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Atoms & Molecules
Atoms & Molecules
and Ions
AtomicNumber,MassNumberand Isotopes
All atomscan be identified by the number of protons and neutrons they contain. The
atomic number(Z) isthe numberof protons in the nucleus of each atomof an element. In
a neutral atom,the number of protons is equal tothe number of electronspresent in the
atom.
The chemical identity of an atomcan be determined solely from its atomicnumber. For
example atomicnumber of oxygen is 8. This means neutral oxygen atomhas 8 protons
and8electrons.
The massnumber (A) isthe total number of neutrons and protons present in the nucleus
of an atomof an element. Exceptforhydrogen (which has only one proton), all atomic
nucleicontainbothprotonsandneutrons.
Themassnumber ( A ) = P + N = Z + N = at omic number + number of ne ut rons
Thus, N (numberofneutrons) = A Z
massnumber
A
Z X
atomicnumber
Atomicnumber, number of neutrons, and massnumber of all mustbe positive integers
(wholenumbers).
Atomsof a given element do not have the same mass.Mostelements have two or more
isotopes (atomsof sameelement that have the sameatomicnumber but different mass
numbers).
e.g.,therearethreeisotopesofhydrogen .
1
1H hydrogen 1P 0N
2
1H deuterium 1P 1N
3
1H tritium 1P 2N
Thus,isotopeshavedifferentnumberofneutrons.
The chemical propertiesof an elementare determined primarily by the protons and
electrons in itsatoms, neutrons do not take partin chemical changes under normal
conditions.Therefore,isotopesofthesameelementhavesimilarchemicalreactions.
Average massnumber of natural occurring element containing twoor moreisotopes is
givenby
AX + AX +
A = = AX1 1 2 2 K
X X1 + X 2 +
K
where AA
1 , 2 , K are mass numbers of the different isotopes Gra ms ofA Gi ven
withpercentagesorratiosas X 1 , X 2 , K D i vi de by
35 37 a tomic ma ss
If 17 Cl and 17 Cl are two isotopes of chlorine in the ratio of
Mo le s ofA
31: , thenaveragemassnumberofClis Mu l tiply
35 3 + 37 1 = by N0
A (Cl) = 35 .5
3+1 Ato ms ofA
If there is formation of cations, electrons are lost but Calculationofnumberofatom
56
number of protonsremains unchanged. 26Fe has 26 P , 26e
56 2+ Atomi c mass ofA Gi ven
and 30 N ; 26Fe has 26P , 24e and 30 N .
D i vi de by
mola r ma ss LawsofChemical
Mo le s ofA Combinations
Mu l tip ly LawofMassConservation (Lavoisier,1774)
by N0
When hydrogen gasburns and combineswith oxygen to
Mole cu les ofA Fi nd
yield water (H 2O), themassof waterformed is equal tothe
Calculationofnumberofmoles mass of hydrogen and oxygen consumed. This is in
accordance with thelaw of mass conservation which is
ma ss in g rams definedas
M ole s of a subst ance=
molar ma ss Mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical
1 mol X = 1, 1 mol X =1 reactions
molar ma ss ofX 23
6 .0 22 10 X at oms 2H(2 g ) + O(2 g ) 2H 2O( l )
4g 32g 36 g
Ca CO(
3 s)
Ca O(s ) + CO(2 g )
AtomicMassUnit 1 00g 5 6g 44g
Atomsare so tiny that even the smallestspeck of dust
visible tothe naked eye contains about
19
10 atoms. To LawofMultipleProportions
express massof one atom,unit called atomic mass unit (JohnDalton,1803)
(amu)isused.amuisalsocalleddalton(Da).
Nitrogen and oxygen can combineeitherina 78: mass
One amu is defined as exactly one-twelth the massof an ratiotomake a substance denoted by NO or ina 7 :16 mass
12 1024 g
atom 6 C andisequalto 1 .6 60 54 ratiotomakeasubstancedenotedby NO.2
Atoms,Molecules and Ions 5
LawofDefiniteProportions C O
CO2
(Proust,1779) CH 4 CandH 31:
This states different samplesofa pure chemical substance HO OandH 81:
2
always contain the sameproportions of elements by mass .
