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Tes P 104 03 R0 PDF
Tes P 104 03 R0 PDF
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 SCOPE
2.0 GENERAL
5.1 General
1.0 SCOPE
This standard covers the selection of a specific type and size of power cable based on
particular applications and conditions in the system of Saudi Electricity Co. (SEC)
Saudi Arabia..
2.0 GENERAL
2.1 The selection of the specific type and size of power cable will be based on the
following:
e. System frequency.
2.3 The process used in selecting and sizing a power cable shall be as follows:
b) Depth of laying.
3.1.1 Single conductor cables are easy to handle, splice, terminate and are
supplied in longer lengths than three conductor cables.
Their reactance is higher than three conductor cables and the use of a
metallic sheath for mechanical protection would be more expensive
and result in higher losses than with a three conductor cable.
3.1.2 In general, the ampacity and voltage drop will be higher for three
single conductor cables when compared with a similar size of three
conductor cable.
Category A:
Where earth faults are cleared as rapidly as possible but in any case
with in 1 min.
Category B:
Category C:
This category comprises all systems which do not fall into Category
A&B.
3.2.2 Selection of Up
a) Ampacity
3.3.2 Ampacity will determine the minimum size of conductor that can be
used for a given type of installation.
3.3.4 Short circuit current will require an increase in the conductor size
selected if it is not already of sufficient size to safely dissipate the
heat generated under fault conditions.
4.1.a It is the responsibility of Design Engineer to use the basic parameters and
factors, detailed in the following paragraphs so that non-standard applications
can be calculated from the referenced publications.
4.1.b It is mandatory that the Design Engineer have full knowledge of the system
route limitations, circuitry and environment temperatures of the application
under consideration. He should consider the worst conditions of operation plus
future growth requirements of the circuit.
4.2 Since most applications of cable installation on the SEC system involve direct
buried cable, additional replacement cost for undersized cables must be
considered. Duct installed cables can be replaced within the limitations of the
duct size.
4.2.1 The following basic parameters will assist the Design Engineer to
further evaluate the ampacities and objectively calculate alternative
ampacities for a cable to fulfill any load requirements:
a) Load - MVA.
b) Load Factor (LF).
c) Thermal Resistivity of the Soil (RHO).
d) Ambient Temperature - mean temperature of the soil or riser
temperature at above ground (in air) terminals.
e) Short circuit values with finite information on time duration
(affects sizing of copper in cable shield).
f) Derating factors for circuity (multiplicity of circuits and tie
formations).
g) Route location that might affect placement of splice bays/
manholes and terminations.
4.4 For other factors, temperature with resistivity (RHO), number of circuits,, the
following conversions should be utilized:
T = Tc Ta
Tc - Ta
4.7 Circuitry
4.7.1 For the calculation of desired ampacity for the load required, it may
be necessary to consider additional circuits also (installed in the same
trench or in parallal).
TABLE 04-1
35 7.7 69 2
70 10.7 138 2/0
120 14.2 237 4/0
185 17.6 369 350
300 22.5 592 600
400 25.6 789 750
500 28.8 986 1000
630 32.7 1233 1250
800 37.0 1579 1750
1000 41.6 1974 2000
1200 45.0 2368 -
1600 48.1 3158 -
2000 54.3 3948 -
2500 62.7 4935 -
4.8 Ampacity
The factors that play roles in the selection of power cable are:
a) Voltage to be used.
b) Required reliability of the power supply.
c) Cost of material, installation and mintenance.
The Cost Engineer shall provide Tables with up-to-date costs for each
item.
The system requirements and area conditions will determine the type
of installation to be used, which could be:
When the cables are laid in ground the derating factors depend upon
the following
The current carrying capacity of the cables laid in the ground shall be
reduced by a derating factor if the cables are laid in an unfilled pipe
of PVC or PE in the ground. Normally the pipe diameter is 2 to 5
times that of the cable. It is however possible to eliminate this rating
reduction by filling the pipe, after the cable has been pulled in, with a
material which is thermally equal to the ambient ground.
When the cables are laid above the ground the derating factors
depend upon the following
The maximum short circuit current ratings for copper and aluminum
conductors are:
I = Q.S Ln 1/K - 20 + T2
K.R.t l/K - 20 + T1
b) Capacitance (C)
where, : 3.1416
f : Frequency (Hz)
D : Diamter of conductor.
5.1 General
While the heat generated in a cable conductor determines the maximum current
it can carry without deterioration, it is often necessary to limit the current to an
even lower value because of excessive voltage drop. This problem is usually
confined to the high current, low voltage secondary of distribution circuits. For
this reason, it is advantageous to carry the primary circuit as close to the load
as possible before transforming so the secondary runs, where most of voltage
drop occurs, will be small. The voltage drop of a cable may be calculated with
the following formula:
U = 100 (VS-VL)
VL
Vs = voltage at source
VL = voltage at load
Vs = (VLcos+RI) +(VLsin+XI)
Where: = angle by which the current lags the voltage across the
load
I = load current
For 3-phase circuits, use the voltage resistance and reactance to neutral.