charity.
3 is likely (that) we will The RSPCA is the charity (which/that) we
4 agreed to help me with wish to donate the money to.
5 had my bag stolen
6 the most wonderful song
Writing A ctivity
7 was allowed to go
8 been playing the guitar since ... the day (when/that) we wish to perform
9 found her behaviour annoying the play. Macbeth is the play (which/that) we
10 should be told about want to put on and David Lee is the boy
11 neednt have done who/that will play Macbeth. Sophie Jenkins is
12 why Michael was the girl whose mother has offered to make the
13 was too difficult for me costumes and Mark Taylor is the boy whose
14 is being repaired by father has agreed to advertise the play. 250 is
15 did we know (that) the amount (which/ that) we hope to raise for
16 is not strong enough charity and the RSPCA is the charity
17 were sent (which/that) we wish to donate the money to.
18 ought to phone
267
UNIT 11: Pronouns - Possessives-
Demonstratives - Quantifiers
1 him 4 her 7 me, He, 11 We had a barbecue in Bob and Maries
2 He, he, I 5 I, her he garden.
3 she, her 6 Me 12 The inspector looked at the passengers
tickets.
1 It 6 It, it 11 it
2 There, it 7 it 12 There, it 2 it 6 it 10 you 14 me
3 it 8 one, it 13 It 3 your 7 your 11 she
9 >
4 There, It 9 There 4 their 8 it 12 her
5 one 10 There 5 they 9 them 13 my
269
3 The childrens area is run by experienced Prepositions
staff.
4 There isnt anything/is nothing good on 2 on 7 on 12 at 17 before
television this evening. 3 for 8 for 13 on 18 by
35>
5 The boy had a cut on each knee. 4 out of 9 for 14 on 19 on
6 We have rarely been anywhere as 5 off 10 out of 15 at 20 under
beautiful as this. 6 within 11 in 16 from
7 He works a lot harder than me / 1do.
8 What have you told the other staff? Phrasal Verbs
9 The cupboard was right next to him.
10 Dont drink all the lemonade by yourself. 2 out/off 13 away 24 out
Offer some to your friends. 3 after 14 in 25 off
36>
11 She spent all day/the whole day talking 4 by 15 up 26 up for
to customers. 5 in 16 out 27 over
12 We have all been invited to Samanthas 6 off 17 up to 28 off
party. 7 aside/by 18 up on 29 to
13 The teacher patted her on the head. 8 for 19 down 30 aback
14 That dog is hurt. One of its paws is bleeding. 9 up 20 on 31 in for
10 back 21 up 32 away
15 These are Janes and Claires school bags.
11 off/out 22 up 33 off
16 All my clients/clients files are on the desk.
12 out 23 in
17 Ive visited nearly every house on this list.
18 This jacket is my father-in-laws.
19 Theres someone here to see you. It must 2 I always lock the doors and windows to
be your sister. avoid being burgled.
37>
20 Feel free to ask any question you like. 3 I went to the bank to withdraw some money.
4 Lets take an umbrella in case it rains.
5 The bus was so late that they had to take
1 of 6 it 11 people
a taxi.
2 herself 7 one 12 a
6 It was such an expensive dress that she
3 of 8 she 13 a
couldnt afford it.
4 the 9 she 14 person
7 I went to a party and, as a result, I stayed
5 one 10 ones
up very late.
8 Stuart cant go to the concert since he has
2 paid no attention 10 dress herself no money.
3 both Emily and 11 make myself 9 They are such rich people that they dont
her brother understood have to work.
4 hasnt got much 12 you enjoy 10 Pauline doesnt wear a watch and
5 nor Peter was yourself consequently she is often late.
6 was sitting by 13 an hours drive 11 She felt lonely although she was
herself 14 could borrow surrounded by lots of people.
7 are not many anything I wanted
people who 15 none of the three 2 where 5 whose 8 why
8 the whole day boys 38> 3 which 6 who
9 someone elses 16 time on my own 4 who 7 where
briefcase 17 John or Martin
O ra l A ctivity
1 achievement
2 creative, originality (Suggested answers)
3 attendance, performance, pleasant Neither The Capri nor Marcos serves
4 government, advertising, discouraging much vegetarian food.
