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User's Manual and Construction Requirements For WareHouses in Industrial Cities PDF
User's Manual and Construction Requirements For WareHouses in Industrial Cities PDF
92 0000 425
modon.gov.sa @Modon_KSA
92 0000 425
modon.gov.sa @Modon_KSA
Contents
Contents
Technical Terminology.......................................................................................................................................................... 9
Introduction........................................................................................................................................................................ 11
Chapter Three: Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities......................29
3.1 Determining Manpower and Area Requirements........................................................................................................ 31
3.2 Principles and Criteria for the Planning of the Warehouse General Location.............................................................. 32
3.3 Design Elements of Warehouse Buildings.................................................................................................................... 35
3.4 Elements of the Warehouse and Factors Determining their Relationship................................................................... 56
3.5 Regulations and Management Rules for Land Uses..................................................................................................... 59
3.6 Checklist of Third Chapter........................................................................................................................................... 60
1
Contents
Chapter Seven: Design Phases of the Warehouse and the Related Utility Buildings ...................137
7.1 First Stage: Soil Studies for the General Location and Adjustments......................................................................... 139
7.2 Second Stage: Preliminary Building Design............................................................................................................... 140
7.3 Third Stage: Final Design Stage................................................................................................................................. 141
2
Contents
Information Tables......................................................................................................................157
9.1 List of Information for Forklifts................................................................................................................................... 159
9.2 List of Information of Trucks and Trailers.................................................................................................................... 161
9.3 List of Information of Area Requirements for Support Services................................................................................. 163
References..................................................................................................................................165
3
Figures
Figures
Figure 1: Illustrative plan of the elements of the general location of the warehouse buildings..................................35
Figure 2: Plan of Relationships of General Storages....................................................................................................36
Figure 3: Plan of Relationships of Transit Storages......................................................................................................36
Figure 4: Plan of Relationships of Accumulation .........................................................................................................36
Figure 5: Illustrative Plan of Storage Elements............................................................................................................38
Figure 6: Pallet Racks Measurements...........................................................................................................................39
Figure 7: Automated Storage Systems........................................................................................................................47
Figure 8: Alternatives for the distribution of shipping locations (c) and delivery (a):(a) the building is located on one .
road (b) the building is locatedon an orthogonal road (c) the building is located on two parallel roads...51
Figure 9: Illustrative plan of loading, unloading and maneuvering and turning area..................................................52
Figure 10: Illustrative plan of double-functional dock (loading and unloading)...........................................................53
Figure 11: Area requirements for shipping and delivery docks...................................................................................53
Figure 12: Typical receiving office................................................................................................................................54
Figure 13: Typical shipping office.................................................................................................................................54
Figure 14: Illustrative plan of work in inverted "T" flow storage.................................................................................56
Figure 15: Illustrative plan of work of cross flow storage.............................................................................................57
Figure 16: Illustrative plan of work flow in a ................................................................................................................57
Figure 17: Illustrative plan of through flow..................................................................................................................58
Figure 18: How to use setbacks- on one road..............................................................................................................65
Figure 19: How to use setbacks- on two orthogonal roads.........................................................................................65
Figure 20: Elevation conditions...................................................................................................................................66
Figure 21: Elevation in general warehouses.................................................................................................................67
Figure 22: Elevation in general mechanized warehouses............................................................................................67
Figure 23: Elevations in automated general warehouses............................................................................................67
Figure 24: Vertical loading dock for the back loading truck........................................................................................68
Figure 25: Dimensions of loading docks for back loading vehicles and depths of movement distances....................69
4
Figures
Figure 26: Dimensions of loading docks for lateral vehicles and depths of movement distances ............................... 70
Figure 27: Dimensions of 45 degree inclined loading docks for back loading vehicles............................................... 71
Figure 28: Dimensions of movement distances for 45 degree inclined loading docks................................................. 71
