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Calculation For Three-Phase Short-Circuit Current
Calculation For Three-Phase Short-Circuit Current
Example : 2 2
Z = R +X
network layout
The method consists of :
equivalent layout
Zr Z = Zr + Zt1 // Zt 2 Zsc = Z // Za
Z = Zr + Zt1 Zt 2 Zsc = Z Za
Zt 1 Zt 2 Zt1 + Zt 2 Z + Za
Za Za
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12/91
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12 -
- B
revis
ed A reminder of the calculation of R, X and Z as a function of type of network
12/95 component is given on the following page.
page 14
Short-circuit power
Synchronous generators 2
U R
Z= Xsc - = 0.05 to 0.1
Sr X
Xsc subtransitory transitory steady-state
turbo 10 to 20 % 15 to 25 % 150 to 230 %
projecting poles 15 to 25 % 25 to 35 % 70 to 120 %
Asynchronous motors 2
U 20 to 25
date only subtransitory Z= Isc 3In
12/91 Pr 100
12 -
- B Fault arcs Isc
revis
ed Id =
1.3 to 2
12/95
page 15
Short-circuit power
Data
63 kV supply
source short-circuit power : 2000 MVA.
Network configuration
The network contains two transformers in parallel and an alternator.
Equipment specifications
transformers : voltage 63 kV/10kV
apparent power : 1 from 15 MVA ; 1 from 20 MVA
short-circuit voltage : Usc = 10 %
Alternator : voltage : 10 kV
apparent power : 15 MVA
Xsc transitory : 20 %
Xsc subtransitory : 15 %
Question
Determine :
the value of short-circuit current at the busbars
the breaking and closing capacity of circuit breakers D1 to D7.
Single-line layout
63 kV
transformer transformer
15 MVA 20 MVA
Usc = 10 % Usc = 10 %
D1 D2
10 kV
D3 D4 D5 D6 D7
alternator
15 MVA
Xsc subtransitory = 15 %
Xsc transitory = 20 %
date
12/91
12 -
- B
ed
revis
12/95
page 16
Short-circuit power
Equivalent layout
Each component is made up of a reactance and an inductance.
These values must be calculated for each element.
The network can be represented in the following manner.
Zr = network impedance
busbars
date
12/91
Experience shows that the resistance is generally weak compared with the
- reactance, thus we can say that the reactance is equal to the impedance
12
- B (X = Z).
ed
revis
12/95
page 17
Short-circuit power
APPENDIX 2 (contd) In order to determine the short-circuit power, it is necessary to calculate the
various resistance and inductance values, and to separately calculate their
arithmetical sum. Rt = R ; Xt = X
Knowing Rt and Xt, Zt can be calculated using the equation :
2 2
Z= R + X
R being negligible compared with X, we can say that Z = X
network 2 2
U 10
Ssc = 2000 MVA Zr = = 0.05
U service = 10 kV
Ssc 2000
15 MVA transformer 2 2
U 10 10
(Usc = 10 %) Z15 = Usc = 0.6667 0.67
U service = 10 kV Sr 15 100
20 MVA transformer 2 2
U 10 10
(Usc = 10 %) Z20 = Usc = 0.5
U service = 10 kV Sr 20 100
2
15 MVA alternator Za = U /Sr Xsc
U duty = 10 kV 2
10 20
Transitory stage (Xsc = 20 %) Zat = Zat = 1.33
15 100
2
10 15
Subtransitory stage (Xsc = 15 %) Zas = Zas = 1
15 100
busbars Z15 Z20 0.67 0.5
Transfomers placed in parallel
Z15 //Z20 = Z15 + Z20
=
0.67 + 0.5 Zet = 0.29
Placed in series with network of
Transformers impedance Zr + Zer = 0.05 + 0.29 Zer = 0.34
date
12/91
12 -
- B
ed
revis
12/95
page 18
Short-circuit power
APPENDIX 2 (contd)
Circuit breaker Equivalent circuit Breaking capacity (in kA rms) Closing capacity
U 10 1
Z (in ohm) Isc = = 2.5 Isc (in kA peak)
3 Zsc 3 Zsc
D4 to D7
Zr
Transitory stage
Z 15 Z 20 Z = 0.27 21.40
D3 alternator
Zr
Z 15 Z 20 Z = 0.34 17 17 x 2.5 =
42.5
Zt = Zr + (Z15 // Z 20)
D1 15 MVA transformer
Zr Transitory stage
Z = 0.39 14.9
Z 20
Subtransitory stage 14.9 x 2.5 =
Za Z = 0.35 37.25
Zt = (Zr + Z 20) // Za
D2 20 MVA transformer
Transitory stage
Zr Z = 0.47 12.4
Z 15 Subtransitory stage 12.4 x 2.5 =
Z = 0.42 31
Za
Zt = (Zr + Z 15)] // Za
date
12/91
12 -
- B
ed
revis
12/95
page 19