5 absence, inconvenience Both The Capri and Marcos have a lot
6 excitement, thought of regular customers.
7 inventor, protective, explosion Both The Capri and Marcos receive
8 owner, extensive, collection, valuable very few complaints.
Neither The Capri nor Marcos employs Writing A ctivity
many people.
Both The Capri and Marcos need a (Suggested Answer)
little redecorating. ... of them serve/serves much vegetarian food.
Neither The Capri nor Marcos charges Both of these restaurants have a lot of regular
much for a meal. customers and both receive very few complaints.
Both T he C apri and M arcos have Neither The Capri nor Marcos employs
several special offers every month. many people and both need a little redecorating.
However, neither The Capri nor Marcos
charges much for a meal and both restaurants
have several special offers every month ...
271
a is going to the theatre this evening 2 dont they, they 10 doesnt he, he
b is Linda going this evening dont doesnt
a bought Ralph a present yesterday 3 w ont he, he will 11 havent they, they
b did Anne buy a present for yesterday 4 doesnt she, she have
a bag is on the chair doesnt 12 doesnt he, he
b is Fays bag/bag is Fays 5 havent you, I does
have 13 am I, youre not/
was it from 5 is she excited 6 arent I, you are you arent
does he come about 7 are they, they are 14 w ont they, they
from 6 did she play with 8 will you, I w ont will
was it about 7 did he write (it) to 9 didnt you, I did 15 didnt you, I did
8 did you go with
1 havent you, arent there
Dont they live here any more? 2 w ont you, am I, didnt you, are you
15>
8 Cant she drive a car? 3 have you, didnt I, did she, isnt it
Doesnt he understand what he has to
do?
2 isnt there \ 8 isnt he \
D ont you know the answer to this
i 6> 3 w ont she * 9 havent you *
question?
4 cant she * 10 w ont it \
6 Didnt he offer you anything to drink?
5 dont you \ 11 hasnt he \
7 Havent we got any milk left?
6 dont they * 12 isnt it *
8 Couldnt you do anything to help him?
7 dont we *
2 Dont you know
3 Havent you already seen Paul doesnt like going to the theatre.
4 W ont/Cant/C ouldnt you help Neither do I.
5 Havent you typed 2 Sally is good at Maths, isnt she?
6 Arent you cold/lsnt it cold 3 She never writes to you, does she?
4 Mark is going to the supermarket. So
2 who that woman is. am I.
10 3 what time the next train leaves? 5 Who made all this mess?
4 how much this dress costs? 6 Could you tell me when the bus leaves?
5 where Mary lives. 7 Come back soon, wont you?/will you?
6 if/whether the police are investigating the 8 She seldom receives visitors, does she?
robbery? 9 Everybody is here now, arent they?
7 if/whether the caller left a message.
8 if/whether he is the manager.
9 who reported the crime? 1 did 6 not 11 not
10 how they found the missing jewellery? 2 she 7 ago 12 does
18>
3 it 8 does 13 did
4 mean 9 do 14 look
2 F 3 T 4 F 5 T 5 not 10 not
11
272
Prepositions 5 SA: How much hom ework do the
teachers give us?
2 For 8 on 14 On SB: Not too much.
3 on 9 15 in 6 SA: When do we have lunch?
20> 4 off 10
By
in 16 against SB: At twelve o clock.
5 from 11 at 17 by 7 SA: Why does the teacher take the
6 under 12 in 18 out of register?
7 out of 13 at 19 on SB: To make sure everyone is here.
8 SA: How do I get to my classroom?
1 impressive SB: I will take you there.
21 2 importance, evidence
3 innocence, presence, violence Writing A ctivity
4 careful, harmful (Suggested answers)
5 tourists, accommodation, peaceful
Charlotte: Where do we play during the break?
6 lucky, financial, successful, wealthy,
Ian: In the playground.
numerous
Charlotte: Can we eat in the classrooms?
Ian: No, we cant.
2 action 6 operations
Charlotte: Where do we eat lunch?
22> 3 adventurous 7 incredibly
Ian: In the school canteen.
4 interesting 8 unusual
Charlotte: What/Which is your favourite subject?
5 dangerous
Ian: Maths.
Charlotte: Which class are you in?
leave until you 7 had better not go Ian: 4B.
