3o

3.1

3.2

3.3

3

21-0143_MATH_G GYMN.indb 121 1/15/13 4:22 PM

 3.1

4
.

x y, 6.
) x y.
) (1, 8), (0, 6), (2, 7), (2, 2) (3, 0), (3, 5)
;
)
.
.
)
.

x + y =
x, y
x + y = .
, 2x + y = 6 , = 2, = 1 = 6.
x = 1 y = 4 2x + y = 6 ,
2 ? 1 + 4 = 6, x = 3 y = 5 , 2 ? 3 + 5 = 11 6.
(1, 4) 2x + y = 6,
.

x + y = (x, y)
.

2x + y = 6 (1, 4), .
, x
y, (x, y) .
x = 1 2? (1) + y = 6, y = 8.
x = 0 2? 0 + y = 6, y = 6.
x 1 0 2 3
x = 2 2? 2 + y = 6, y = 2. y 8 6 2 0
x = 3 2? 3 + y = 6, y = 0 ...
(1, 8), (0, 6), (2, 2), (3, 0), ... 2x + y = 6.

122

21-0143_MATH_G GYMN.indb 122 1/15/13 4:22 PM

 3.1

y A
(1, 8)
8
2x + y = 6,
.
,
(0, 6) , .. (4, 2), -
2x + y = 6,
2 ? 4 + (2) = 6.
:

(x, y)
2x

.
+y
=6

2x + y = 6
: 2x + y = 6.
2 (2, 2)

A , -
(3, 0)
1 0 2 4 x .

A
,
2 .
(4, 2)

y = k.
A 0x + 2y = 6,
y
x + y = = 0,
(1, 3) 3 (1, 3) (3, 3)
-
:y=3
x y = 3.
, (1, 3), (1, 3),
(3, 3), ... .
1
, 0x + 2y = 6

1 0 1 3 x
y = 3 -
. x9x
y9y (0, 3). y = 3.

H y = k k 0 x9x
y9y (0, k), y = 0
x9x

123

21-0143_MATH_G GYMN.indb 123 1/15/13 4:22 PM

 M - 3

x = k
y A 3x + 0y = 6,
: x=2 x + y = = 0,
y x = 2.
3 (2, 3)
, (2, 2), (2, 1), (2, 3), ...
.
, 3x + 0y = 6
x = 2
1 (2, 1)
.
y9y x9x
0 1 2 x (2, 0).

x = 2.
2 (2, 2)

H x = k k 0 y9y
x9x (k, 0), x = 0
y9y

x + y = = = 0
0x + 0y = 7 , (x, y)
( ).
y
0x + 0y = 0
(2, 2)
(x, y). , (1, 0), (0, 1),
(2, 1), (2, 2), ... ( ).
(0, 1) (2, 1)
,
.
0x + 0y = 0 , (1, 0) (0, 0) x
. (1, 1)

, 2x + y = 6, 0x + 2y = 6, 3x + 0y = 6, 0x + 0y = 7, 0x + 0y = 0,
o x, y.
.
x,y .

x, y
x + y = 0 0.

124

21-0143_MATH_G GYMN.indb 124 1/15/13 4:22 PM

 3.1

1 ) : 2x 3y = 12.
) 2. ,
;

) y 12
3y=
: 2x 3y = 12 2x
:
. 0 3 B(6, 0) x
x = 0 3y = 12, y = 4.
y = 0 2x = 12, x = 6. 2 M(3, 2)
2x 3y = 12
(0, 4) A(0, 4)

(6, 0).

) ,
. y = 2 x
2x 3(2) = 12 2x + 6 = 12 2x = 6 x = 3.
x = 3.

2 A : x y = 1 (2, 5),
.

: x y = 1 (2, 5),
x y = 1. 2 5 = 1
2 = 6 = 3. 3x y = 1.
x = 0 3 ? 0 y = 1 y = 1 y = 1,
y9y (0, 1).
1
y = 0 3x 0 = 1 3x = 1 x = ,
3
1
(
x9x 3 , 0 . )
3 40 m.
y y
) x, y.
x
) A y 10 m,
x; x x

x x

) 5x + y + 3x + y,
5x + y + 3x + y = 40 8x + 2y = 40 4x + y = 20 (1).
) y 10 m, y 10
, y $ 10. A (1) y = 20 4x,
20 4x $ 10 4x $ 10 20 4x $ 10 x # 2,5.
x 2,5 , 2,5 m.