CO2 CandO 38:
Every samplesof water (H 2O) contains 1 parthydrogen
and8partsoxygenbymass Thus, weight ratio of C and O in CO2 is sameas weight
ratioofCandOin CH 4 and HO
2 .
HO
2
GayLussacsLawofCombiningVolumes
2 : 16 :: 18: When gases react together at constant temperature and
Every sample of carbon dioxide (CO)2 contains 1 part pressure,they do soin volumes which bear a simple ratio to
carbonand2.67partsoxygenbymass eachotherandalsothevolumeofgaseousproducts.
H 2+Cl 2 2H Cl Ratio
CO2
1 1 2 112
: :
1 2: 32 :: 1 : 2 .67 N 2+3H 2
2NH3 132
: :
1 3 2
Fo rmat I MCQ s wi th only ONE Correct Option
35
1. A sample of Ca CO3 is50% pure.On heating1.12 L of 8. Sodium combineswith and 3717 Cl
to givetwo
17 Cl
CO2 (at STP) is obtained. Residue left (assuming samples of sodium chloride. Their formation follows
non-volatileimpurity)is thelawof
(a) 7.8g (b) 3.8g (a) gaseousdiffusion (b) conservationofmass
(c) 2.8g (d) 8.9g (c) reciprocalproportion (d) Noneofthese
2. In thedecompositionof10 g of Mg C O,
3
0.1 mole CO2 9. According to Daltons atomic theory, the smallest
and 4.0 g MgO are obtained.Hence, percentagepurity particleinwhichmattercanexist,iscalled
of Mg CO3 is (a) anatom (b) anion
(a) 50% (b) 60% (c) 40% (d) 84% (c) anelectron (d) amolecule
3. Considerthefollowingpairs, 10. Thenucleusofanatomconsistsof
I. CH,4 CH
2 6
II. CO, CO2 (a) neutron (b) proton
III. NO, NO 2 IV. HO,
2 HO
2 2
(c) electron (d) Both(a)and(b)
Inwhichcases,lawofmultipleproportionisfollowed ? 35 37
11. 17 Cl
and 17 Cl
are two isotopesof chlorine. If average
(a) I,II (b) I,II,III
(c) I,III,IV (d) I,II,III,IV atomicmassis35.5thenratioofthesetwoisotopesis
(a) 35 :37 (b) 13:
4. TwosubstancesI and IIofcarbon and oxygenhave (c) 31: (d) 21:
respectively72.73% and 47.06% oxygen. Hence, they
follow 12. Ionic massof X 3 is 17. Ifit has10 electrons, then
(a) lawofmultipleproportion numberofneutronsare
(b) lawofreciprocalproportion (a) 10 (b) 13
(c) lawofdefiniteproportion (c) 7 (d) 17
(d) lawofconservationofmass +
13. M 2 isoelectronic of SO2 and has ( Z + 2)
ion is
5. Inwhichcasepurityofthesubstanceis100%?
neutrons ( Z isatomicnumber of M ). Thus, ionic mass
(a) 1moleof C aCO3 gave11.2L CO2 (atSTP) +
(b) 1moleof of M 2 is
Mg CO3 gave40.0g MgO
(c) 1moleof gave4g HO (a) 70 (b) 66
N aH CO3 2
(c) 68 (d) 64
(d) 1moleof O) gave1mole CO2
C a( HC 32
+ +
6. Considerthefollowing laws ofchemical combination 14. X , Y 2 and Z are isoelectronicof CO.2 Increasing
withexamples orderofprotonsin X ,Y
+ 2+
and Z is
I. Lawofmultipleproportion: N 2O, NO, NO 2 (a) X
+
= Y2 + = Z (b) X
+
< Y2 + < Z
II. Lawofreciprocalproportion: HO,2 SO,2 HS
2 + + + +
(c) Z < X < Y2 (d) Y2 < X < Z
Whichiscorrectwithexamples ?