Figure 29: Shared loading docks - common entrance for all vehicles........................................................................... 72
Figure 30: Shared loading docks- separate entrances for common vehicles................................................................ 72
Figure 31: Internal aisle................................................................................................................................................. 73
Figure 32: Buffer unloading........................................................................................................................................... 73
Figure 33: Lateral movement aisles and dimensions of different lifts........................................................................... 74
Figure 34: Illustrative design of high loading outlets with doors and a canopy in case there are no doors available 75
Figure 35: Dimensions of trucks.................................................................................................................................... 75
Figure 36: Internal and external turning circle of a truck.............................................................................................. 76
Figure 37: Internal and external turning diameter of a trailer....................................................................................... 76
Figure 38: Fences.......................................................................................................................................................... 79
Figure 39: Adjacent Gates............................................................................................................................................. 79
Figure 40: Separate Gates............................................................................................................................................. 79
Figure 41: Docks............................................................................................................................................................ 80
Figure 42: Contouring of the main road network......................................................................................................... 81
Figure 43: Provide natural lighting................................................................................................................................ 82
Figure 44: Natural ventilation........................................................................................................................................ 83
Figure 45: Location of waste bin inside and outside the warehouse............................................................................ 92
Figure 46: Conditions and procedures of storage of hazardous waste........................................................................ 92
Figure 47: Unequal air distribution in storage area of unit cooler with one fan ......................................................... 101
Figure 48: Regular air distribution............................................................................................................................... 101
Figure 49: Cold warehouse with unit cooler outside the main cooling area............................................................... 102
Figure 50: Section of a pre-fabricated cold warehouse with top lift........................................................................... 102
Figure 51: Internal curtain composed of flexible strips that are used to reduce quantity of exchanged air............... 104
Figure 52: Illustrative example of open storage spaces.............................................................................................. 112
5
Figures
6
Tables
Tables
7
Technical Terminology
Technical Terminology
9
Introduction
Introduction
11
1
13
Chapter 1: General Conditions of Building
Warehouses in Industrial Cities
1.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................15
Title....................................................................................................................................................................15
Scope of Implementation...................................................................................................................................15
Saudi Industrial Property Authority Powers........................................................................................................15
Update of the Guide...........................................................................................................................................15
The Guide's Applicability....................................................................................................................................15
14
Introduction
1.1
General Conditions of Building Warehouses in Industrial Cities
1.1 Introduction
15
The Owner- Investor's Obligations
1.2 General Conditions of Building Warehouses in Industrial Cities
16
The Designer's Obligations
1.3
General Conditions of Building Warehouses in Industrial Cities
17
The Supervisor's Obligations
1.4 General Conditions of Building Warehouses in Industrial Cities
18
The Contractor's Obligations
1.5
General Conditions of Building Warehouses in Industrial Cities
19
General Conditions for Building Warehouses
1.6 General Conditions of Building Warehouses in Industrial Cities
1. The warehouse has a permit from the 7. The investor uses the planned land to build a
Ministry of Commerce and Industry or the warehouse in the industrial cities according to
Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority a contract concluded with the Saudi Industrial
(SAGIA). Property Authority or with the owner of
2. Warehouses of food, water, medication, the private industrial city, depending on
bioproducts, sanitary and herbal products the nature of the contract, whether it is of
that are used for medical purposes, leasing, sale or usufruct. The contract binds
laboratory and diagnostic reagents, as well as the warehouse owner to the conditions and
medical supplies and electronic devices that requirements of building warehouses inside
affect human health and pesticides, should industrial cities in terms of construction,
have a permit from competent authorities, operation and maintenance.
and should follow-up and collaborate with
the Saudi Food & Drug Authority in order
to guarantee health quality and security of
the stored material, and make sure they
comply with the criteria of general health,
and get acquainted with the conditions and
procedures used by the Saudi Food & Drug
Authority (WWW.SFDA-GOV.SA) .
3. The necessary area for the warehouse
should take into account the requirements of
storage, loading and unloading areas as well
as maneuvering areas.
4. The minimum modern technologies should
be provided in the warehouse for vehicles,
machines, loading and unloading ways.
5. An adequate area is allocated for each
storage warehouse inside the industrial city,
after conducting architectural studies, while
informing MODON of doing so. Any future
expansion activities are taken into account if
sufficient justification is provided.
6. Warehouses outside industrial cities are given
lands in the industrial cities in case it is decided
that it is necessary to relocate them in order
to carry out expansion activities to increase
their area, according to the governing and
obtained permits.