125

21-0143_MATH_G GYMN.indb 125 1/15/13 4:22 PM

 M - 3

E
1 (3, 2), (1, 5), (0, 6), (3, 10), (2, 8)
4x + 3y = 18;

2 N (), (),
.
) (3, 2) : 3x y = 7.
) H : 5x + y = 10 x9x (2, 0).
) : 2x + 5y = 0 .
) H : 3x + y = 6 y9y (0, 3).

3 N
:
1. y =1 2. x = 1 3. y =x 4. x = 1
y y y y

1
1 1 1

0 1 x 0 1 x 0 1 x 0 1 x

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

4 O 1, 2 . .
y y

1 2
1 1

0 1 x 1 0 x

i) 1 : ) x = 1 ) y = 1 ) y = x ) y = x
ii) 2 : ) x = 1 ) y = 1 ) y = x ) y = x

5 .
i) H (4, 3) x9x
:
) y = 4 ) x = 4 ) x = 3 ) y = 3 ) 4x 3y = 0
ii) H (4, 2) y9y
:
) y = 4 ) x = 4 ) x = 2 ) y = 2 ) 4x 2y = 0

126

21-0143_MATH_G GYMN.indb 126 1/15/13 4:22 PM

 3.1

1 :
) 1 : 2x y = 2 ) 2 : 4x + 2y = 10 ) 3 : 10x 5y = 20
T ;

2 : 6x + 2y = 8 2.
) , .
) = 4 .

3 : 4x + 3y = 12 x9x y9y
, :
) .
) , .

4 ) 1 : 2x = 4, 2 : 3y = 6
.
) ;
1 : 2x y = 6, 2 : 3x + y = 10 3 : 5x + 3y = 16

5 ) o :
x = 1, x = 5, y = 2 y = 3
) .

6 , ( 2)x +( 1)y = 6
:
) x9x ) y9y.
N .

7
4 km/h
2 km/h
.

y
, :
) x
x, y.
) A 3 km, ;

8 x y .
25 , x, y.

.

127

21-0143_MATH_G GYMN.indb 127 1/15/13 4:22 PM

 3. 2 o

4 M
.

1.
1 : x + y = 5 2 : 2x + y = 8.

2.
.

x, y,
.. x + y = 5 2x + y = 8
(x, y)
,
x y.
(3, 2)

h h
x + y = 5 3+2=5
,
2x + y = 8 2 ? 3 + 2 = 8
(3, 2) .

x y
(x, y) .

x, y; (x, y)
;

x, y
.

h 2x + y = 8
x+y=5
..
:

128

21-0143_MATH_G GYMN.indb 128 1/15/13 4:22 PM

 3.2

y
1 : x + y = 5
1 8
:x
2 : 2x + y = 8, +
y=
5

2:
. 5

2x+
(3, 2)

y=
8
.
2 A (3, 2)
(3, 2)
, x = 3 y = 2
- 0 3 4 5 x

, (3, 2)
. 1, 2
,
. (3, 2)
.

y
4

h 2x 3y = 6
6y
=
24

4x 6y = 24 4x
2:

1 : 2x 3y = 6 6 0 3 x
2 : 4x 6y = 24,
6 2
3y
=

. 2x
1:
, .

.

y
12
2y=
y=6

6x
3x

h
3x y = 6
2 :
1 :

6x 2y = 12
0 2 x

1 : 3x y = 6
2 : 6x 2y = 12,
, ,
().
6
.
.

129

21-0143_MATH_G GYMN.indb 129 1/15/13 4:22 PM

 M - 3

1 ) 2x + 3y = 14
() :
x 2y = 0
) 1 : 2x + 3y = 14,
2 : x 2y = 0 xx.
y
)
4 (1, 4)
1 : 2x + 3y = 14 - 0
y=
. : x 2
2
x = 1 2 + 3y = 14
3y = 12, o y = 4. 2 (4, 2)
x = 7 2 7 + 3y = 14 1 :
2x
1 (2, 1) +3
3y = 0, y = 0. y=
14
1
(1, 4) (7, 0). 0 1 2 (4, 0) B(7, 0) x

2 : x 2y = 0 .
x = 0 2y = 0, y = 0.
x = 2 2 2y = 0 2y = 2, y = 1.
2 (0, 0) (2, 1).
1, 2 (4, 2),
() (x, y) = (4, 2).