(a) IandII
15. X , Y 2 and Z 3 areisotonic and isoelectronic. Thus,
(b) Ionly
increasingorderofatomicnumberof X,Y and Z is
(c) IIonly
(d) Noneoftheabove (a) X < Y < Z (b) Z < Y < X
contains 94.11% sulphur; (c) X = Y = Z (d) Z < X < Y
7. HS
2 SO2 contains 50%
oxygenand HO
2
contains11.11%hydrogen.Thus, 16. Number ofatomsin increasing orderin 1.6g CH,4 1.7g
(a) lawofmultipleproportionisfollowed
NH 3 and1.8g HO
2
is
(b) lawofreciprocalproportionisfollowed
(a) HO
2 = NH =3 CH
(b) HO
2 < NH <3 CH
(c) lawofconservationofmassisfollowed 4 4
(c) CH4< NH <HO (d) CH4= NH <HO
(d) Alloftheabove 3 2 3 2
Atoms,Molecules and Ions 7
17. Which hasmaximum number ofH-atomspergramof 27. Iftheequivalentweight ofan elementis 32, then the
thesubstance? percentageofoxygeninitsoxideis
(a) CH4 2
(b) CuSO45HO (a) 16 (b) 40 (c) 32 (d) 20
(c) HO
2 2 (d) HO
2 28. A hydrocarbonhas3g carbon pergram ofhydrogen,
18. If eachO-atom has two equivalents, volume of one hence,simplestformulais
equivalentof O2 gasatSTPis (a) CH4 (b) CH
6 6
(a) 22.4L (b) 11.2L (c) CH
3 8
(d) CH2
(c) 5.6L (d) 44.8L 29. Molarratio of Na 2SO 3 and HO : in Na 2SO 3 xHO.
2 is 17 2
19. Each dropof HO
2
has0.018 mL atroomtemperature. Hence,theirmasspercentageis
Numberof HO
2 moleculesinonedropis (a) 12 .5 : 87 .5 (b) 87 .5 : 12 .5
(a) 1 10 3 (b) 6. 02 1020 (c) 50 :50 (d) 75 25
:
(c) 22 .4 10 3 (d) 6 .02 3 102 30. Whichhasthemaximumpercentageofchlorine?
(a) C6HCl
6 6 (b) C 6HCl
5
20. 1g CH4 and 4g ofcompound X haveequal number of (c) CH3Cl (d) CCl 4
moles.Thus,molarmassof X is
1 1 31. Inwhich of the following pairsdo the two species
(a) 16 g mol (b) 32 g mol resemble each other most closely in chemical
1 1
(c) 4g mol (d) 64 g mol properties?
23 (a) 11 H and 21 H (b) 16
8O
and 168O2
21. Massof one atomof an elementis 6 .64 10 g. This
(c) 24 24
12 Mg and 12 Mg
2+
(d) 14 14 3
7 N and 7 N
isequalto
23
(a) 6. 64 10 u (b) 40.0u 32. One isotope of a non-metallic element has mass
number 127 and 74 neutrons in thenucleus. Theanion
(c) 1 u (d) 6.64u
40 derivedfrom the isotope has 54 electrons. Hence,
symbolfortheanionis
22. If Avogadros number would have been 1 10 10, 1 27 1 27
(a) 54 X
(b) 53 X
instead of 6 .02 1023 then massof one atom of H
(c) 74
53 X
(d) 74
54 X
wouldbe
(a) 1u (b) 1 1010 u 33. Which of the following is the richest source of
(c) 6u (d) 6 1013 u ammoniaonamasspercentagebasis?
(a) NH 4NO 3 (b) NH2C ONH2
23
23. Massof one atom of X is 2 .66 10 g, thenits32 g is (c) NH 4Cl (d) HN C (N 22
H)
equalto 34. Which ofthefollowing substancescontains greatest
(a) 32 2. 66 10 23 mol massofchlorine?