23 tidy/have tidied 8 in case she Charlotte: Who is your favourite teacher?
I were you wanted Ian: Mrs Ford.
wish I had 9 because of the Charlotte: What is the headmasters name?
in spite of (his) 10 would rather Ian: Mr Clark.
being make Charlotte: What time does school finish?
as the teacher Ian: At half past three.
was
When was the parcel delivered (by the Words often Confused
24> postman)?
They are being told a joke by Emily.
Were the results announced on the radio? 1 1 a9 2 before 3 before 4 ago
Tina cant stand being interrupted.
He expects to be given a lift by his father.
1 beside 3 Besides
2 C 5 A 8 A 11 B 14 B
2 beside 4 besides
3 C 6 C 9 B 12 B
25>
4 B 7 C 10 A 13 C
1 after 3 afterwards
2 afterwards 4 After
O ra l A ctivity
(Suggested answers)
1 good 3 good 5 well
2 SA: Where do I put my coat?
2 well 4 well
SB: In the cloakroom.
SA: How many children are there in my
class? 1 hard 3 hardly
SB: Twenty. 2 hardly 4 hard
SA: How often do we have exams?
SB: Once a year.
0 ^ 1 Its 2 Its 3 its 4 its
275
1 quite 3 quite . _ 1 on time 3 in time
2 enough 4 enough * 2 in time 4 in time
1 listen 3 hear
2 heard 4 listens
275
2 have been 9 have you worked/ 2 walking by 12 doesnt have
thinking have you been 16 herself much time/hasnt
3 starts working 3 as if he hadnt got much time
4 havent eaten 10 arrives/has 4 half an hours 13 on his own
5 w ont get arrived walk/ a half-hour 14 arent many
6 will be sleeping 11 made walk people
7 was doing 12 Will you be going/ 5 in which 15 because he had
8 will help Are you going 6 both Sam and run
Andrew 16 the whole
2 something 7 someone 7 in case you want afternoon
3 anywhere 8 anything/ 8 so as to finish/so 17 was such a funny
4 no something that she could film
5 somewhere 9 nowhere finish 18 people that/who
6 no one 10 some 9 some of whom drop litter
10 whose parents 19 make myself
live understood
2 him 6 That
11 due to the 20 neither of the two
3 their 7 everything
women
4 the 8 much
5 themselves
2 helpful 10 thoughtful
17 3 disturbance 11 decision
2 on 7 on 12 for
4 enjoyment 12 achievement
3 At 8 by 13 at
5 beneficial 13 protective
4 on 9 out of 14 for
6 successful 14 denial
5 without 10 against 15 by
7 patience 15 advisable
6 out of 11 by
8 destruction 16 competition
9 operation
2 on 7 off 12 out/off
3 down 8 in 13 on 2 not 6 her 10 did 14 will
4 for 9 up 14 in 18 3 the 7 for 11 it 15 she
5 up 10 out 15 out 4 he 8 not 12 a
6 up 11 up 5 one 9 it 13 ones
2 A 5 C 8 B 11 A 14 B
19 3 C 6 A 9 A 12 C 15 A
4 B 7 C 10 B 13 C
277
15 apologised for being 29 She agreed to give him a lift into town.
16 insisted on Sallys tidying 30 Dad threatened to send Jamie to his room
17 did we know that if he misbehaved.
18 before had I eaten 31 Pam asked me if she could have a cup of
19 whether I could help him tea.
20 do I have time 32 He admitted to spilling/having spilt the
coffee.
21 Julie promised Tim that she w ouldnt 33 She reminded him to do the shopping.
forget to call. 34 The policeman ordered the thieves to put
22 Martin denied breaking the dish. their hands up.
23 Dad forbade us to watch the late film. 35 We insisted that they stay for dinner.
24 Joanne exclaimed that it was the best
cake shed ever tasted. 36 Colin who left the door open.
25 Mum advised Peter to go to the doctors. 3 * 37 she needs is a new house.
26 He suggested going for a walk. 38 be quiet!
27 He begged her to take him with her. 39 it that you moved to London?
28 The teacher ordered the class to be quiet. 40 did promise to write to me.
Express Publishing
ISBN L - f l M 51, b - 3bf l - X Components