) 1, 2 xx ,
= 7 = 2.
72
= = 7 .
2

2 N : 1 : x y = 0, 2 : x + y = 0, 3 : x + y = 3.
:

x y = 0 xy =0
(1) : (2) :
x + y = 0 x + y = 3

1 : x y = 0 .
x = 0 y = 0 x = 1 y = 1. 1
(0, 0) (1, 1).
2 : x + y = 0 .
x = 0 y = 0 x = 1 y = 1. 2
(0, 0) (1, 1).

130

21-0143_MATH_G GYMN.indb 130 1/15/13 4:22 PM

 3.2

3 : x + y = 3. 2 y
:x
x = 0 y = 3 y = 0 +
y= =
0
0 y
x = 3. 3 : x
1 3
(0, 3) (3, 0). y=
x+
:
(1, 1) (1,1) 3
(1) (3, 0) x
0
(0, 0), 1 2
(0, 0), (2)
(0, 3)
, 1 3
.

E
1 .

2x + y = 1
x y = 5
:

) (3, 2) ) (1, 1) ) (1, 4) ) (2, 3)

2 1
2,
, .

. 1, 2 . 1. To .

. 1, 2 . 2. .
. 1, 2 . 3. .

y
3
=0
3y
4

x
y=

. 2
x+

2x
+3

2x 3y = 0 2x 3y = 0
2

1 y=
) ) 12
2x + y = 4 2x + 3y = 12
0 1 x

2x + 3y = 12
y = 0 x=0
) )
2x 3y = 0

131

21-0143_MATH_G GYMN.indb 131 1/15/13 4:22 PM

 M - 3

1 :

x = 3 y = 3 x+y=0
) ) )
x + 2y = 7 2x + y = 1 xy=0

3x y = 2 3x + 6y = 9 2x y = 10
) ) )
x y = 0 2x + 4y = 6 4x 2y = 1

2
:

x + 2y = 5 x 3y = 2 x+y=2
) ) )
x + 2y = 1 2x 6y = 4 x + 3y = 6

3 A
m/sec
. B
: 20
) . 15
10
)
5
t
; 0 2 4 6 8 10 sec

4 y
300
3: y=300
:
=0

20 C 240
xy

0
=

.
60
20

60 C - 180
y
1 :

0x
:1

-
2

10 C. 120
300 C -
. 60
-

0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 x

1, 2, 3.
) .
) ,
;
) 12 ,
;
) 15
, ;
)  , -
;

132

21-0143_MATH_G GYMN.indb 132 1/15/13 4:22 PM

 3.3

4
:
) )
4 .

, 30
10, .
3 , 1
. 44 ,
;

,
.
, ,
( )
.
,

. :

)

x + 3y = 44 h
x + y = 20

:
x + y = 20
. x x = 20 y

x 20 y
A
x + 3y = 44 :
(20 y) + 3y = 44
, 20 + 2y = 44
, . 2y = 44 20
2y = 24 y = 12
T y = 12 x = 20 y
, :
. x = 20 12
x = 8
. x = 8, y = 12,
(x, y) = (8, 12)

133

21-0143_MATH_G GYMN.indb 133 1/15/13 4:22 PM

 M - 3

, x = 8 y = 12 -

(8, 12) ,
8 + 3 12 = 44.
8 + 12 = 20

y.

)
A , , -
, .

,
5x 2y = 4
3x + 2y = 12
y

, y .
:
3x + 5x = 12 + 4 8x = 16, x = 2.
x , .. ,
:
3 2 + 2y = 12 2y = 6 y = 3.
x = 2, y = 3, (x, y) = (2, 3).

2x + 7y = 8
3x + 5y = 1

x,
,
2
3, :

3x + 5y = 1 (2)
2x + 7y = 8 3


6x 10y = 2
6x + 21y = 24
,
6x 10y + 6x + 21y = 2 + 24

. 11y = 22, o y = 2

y = 2, 3x + 5y = 1
:
, 3x + 5 2 = 17 3x + 10 = 1
. 3x = 9 x = 3

.
x = 3, y = 2,
(x, y) = (3, 2)
x = 3 y = 2

(3, 2) ,
2 (3) + 7 2 = 8
3 (3) + 5 2 = 1

134

21-0143_MATH_G GYMN.indb 134 1/15/13 4:22 PM

 3.3 A

1 N ,
12.

, , + = 180.
, = 3 + 12. ,
.