(b) 32 (a) 5.0g Cl2 (b) 0.5mol Cl2
23 23 mol
2 .66 10 6. 02 10 (c) 0.10mol KCl (d) 30.0g Mg Cl2
23
(c) 32 2. 66 10 mol 35. When 0.273 g ofMgis heatedstronglyin a nitrogen
6 .02 10
23
(N 2 ) atmosphere, 0.378 g of the compound is formed.
(d) Noneoftheabove Hence,compoundformedis
12 (a) MgN (b) MgN
24. Numberofmoleof 6C in1amuis 3 2 3
(c) MgN
2 3
(d) MgN
(a) 1 (b) N 0
N0 36. A certain metalsulphide, M S,2 is used extensivelyasa
1 high temperature lubricant. If M S2 is40.06% bymass
(c) N 20 (d)
N 0 12 sulphur,metal M hasatomicmass
(a) 160u (b) 64u (c) 40u (d) 96u
14
25. Massofone 7N
-atomis
37. Themolarmassofa compound if 0.372 moleofit hasa
(a) 14u (b) 7u massof186g,is
(c) 14g (d) 7g
(a) 200g (b) 372g
26. If two compounds havesameempirical formula but (c) 500g (d) 186g
differentmolecularformula,theymusthave
38. Which of the following has maximum number of
(a) sameviscosity C-atoms?
(b) samevapourdensity(VD)
(a) 4.4g CO2 (b) 3.0g CH
(c) differentmolecularweight 2 6
(c) 4.4g CH (d) 1.3g CH
(d) differentpercentagecomposition 3 8 6 6
8
39. MgC
2 3 ( X)
is decomposedby HO
2
forming a gaseous 51. A spherical ball ofradius7 cm contains56%iron. If
hydrocarbon (Y ).8.4gof X givesmolof Y. density is 1.4 g /cm3 , number of moles of Fepresent
(a) 0.1 (b) 0.2 (c) 0.3 (d) 0.4 approximately is
(a) 10 (b) 15
40. Number of atomsin 20 g Ca is equal to number of
(c) 20 (d) 25
atomsin
(a) 20gMg (b) 1.6g CH4 52. In the following final result is 0.1 mole
(c) 1.8g HO
2
(b) 1.7g NH3 CH 4 + 3. 01 10
23
molecules CH 4 9 .6 g CH4 = x
41. Na 2SO 3 xHO
2 has50% HO
2 bymass.Hence, x is moleHatoms
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7 (a) 0molHatom (b) 0.2molHatom
23 (c) 0.3molHatom (d) 0.4molHatom
42. Massof one atom ofX is 6. 66 10 g. Hence, number
ofmolesofatom X in40kgis 53. Ifwe assumethat N 0 = 1 .2 1023 mol 1, then molar
(a) 103 mol
(b) 10 3 mol massof O2 willbetakenas
(b) 32 gmol 1
3 3 1
(c) 40 1023 mol (d) 40 10 23 mol (a) 32 g mol
6 .66 10
6 .0 22 10 6
23
(d) 1 10 gmol
1 1
43. To make 0.01 mole which of the following has (c) 32 1023 gmol
maximummass? 32
(a) N aH CO 3
(b) Na2CO3 54. CO, CO,2 CO
2 3 follow
(c) Na2SO 4 (d) Na2CO
2 4 (a) lawofdefiniteproportion
44. In a glass-tube,thereare18 g ofglucose.0.08 moleof (b) lawofmultipleproportion
glucoseistaken.Glucoseleftintheglass-tubeis (c) lawofconservationofmass
(a) 0.10g (b) 17.92g (d) Alloftheabove
(c) 3.60mol (d) 3.60g 55. In a gasS and O are50% by mass,hence,theirmole
45. Restmass of an electronis 9 .11 10 31 kg. Molar mass ratiois
oftheelectronis (a) 11: (b) 12:
(a) 1. 50 10
31 1
(b) 9. 11 10
31 1 (c) 21: (d) 31:
kg mol kg mol
(c) 5.5 10 7 kg mol 1 (d) 6 .02 1023 kg mol 1 56. What mass of ammonium phosphate (N H)43 PO4