20
Steps to Submit a Request of Building a Warehouse
1.7
General Conditions of Building Warehouses in Industrial Cities
Boston,
USA
21
2
23
Chapter 2:Types of Warehouses and Storage Facilities
2.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................25
24
Introduction
2.1
Types of Warehouses and Storage Facilities
2.1 Introduction
25
Classification of Warehouses
2.2 Types of Warehouses and Storage Facilities
26
Training Institutes
2.2
Types of Warehouses and Storage Facilities
Flammable/Hazardous Storehouse
Flammable/hazardous storehouses are different
from general warehouses because of the
dangerous aspect of the stored materials and
the measures taken to prevent, eliminate and
extract gases and vapors that are generated
by the storage of these materials, through
appropriate ventilation, and according to the
conditions of the Civil Defense for building
warehouses and storing flammable/hazardous
substances and the criteria and standards of the
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).
The substances that are stored as part of this
category of warehouses include tints and some
petroleum substances, oil and lubricants- POL,
chemical substances, acids, corrosive liquids
and oxidized substances, as well as other similar
flammable and hazardous substances.
Shed Storage
It is a ceiled structure with no lateral or
completely finished walls that may contain
sprinkler and fire extinguishing alarm systems.
This type of warehouses is usually used to store
gas, petrol and oil cylinders, lubricants-filled
cylinders, trucks, unpolished wood, as well as
their construction material. It is noteworthy that
shed storages that are used to store hazardous
substances are subject to specific design
requirements and conditions.
27
3
29
Chapter 3:Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings
and Storage Facilities
3.1 Determining Manpower and Area Requirements....................................................................31
3.2 Principles and Criteria for the Planning of the Warehouse General Location...........................32
General Specifications........................................................................................................................................32
Optimal Distribution of Spaces in the General Location.....................................................................................32
Area Requirements for the Flow of Trucks inside the Location............................................................................33
Orientation of Buildings.....................................................................................................................................33
Shapes and Rates of Warehouse Buildings..........................................................................................................33
30
Determining Manpower and Area Requirements
3.1
Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities
3.1 Determining Manpower and Area Requirements
31
Principles and Criteria for the Planning of the Warehouse General Location
3.2 Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities
3.2 Principles and Criteria for the Planning of the Warehouse General Location
Necessary areas for traffic and parking of Determine loading bay areas in the best part
trucks. in special marshalling areas as well as of the general location in order to achieve the
maneuvering and circulation areas for trucks main goals:
and fire trucks need to be secured, in addition Achieve maximal efficiency of entrance
to loading and unloading areas. and exit of goods.
Geographical Locations and Environmental Capacity for peak traffic flow and types
and Natural Factors Surrounding the Location of used trucks in loading and transfer of
goods.
When designing warehouses, climate factors
surrounding the location should be taken
Flexibility for future changes and all cli-
mate circumstances in the location.
into consideration. They are classified as the
following:
Integration between the general lo-
cation design and the internal main
Desert areas: When designing warehouses traffic axes on one hand, and the uses
in desert areas, solar radiation intensity, high surrounding the location on the other
temperatures, water drainage in the location hand.
(floods) and sand winds are taken into con- Comply with loading methods of stored
sideration. goods that may differ according to the
stored goods.
Waterfront areas: Among the factors related
to designing warehouses in waterfront areas Determine the truck flow pattern from the
are saltwater, water splash, corrosion, dete- entrance gates to the loading and unloading
rioration caused by sea bugs and humidity. exits so that they are one way or two ways.