=+ 3
= 180

3 + 12 + = 180

3 + = 180 12
+ 12 = 3 + 12 = 3 + 12

4==3168
=42

= 42
+ 12 = 3 42 + 12 = 138

= 138 = 42.

2
N

(x + 2y) + y = 7
x + 2y =4

x + 2y 4 , :

x4 ++ 2yy ==7
y = 7 4

y = 3

y=3
4 x + 2y = 4 x + 2y = 4 x + 2 3 = 4

xy += 63
y = 3

y = 3
= 4 x = 4 6 x = 2

x = 2, y = 3, (x, y) = (2, 3).

3 3x y x+y
=1
2 8
N
2x 1 y3
5 + =2
2

, -
, :

3x y x+y
8 8 = 8 1 4(3x y) (x + y) = 8

10
2
2x 1
+ 10
8
y3
= 10 2


2(2x 1) + 5(y 3) = 20

5 2

4x12x24y+ 5yx 15y ==8 20

12x 4y x y = 8

11x 5y = 8
4x 2 + 5y = 20 4x + 5y = 37

135

21-0143_MATH_G GYMN.indb 135 1/15/13 4:22 PM

 M - 3

O y ,
: 11x + 4x = 8 + 37 15x = 45 x = 3.
x = 3 :
4 3 + 5y = 37 12 + 5y = 37 5y = 25 y = 5.
x = 3, y = 5, (x, y) = (3, 5).

4 O
50 1 . , 126
90 . ;

x 50 y 1 ,
x + y = 126 (1).
H 0,50 x + 1 y,
0,50 x + 1 y = 90 (2).

(1) (2):

0,50 x + 1 y = 90 ( 2)
x + y = 126

x + y = 126
x 2y = 180

M y 2y = 126 180 y = 54 y = 54.

A y = 54 :
x + 54 = 126 x = 126 54 x = 72.
72 50 54 1 .

E
x + y = 6
1
x y = 4
) (2, 4) ) (7, 1) ) (6, 2) ) (5, 1)

2
2x + y =
3x + 2y =
7
5

:
) x; ) y;
) x; ) y;

3 A
3x + 5y = 1
2x 5y = 9

;
) 3x = 1 ) 2x = 9 ) 5x = 10 ) 5x = 10

136

21-0143_MATH_G GYMN.indb 136 1/15/13 4:22 PM

 3.3 A

4 M
y ;

3x
5x + 4y = 9
.....
4x 3y = 1
.....
+ 2y = 1 ..... 2x + 5y = 4 .....

5 M ;
)

7x + 4y = 8
y = 3x 5
)
2x + 5y = 7
5x 5y = 18
)
y = 3x + 2

y = 5x + 8
)
5x + 3y = 2
3x 2y = 4
6
(1):

2x + y = 5
2x y = 3
(2) :


5x 7y = 4
5x + 7y = 4
,
. ;

1 :
)

x 2y = 1
y = 4
)
x + 3y = 2
2x + y = 0
)
4x y = 10
x + 3y = 9
)
3x + y = 4
x + 2y = 3
2 :
)

3x y = 7
2x + y = 4
)
2x y = 3
5x + 2y = 6
)
3x 2y = 0
2x + 3y = 0
)
2x + 3y = 5
6x 9y = 3
3 :

2x + y x1 x 5 2y + 1
= 3 y = 1 + = 3
4 4 2 3
) ) )
3x y x y x+4 y6
= 4 + 4 = 1 = 4
2 6 3 2

4 :
)

4x 3(2x + 3y) = 20 x + y
2(x 2y) + 5(x 2) = 3y + 4
)
x(y + 4) = y(x 6) 15 + 3x
(x 1)(x + 2y) = (x + y)2 y(y + 1)

5 :

)

1,3 0,8 = 2,1
0,9 + 0,4 = 0,5

) 4
0,2 = 1,5
3 + 1,4 = 1
)
2,5x + 3,2y = 1,8
1,6x 2,4y = 5,6

137

21-0143_MATH_G GYMN.indb 137 1/15/13 4:22 PM

 M - 3

6 :

1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1
y = 0 + = 6 =
) x 3
) )
3 4 5 6 9
x + y = 3 + = + =1
6

7 1 : 2x + 5y = 10 2 : x y = 1.