46. A sample of ammonium phosphate (N H)43 PO4 wouldcontain14.0gofnitrogen?
contains 3.18 moles of H-atoms.Thenumber of moles (a) 50.0g (b) 25.0g
(c) 12.5g (d) 100.0g
ofoxygenatomsinthesampleis
(a) 0.265 (b) 0.795 57. Whatmassof propane CH contains thesamemassof
3 8
(c) 1.06 (d) 3.18
carbons ascontainedin 1.35 g ofbarium carbonate,
47. A sample of CuSO4 5HO
2
contains3.782 g ofCu.How B aCO3 ?
many grams of oxygenarein this sample? (C u = 63 .5) (a) 1.35g (b) 1.00g
(a) 0.952g (b) 3.80g (c) 0.10g (d) 0.135g
(c) 4.761g (d) 8.576g
58. Which elementhasmaximum percentagein iron (III)
48. Cortisone is a molecular substance containing sulphate(IV)?
21 atomsof carbon permolecule. Themass percentage (a) Iron (b) Sulphur
ofcarbonincortisoneis69.98%.Itsmolarmassis (c) Oxygen (d) Equal
(a) 176.5 (b) 252.2
(c) 287.6 (d) 360.1 59. How many molesofoxygenarecontainedin one litre
of air if its volume content is 21% in standard
49. If the dot under a question mark has a mass of conditions?
6
1 10 g, how many atoms are required to make such (a) 0.21mol (b) 0.045mol
adot?(ofcarbon) (c) 0.067mol (d) 0.0094mol
(a) 5 1016 (b) 12 10 6
6
6 60. A compound with molecular mass180 is acylatedwith
(c) 10 (d) 1 10 C H3 COCl togeta compound with molecular mass390.
12 N0 Thenumber of amino groups presentper molecule of
50. One equivalentofmagnesium oxideweighs 20 g then theformercompoundis [JEEMain2013]
oneequivalentofmagnesiumchlorideweighs (a) 2 (b) 5
(a) 29.75g (b) 47.5g (c) 95.0g (d) 20.0g (c) 4 (d) 6
Atoms,Molecules and Ions 9
23
61. Massof one atom of the element A is 3 .9 854 10 g. 66. A sample of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate(I)
How many atomsarecontained in 1 g of the element A? contains 3.18 moles of hydrogenatom.Thenumber of
(a) 2 .5 092 1022 (b) 6. 0 22 1023 molesofoxygenatomsinthesampleis
(c) 3 .9 854 1023
(d) 1 .66 10 23 (a) 0.265 (b) 0.795
(c) 1.06 (d) 3.18
62. Analysis of chlorophyll shows that it contains 67. A sample of copper sulphate pentahydrate contains
2.40 per cent magnesium. Thus, number of atomsin 3.782 g of Cu. How many grams of oxygenarein the
1gchlorophyllis sample?
(a) 0.001 (b) 1.00 (a) 0.952g (b) 3.809g
(c) 6. 02 1020 (d) 1 .4 45 1019 (c) 4.761g (d) 8.576g
63. Radiusofwatermoleculeis(assumingitspherical) 68. An unknown aminoacidhas0.032%sulphur.Ifeach
(a) 19.27nm (b) 19.27 molecule hasoneS-atom, then 1 g ofthis amino acid
(c) 192.7pm (d) 19.27 m hasmolecules
(a) 6. 02 1018 (b) 6. 02 1019
64. Atoms oftheelement X are spherical.Each atom of the
element(atomicmass 23) is at the corner of the cube (c) 6. 02 1021 (d) 6 .02 1023
andis in contact along the edge length, then edge
69. Considerthefollowingcases
lengthis(density = 6 .2 g cm 3 ) I: 60g CH3CO OH II: 30gHCHO
(a) 2.274 (b) 1.137 III: 60g NH2C ONH2 IV:180g C6HO
12 6
(c) 4.548 (d) 1.183
Percentageofcarbonisidenticalin
65. Number ofmolesin 1.8g HO
2 is equaltothenumber of (a) I,II (b) I,III
molesin (c) I,II,III (d) I,II,IV
I: 1.8gglucose 70. Ethanol-water mixture has 46 g ethanol in 100g
II: 6gurea mixture. By a suitable technique volatile component
III: 34.2gsucrose goesoff.Thus
(a) 3molesofnon-volatilecomponentareleft
Selectthecorrectgroup.