Area Requirements for the Flow of Trucks
32
Principles and Criteria for the Planning of the Warehouse General Location
3.2
Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities
33
Principles and Criteria for the Planning of the Warehouse General Location
3.2 Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities
34
Design Elements of Warehouse Buildings
3.3
Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities
Additional Collection
Area in Peak Times
Shipping Office
Discharge
Loading
Employee
Entrance
Main Buffer Areas
Car Parking PrimaryAccumulation
35
Design Elements of Warehouse Buildings
3.3 Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities
Verification/ Verification/
Packing and Storing Packing and Storing
Verification/Packing
And Storing
Special Warehouses Slow, Medium, Fast Circulation Special Warehouses Slow, Medium, Fast Circulation
(Chilled) (Chilled)
Storage of Goods
Without Staging
Goods Goods
Selecting Orders Upon Request/ Selecting Orders Upon Request/
Selecting Orders Selecting Orders
Goods Upon Request/
Selecting Orders
Collecting Orders
Loading/Verifying/ Loading/Verifying/
Loading Orders Assuring Orders Loading Orders Assuring Orders
Verification/Loading
Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping
Figure2: Plan of Relationships of General Storages Figure 3: Plan of Relationships of Transit Storages Figure 4: Plan of Relationships of Accumulation
36
Design Elements of Warehouse Buildings
3.3
Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities
37
Design Elements of Warehouse Buildings
3.3 Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities
Pallet Racks
Box Storage
Receiving and
Shipping Office
Shipping Receiving
38
Design Elements of Warehouse Buildings
3.3
Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities
120cm
2.2 2
Table1:
14.4
70
1165x1165
1067x1067
1100x1100
Length=80cm
800x1200
Figure 6: Pallet Racks Measurements
39
Design Elements of Warehouse Buildings
3.3 Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities
Shelving/Bins
40
Design Elements of Warehouse Buildings
3.3
Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities
Table 2:
Types of racks
80cm
2.0m
60cm 60cm 60cm
2.6m
Distance Between
Racks
2.3m
41
Design Elements of Warehouse Buildings
3.3 Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities
1.5m
Roller Rack
(slope 3-6 % )
Max:8.0m
42
Design Elements of Warehouse Buildings
3.3
Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities
43
Design Elements of Warehouse Buildings
3.3 Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities
44
Design Elements of Warehouse Buildings
3.3
Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities
Table 3:
Long Span Shelving Tiered Shelving Raised Storage Cantilever Shelving Lightweight Fir Tree Racking
Area Live Storage
3D
percentage of
45 45 80 50 65 25
space usage
)%(
Percentage
of shelve 95 95 50 100 70 70
)%( capacity
Percentage of
order selection Good Good Below average Good Excellent Good
(%)
Easiness of
Good Average Difficult Average Very difficult Best
goods transfer
Speed
of order Good Average Below average Good Very good Good
selection
Cycle of
Very good Good Below average Very good Excellent Very good
goods
PRODUCED
BY
PRODUCED
PRODUCED
PRODUCED BY AN
PRODUCED BY
BY
AN
BY AN
AN
AN AUTODESK
AUTODESK
AUTODESK
AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL
EDUCATIONAL
EDUCATIONAL
AUTODESK PRODUCT
PRODUCT
PRODUCT
PRODUCT
PRODUCT
EDUCATIONAL
EDUCATIONAL
45
Design Elements of Warehouse Buildings
3.3 Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities
Table 4:
Mechanized Storage System
Gravity Live
Block Stacking Post Pallets Drive-in Racking Beam Pallet Racking Powdered Mobile Racking
Storage
3 D
percentage of
100 90 65 35-50 80 80
space usage
)%(
Percentage
of shelve 75 75 75 100 70 100
)%( capacity
Percentage of
order selection 1 30 30 100 30 100
)%(
Speed
Fastest Good Below average Good Good Very good
of transit
Exposure of
batch to High - - - Sometimes -
damages
Stability
Below average Average Good Good Average Good
of batch
PRODUCED BY
BY
BY
BY
PRODUCED
PRODUCED
PRODUCED
PRODUCED AN
AN
AN
AN
BY AUTODESK
AUTODESK
AUTODESK
AUTODESK
AN EDUCATIONAL
EDUCATIONAL
EDUCATIONAL
EDUCATIONAL
AUTODESK PRODUCT
PRODUCT
PRODUCT
PRODUCT
PRODUCT
EDUCATIONAL
46
Design Elements of Warehouse Buildings
3.3
Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities
up to 30m
Stackers
up to 20m
Figure7: Automated Storage Systems
47
Design Elements of Warehouse Buildings
3.3 Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities
48
Design Elements of Warehouse Buildings
3.3
Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities
Road
that the supplier received the correct quality
and quantity of goods and transferred them
to the storage area.