8 O : y
4
1 : 2x 3y = 14 =1
3y
2x
2 : x + y = 2 1:

=14
3 : 3x y = 14

x y
3 : 3
.
2
:x 0 x
+
; y=
2

9 A 3 + 3 + 3 + ... + 3 + 5 + 5 + 5 + ... + 5 = 410

100,
3 5.

10 A
x2x+yy==78 x = 1 y = 2,

, .

11 x + y = (1, 2) (3, 2).

, .

12 , , x2 + ( )x + 2 = 0
1 3.

13
180 cm

.
.
180 cm

14 2,5
800 2 5 .

.

138

21-0143_MATH_G GYMN.indb 138 1/15/13 4:22 PM

 3.3 A

15 O
16.
2 , 4
.
;

16 12 cm.
,
58 cm. .

17 ,
8 , 4 .
.

18 400 38% vol, -

32% vol 48% vol .
;

19

= 0 t, t

. 2 sec -
12m/sec 2sec
4 m/sec, 0 .
;

20 945 -
1810 C.
2 C
1,2 C,

.

21 10
, -
. 7
64 , 4 28
.
;

139

21-0143_MATH_G GYMN.indb 139 1/15/13 4:22 PM

 M - 3

3
1 N


xx ++ yy =
=1
k
, k .

2 A 1 : ( + )x + y = 7 2 : x + ( + 3)y = 1
(2, 1), .

3 (1):

xy=3
, (2) :
2x + y = 9
2x + y =
3x y =
, , .

4 x, y :
) (x + y 2)2 + (2x 3y + 1)2 = 0 ) 2x2 + y2 2xy + 4x + 4 = 0

5 :

(2x 3y + 4)(x + y)=0

(3x 4y)(x + 2y) = 8 x2 + y2 = 2xy
) ) x )
2x + y = 4 + y = 2 x+y=7
2
6 , 100 -
, 4 15.

7 (2 3)x = + 1 , , .

8 18 cm.
72 cm2, .

9 , 5 ,
4
11 .
3
10 , 18 C
6 C . 350
4500 C, .

11 , 10
, 18 .

12 ,
6 3.
, 4
9. ;

140

21-0143_MATH_G GYMN.indb 140 1/15/13 4:22 PM

 M - 3

13 2 m
5 m, 94 m2. ,
4 m 6 m,
104 m2. ;

14 55 km.
80 km/h 60 km/h

80 km/h
. A B
55 km

60 km/h .
;

15 45 km.
3 ,
, 20 .
;

16 .
,

180 m
,
12 sec.
930 m
42 sec.
.

17 R1, R2, , 2,4 .

R2 12 ,
R1. R1, R2.

E 3o K
1 .
x, y x + y = ,
.. 3 + 2y = 7.

x + y = (x, y)
.
.. (1, 2) 3 + 2y = 7, 3 1 + 2 2 = 7.

x + y = , 0 0.

141

21-0143_MATH_G GYMN.indb 141 1/15/13 4:23 PM

 M - 3

y y y
10 : x=3
= 2
5y : y=2
4x 1 1
:
0 5 x 0 1 2 x 0 1 2 3 x
2

0 0, =0, =0,
x+y= y= - x= -

. xx xx. yy yy.

, .
.. (3, 4) : y = 0, 3 4 = 0.
,
. .. (0, 2) : 4 5y = 10, 4 0 5 (2) = 10.

2 .
x, y :

() :
1x + 1y = 1
2x + 2y = 2
..
3 + 2y = 4
3y = 5
() (x, y)
. .. (2, 1)
3 + 23 yy == 45

,

322 + 3(1)
2(1) = 4
= 5
x, y :
)
1, 2.
y y y
8 4
24
1

2:

y=
:x

6 0 2 x
x
+

2x+

4
xy= 2
y=

2:
=1
5

y=

6
x2y

5
8

3
2 : 6
1 : 3

6 0 x

2 (3,2) 2
=6 6
x 3y
2 x
0 3 4 5 1:

1, 2 , 1, 2 1, 2 ,
,
, .
. .. .

x + y = 5
2x + y = 8
. .

(x, y) = (3, 2).

)


1 .

142

21-0143_MATH_G GYMN.indb 142 1/15/13 4:23 PM