(b) 9 N 0 atomsofnon-volatilecomponentareleft
(a) I,II,III (b) I,II
(c) 9 N 0 atomsofvolatilecomponentareseparated
(c) I,III (d) II,III
(d) Alltheabovestatementsarecorrect
ColumnI
ColumnI ColumnII ColumnII
(1moleeach)
A. H2 gas 1. 2 N0 atomspermole A. HSO
2 4 1. 60g
B. O2 gas 2. Specificheatratio:1.40 B. HPO
3 4 2. 98g
N2 gas 1 C. HPO
3 3 3. N0 ionisableH
C. 3. 0.8Lg atSTP
D. HPO
3 2 4. 2 N0 ionisableH
D. COgas 4. Lightestgas
E. CH3COOH 5. 3 N0 ionisableH
E. HClgas 5. Heaviestgas F. NH CO
2 4 6. 4 N0 H
1 127
Thereare54electrons.Hence,ionicspeciesis 53 X
MassofoneH-atom = = 1 amu
x 17
23 33. (d) (a) NH3 in NH4NO 3 = 80 = 0. 2125
23. (b) Massofoneatom = 2. 66 10 g
23 23 1 34
Massof N0 atoms = 2. 66 10 6. 02 10 g mol (b) NH3 is N H2 CON H=
2 = 0. 5484
= at om ic m ass 62
14 PracticeBook of Chemistry for JEE Main&Advanced
17 20
(c) NH3 in NH4Cl = 53.5 = 0. 3178 40. (b) 20g Ca = 40 mol = 0. 5 molCa = 0.5 N0 at oms
51 20
22 =
(d) NH3 in HN C(N H) = 0. 8095 (a) 20gMg = 24 mol = 0.833 mol Mg = 0. 833N0 at oms
59 + 4
1.6
(N H2 CONH2 2NH3 2H)
(b) 1.6g CH4 = 16 mol = 0. 1 mol CH4 = 0.5 N0 at oms
NH2CON H2 + 2H 2NH3
1.8
Similarly, NH C(N H)22 = 3N H3 4H 2 = 0.3 N0 at oms
(c) 1.8g H 2O= 18 mol = 0. 1 mol HO
NHC(N H) 22 +4H 3NH3 1.7
(d) 1.7g NH3 = 17 mol = 0. 1 molNH3 = 0.4 N0 at oms
34. (b) (a) 5.0g Cl2
(b) 0.5mol Cl2 = 0.5 71g = 35. 5 g Cl2 41. (d) Mass Moles Ratio
(c) 0.10molKCl = 0.1molCl = 3. 55 g Cl N a2 SO3 = 50 0.3968 1
30.0 HO = 50
(d) 30.0g Mg Cl2 = 95 mol = 0. 2526mol = 17. 49 g Cl2 2 2.7778 7
Thus, x = 7
35. (a) MassofMg = 0.273g 23
42. (a) Massofoneatomof X = 6. 66 10 g
Massofmagnesiumandnitrogencompound = 0.378g
Ifatomicmass = A
Thus,nitrogencombined = 0.105g
thenmassofoneatom = A
Mass Mole Moleratio N0
Mg 0.273g 0.011375 1.51 = 3 A = 6. 66 1023 g
N 0.105g 0.0075 1.00 = 2 N0
23
Thus, MgN
3 2 A = 6. 66 10 N0
= 6. 66 1023 6. 02 1023
36. (d) M 2 M + 32 2
S =
= 40 g mol1
= M + 64 40000
64 Hence,40kg X = 40000 gX = 40 = 1000 mol
%ofsulphur =
M + 64
100 = 40. 06
43. (c ) Molarmass 0.01mol