The task of shipping goods is making sure S
that the picked goods from the storage area
have been transferred to the agent in good
(B)
conditions in a specific timetable
Road Road Road
R R R
S S S
Road Road Road
(C)
Figure8: Alternatives for the distribution of shipping locations (c) and delivery
(a): (a) the building is located on one road (b) the building is located
51
Design Elements of Warehouse Buildings
3.3 Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities
Loading and Unloading Areas and unloading docks. When designing Note:
additional buffer areas, the following criteria Providing a maximum number of
Loading and unloading areas comprise three loading and unloading docks in
main factors: are taken into account:
52
Design Elements of Warehouse Buildings
3.3
Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities
Type of trucks used to transfer goods (par- There are offices for supervisors such as the
warehouse secretary or work team leaders.
cel transfer vehicles, outer transfer vehicles
The location of the offices is near the relevant
6 meters, measured vehicles 12 - 15 meters,
activity area. The design of the office comprises
long vehicles 16 meters (for more details, at least two tables for two people with chairs
please refer to the list of information related and drawer to store files. These offices are
to truck dimensions) usually made of pre-fabricated separating walls
Expected traffic of aisle of goods or another structural form (cement blocks).
Additional Buffer
Unloading Area Car Parking
Car Entrance
Truck and Storage Areas Main Circulation
Trailer Entrance Passage
Figure 10: Illustrative plan of double-functional dock (loading and unloading) Figure 11: Area requirements for shipping and delivery docks
53
Design Elements of Warehouse Buildings
3.3 Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities
2.7m
Security
Canopy Office Shipping Canopy
Office
Slope
Figure 12: Typical receiving office Figure 13: Typical shipping office
54
Design Elements of Warehouse Buildings
14.3
Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities
55
Elements of the Warehouse and Factors Determining their Relationship
3.4 Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities
Below are figures of illustrative plans of Allow a better use of outer spaces for the
warehouse models, and that show the work parking of trucks
progress and the relationship between the
The flaws of this method are the following:
functional elements, characteristics, and flaws
of each model. Central goods storage aisles become crowd-
ed in receiving and shipping peak periods
Inverted T flow
The expansion requires a change in the
In this model, shipping and unloading areas are course of goods
placed closely on one side of the building, with
the following characteristics: The transfer distance can be long in bulk stor-
age areas
Allocating areas for small, average and high
demand of goods minimizes the movement Loading and unloading docks need central
(small demand quantities require longer management
transfer distance in distant areas)
Better use of loading and unloading outlets Slow Movement Goods
and possibility for common use of mechanical
material handling equipment
Storage without
Require less space compared to the model Packing or Wrappimg
Medium Movement
that includes separate spaces for loading and Goods
unloading
Possibility to use a loading outlet also for un- Fast Movement Goods
loading in separate times
Receiving and shipping of goods in one place
allows an easier commercial operation man-
agement and ensuring goods against theft
Flexibility for expansion in three directions
Goods Shipping
56
Elements of the Warehouse and Factors Determining their Relationship
3.4
Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities
Figure 15: Illustrative plan of work of cross flow storage Figure 16: Illustrative plan of work flow in a
This model is characterized by using the goods In this model receiving storage are separate
distribution method in the management of the from shipping areas, the aim being to help
warehouse, where storage spaces for goods of provide solutions for situations that might
important movement are placed at the closest cause contradiction between goods when
point of the loading and unloading area. they are close to each other
Expansion potential in two directions
57
Elements of the Warehouse and Factors Determining their Relationship
3.4 Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities
Through flow
In this type of storage, loading and unloading
locations are in opposite directions with the
building.
This model is used when unloading requirements
are different from loading ones.
The flaws of this technique are the following:
All stored goods should cross the whole in-
ternal distance
There are challenges in future expansion
58
Regulations and Management Rules for Land Uses
3.5
Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities
1. Commit to the use according to the 9. Preserve and maintain buildings and
allocation of areas inside the industrial city keeping them in good condition
depending on type of storages
10. The Authority has the right to add other
2. Conformity to conditions and constraints articles to support these items during the
that are attached to the contract of sale or growth of the industrial city, such as:
rental in order to make sure that the owner
or the leaseholder preserves the buildings Impose a financial compensation on
and the attractiveness of the city. The each tenant or owner for the mainte-
applicable conditions and constraints are nance of the city according to the sug-
the following: gested regulations of MODON.
Types of land uses (allowed and pro- Impose fines on violating beneficiaries
hibited) within the industrial city of the warehouses and demand strict
Improvements to the ground use lo- enforcement of regulations.
cations (conditions for the develop-
ment of the land parcel such as: land
occupancy, elevation, built-up area,
fences, advertisements, etc.)
Support uses to the warehouse build-
ings: allocate parking lots for workers'
cars in the storage, transport cars,
and the area for shipping and unload-
ing operating, a place for workers,
and a place to coordinate the location
around the warehouse, etc.
3. Prohibit modifications in buildings without a
prior authorization from the Authority.
4. Limit the use of building to the ones
determined by the sale and lease contracts.
5. Refrain from posting advertisements on
the buildings without prior authorization by
MODON
6. Refrain from using setbacks or storehouse
surfaces for waste storing
7. Refrain from using main roads as marshaling
areas for truck parking.
8. Refrain from using lateral or back setbacks
to place chillers even if they were lifted from
the ground
59
Checklist of Third Chapter
3.6 Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities
Yes No Other
Taking into account the environmental and natural factors surrounding the location
Consider the location's topography and geology as well as the soil's characteristics and the ground's drainage o o
Make use of the environmental circumstances and avoid the related flaws o o
Provide an appropriate level of environmental control and natural and artificial lighting o o
Minimize noise pollution near other facilities o o
Provide enough areas for the main elements of the warehouse general location
Loading/Unloading areas o o
Marshalling Areas o o
Maneuvering Areas o o
Accumulation Areas o o o
Buffer Areas o o o
Car and Truck Parking Lots o o
Availability of other main elements in the warehouse
Storage Areas o o
Staging Areas o o o
Receiving and Shipping Areas o o
Available support services
Offices of supervisors, receiving and shipping offices o o
Staff services o o
Crating and staging areas o o
Adequacy of storage regulations according to types of goods
Manual storage (see table 3) o o o
Mechanized storage (see table 4) o o o
Availability of adequate areas for transport equipment and swept turning circles
Adequacy of transport equipment with the width of aisles (see table 2) o o
Adequacy of order picking equipment for stored goods (see table 5) o o
60
4
Construction Conditions
within the Industrial City
63
Chapter 4: Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
4.1 Construction Conditions .................................................................................................... 65
Design regulations for the warehouse building block.................................................................................... 65
Land Occupancy and Rates of Distribution of the Building's Elements........................................................... 65
Setbacks....................................................................................................................................................... 65
Elevations..................................................................................................................................................... 66
Loading and Unloading Areas Conditions...................................................................................................... 68
Design Conditions for Loading Docks............................................................................................................ 68
Standards of turning diameter of vehicles of different types and sizes.......................................................... 75
Open areas................................................................................................................................................... 76
4.2 Conditions for Building Design........................................................................................... 77
General Guidelines....................................................................................................................................... 77
Facades........................................................................................................................................................ 77
Floors........................................................................................................................................................... 78
Service areas................................................................................................................................................. 78
4.3 Conditions of the Site Design............................................................................................. 79
Fences.......................................................................................................................................................... 79
Entrances and Gates..................................................................................................................................... 79
Docks............................................................................................................................................................ 80
Advertisement Banners................................................................................................................................. 80
Site Landscape.............................................................................................................................................. 81
Contouring of the Main Road Network ........................................................................................................ 81
4.4 Utilities............................................................................................................................... 82
Natural and Industrial Lighting...................................................................................................................... 82
Conditions and Requirements for Ventilation and Conditioning Activities..................................................... 83
Air Conditioning........................................................................................................................................... 83
Mechanical Activities Requirements for Air Conditioning.............................................................................. 84
Electricity...................................................................................................................................................... 84
Telecommunication....................................................................................................................................... 86
Conditions and Requirements Related to Sanitary Works ............................................................................. 87
Utility Water/ Drinking Water........................................................................................................................ 88
Conditions for Initial Treatment before Dischargin g to the Central Treatment Facilities................................ 88
Storm Water Drainage.................................................................................................................................. 90
4.5 Solid waste......................................................................................................................... 91
Definitions.................................................................................................................................................... 91
Solid waste................................................................................................................................................... 91
4.6 Environmental conditions................................................................................................... 93
4.7 Fire and Explosives............................................................................................................. 94
4.8 Warehouse General Safety Requirements........................................................................... 95
4.9 Checklist for Chapter 4............................................................................................................96
64
Construction Conditions
4.1
Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
Design regulations for the warehouse 4. The Authority must accept an increase of
building block floor area ratio above than 1.5, based on a
There are some conditions and standards that suggestion of the investor after submitting
are related to designing the block of logistic the documents that prove to do so in the
services and that, if implemented, help create warehouse.