6400
M + 64 = (a) NaHCO3= 84g 0.84g
40. 06
(b) NaCO2 =106g
3 1.06g
M + 64 = 160
(c) NaSO =142g 1.42g
M = 160 64 = 96
2 4
(d) Na 2C 2O =
4 134g 1.34g
37. (c) 0.372mol = 186g
186 44. (d) 18g glucose = 0. 10mol glucose
1mol = 0. 372= 500g withdrawn= 0.08 mol
4.4 left = 0. 10 0. 08= 0.02 mol = 3. 6g
38. (c) (a) 4.4g CO2 = 44 mol CO2 = 0. 1 molCO2 31
45. (c ) Restmassofelectron = 9. 11 10 kg
= 0. 1 molC = 9. 11 1031 6. 02 1023
massofonemoleofelectrons
3.0
(b) 3.0g CH2 6 = mol C2H 6= 0. 1 mol CH2 6
= 5. 48 107 kg mol 1
30
= 0. 2 molC 46. (c ) x mol (N H43) PO4 12 x molHatoms = 3.18 mol
4.4 3. 18
x== 0.265 mol
(c) 4.4g C 3H=8 44
mol C3H 8= 0. 1 mol CH3 8 12
= 0. 3 molC Thus,O-atoms = 4 x mol = 0. 265 4 = 1.06 mol
1.3
(d) 1.3g CH6 6 = mol C6H 6= 0.017 mol CH 6 6 47. (d) x mol CuSO4 5HO2
78
= 249. 5x g CuSO4 5HO
2
= 0. 1 molC
= 63. 5 x g Cu
39. (a) MgC
2 3 + HO
2 3 CH
Mg(OH)2 + CHC = 3. 782 g Cu
( X) ( Y)
1 mol p rop yne 63.5 x = 3. 782
8.4g 1mol x = 0. 05956 mol
8.4
= 0. 1 mol Every1moleofsalthas = 9 molesO-atoms
84 0.1mol
Atoms,Molecules and Ions 15
1
O-atoms = 0. 05956 9 mol = mol
= 0. 05956 9 16g 3
= 8. 576 g O - atoms 1
= 149 g (NH43) PO 4
3
48. (d) Ifcarboncontentis69.98gthenmolarmass = 100g
= 49. 67g 50. 0g
Ifcarboncontentis 21 12 g thenmolarmassis
100 57. (c ) 1mol BaCO3 1 mol C
= 21 12
69. 98
197g BaCO3 contains = 12 gC
= 360. 1 g mol1 12 1. 35
1.35g BaCO3 contains = 197 = 0. 0822 gC
1 106
49. (a) N0 = 5 1016 at oms
12 CH
3 3C
8
3 12 g carbonisin = 44 g CH
50. (b) Oneequivalentmagnesiumoxide = 20g 3 8
44 0. 0822
0.0822gcarbonisin = = 0.100g
Since,equivalentmassof O = 8 36
hence,equivalentmassof Mg = 20 8 = 12
Also,equivalentmassofchlorine = 35.5 58. (c ) Iron(III)Sulphate(IV)is
Fe3+ SO2 2
3 (oxidationofsulphuris =+ 4 in SO3 )
henceequivalentmassofmagnesiumchloride = 35.5 + 12
= 47.5 Fe2(SO)33
Mass Fe = 56 2 = 112g
51. (c) Vo l ume= Dens i ty S = 32 3 = 96g
O = 16 9 = 144g
Massofsphericalball = V d
4
= r 3 d Thus, percentageof O is maximum out of total molar mass
3
of Fe2(SO)32 =352.
4 22 1 21
= (7)3 1.4
3 7 59. (d) Oxygencontentin1LatSTP = 100 = 0.21L
= 2012. 27g
56 22.4LatSTP = 1 mol
1 0. 21
pureFecontent(56%) = 2012. 27 100 g = 1126. 87g hence0.21LatSTP = 22.4 = 0. 009375 mol
Thus,molesofFe = 20. 12 O O
52. (a) I. 0.1mol CH4= 0. 4 mol H - at oms
23
II.3. 01 10 CH4 molecules = 0. 5 molCH4= 2.0 mol 60. (c ) R NH2 + CH 3C Cl
(H Cl) R
N H CCH3
H-atoms
III.9.6g CH4= 0. 6 mol CH4= 2. 4 mol H - at oms Since each COCH3 group displaceone H atom in the
O
Thus, I+ II II I =0
53. (a) reaction of one moleof CH3C Cl with one NH2
54. (b) Co: CO2 : CO
2 3 (CO1.5 )
group, the molecularmass increaseswith 42 unit. Since the
mass increases by (390 180) = 210 hencethe number of
1mol C = 12 gCinCO= 16 gO 210
NH2 group4is = 5.
= 12 gCinCO =232 gO 42
= 12 gCinC O2 = 324gO 23
= 2 : 43: 61. (a) 3. 9854 10 g = 1 at om
Thus,ratioofOthatcombineswith12gC
1
Thus, 1g = at oms
55. (b) Mass Moles Ratio 3. 9854 1023
50
= 1. 5625 = 2. 5092 1023 at oms
S 50g 32 1
50 1 2.4
O 50g
= 3. 125
2
62. (c ) Mgin1gchlorophyll = 100 g
16
1 2.4
= mol
56. (a) 3N 1 (N H43) PO4 100 24
42gNisin = 1 mol (N H43) PO4 1 2.4 6. 02 1023
14 = at oms
14 g N is in= mol (N H43) PO4 100 24
42
= 6. 02 1020 at oms
16 PracticeBook of Chemistry for JEE Main&Advanced
1.8
63. (c) Densityofwatermolecule = 1g /mL 2 =
65. (d) 1.8g HO = 0. 1 mol
18
1 g = 1 mL
1.8
1
mol = 1mL I: 1.8gglucose = 180 = 0.01 mol
Thus, 18
6
1
6. 02 1023 mol ec ul es
= 1mL II: 6gurea = 60 = 0. 1 mol
18
34.2
18 III:34.2gsucrose = 342 = 0. 1 mol
Thus,volumeof1molecule = 6. 02 1023
= 3 1023 mL Thus,II,III
4 3 66. (c ) OxidationnumberofP inphosphate(I) =+ 1
Volumeofonesphericalmolecule = 3 r
Thus,anionis: H2PO 2
4 3
r = 3 1023 cm 3 Thus,saltis NH4H 2PO 2
3
(Ammoniumhypophosphite)
3 3 1023
6mol H 1mol NH 4H 2PO 2 = 2 mol (O)
3
r = cm 3
4 2 3. 18
3 23 3 Thus, 3.18 mol H= mol (O)= 1.06 mol (O)
r = 7. 162 10 cm 6
8
r = 1. 927 10 cm
67. (d) CuSO4 5HO
2
= 1. 927 1010 m
= 1. 927 1molsolute 1 mol(Cu) 10mol (H) 9 mol(O)
1. 927 10 1010 63.5g(Cu) = 9 16 g (O)
= m 9 16 3. 782
10 Thus, 3.782g(Cu) = 63.5
g(O)
= 0. 1927 nm
= 8. 5765g
1. 927 100 1010
= m = 100g
100 68. (a) If0.032gsulphurthenmolarmass
= 192.7 1012 m = 192. 7 pm =
10
32 = 105 g
If32gsulphurthenmolarmass 0. 032
64. (a) Edgelength = AB = 2r 5 1
Thus,molarmass = 10 g mol
1
1gaminoacid = 105 mol aminoacid
A B
= N05 mol ec ul es
10
= 6. 02 1018 molecules