a better industrial environment with positive Setbacks
influence on the design of the warehouse, such
as the following: 1. The front setback (to the street) is not below
13.5 m, while the lateral and back setback is
1. The general location and the warehouse not below 6 m (including 1 m allocated for the
buildings should be placed in a position that site landscape and a sidewalk of 60 cm width
allows to directly blocking the view of service around the building, except loading docks)
and maintenance areas as much as possible. (table 18)
2. All work areas that face main streets or their 2. No facility is placed in the setback area, except
adjacent properties should be completely the electricity room, the main interrupter
covered with plants, trees or concrete walls room, the spare generator, the guard's room,
allowing the direct blocking of the view. car parking lots, fuel and gas tanks, and are
3. Dismantled car and truck storage spaces placed in the front setback.
should be completely covered with concrete 3. In case secondary streets are 20 and 30 m
walls. wide, it is necessary to add a chamfer to the
4. It is necessary to conduct a traffic study in ground of 3 m from each side at an angle of 45
the location so as to meet the needs of the degrees (see table 26)
projects and without causing any conflict with
the existing traffic on main streets.
5. It is necessary to provide parking lots for 6m
Land Parcel Boundaries
Land Parcel
warehouse.
Passage of Trucks
3m
Fuel and 45
Room of 1 m Biogas Room
at the most out of the land area and is not
3m
below 45%.
Main Entrance
Main Entrance Front Road Less Than 40 m Front Road 20-30 m
65
Construction Conditions
4.1 Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
Hanging Equipment
(Sprinklers System) Hanging
Equipment
50cm 50cm
(Lighting)
7.5-30m
66
Construction Conditions
4.1
Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
Note:
7.5m
8m
Figure 21 shows a model
pattern for an automated
general warehouse that
includes 7.5 m height
Figure 21: Elevation in general warehouses shelves. The ceiling's height
at the lowest point of the
inclination reaches 8 m and
the distance between spans
varies between 12 and 18 m.
Note:
Figure 22 shows a model
20-11.1m
pattern of an automated
general warehouse where
ceiling's height at the
lowest point of inclination
reaches 14 m, and where
the distance between spans
varies between 11.1 and
20 m.
Note:
Figure 23 shows a model
pattern of an automated
general warehouse where
structural pallets of the
building reach a height of
30 m.
30m
67
Construction Conditions
4.1 Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
1. The loading and unloading area is identified in The width of the vertical loading dock for back
the master plan. trucks is not below 3.5 m.
2. Consider the easiness of car and truck There should be enough space in the loading
movement within the warehouse and the docks for safe movement and truck turning
absence of obstacles facing movement
paths among them with the need to provide Reference 12m
16.5m
3.5m
3.2m
3. A part of the land area is allocated for loading
and unloading activities inside the warehouse
according to the following conditions.
3.2m
Loading
Access Lift
3.2m
Loading docks are one of the main elements
in the beginning and at the end of any storage
process. During the design phase, it is necessary Figure 24: Vertical loading dock for the back loading truck
68
Construction Conditions
4.1
Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
0m 0m
5 5
10 10
15 15
20 20
5m 4m 3.5m
25 25
Minimum Depth of
30 Truck Circulation 30
Distance, Optimal
35 35
Depth
40 40
45 45
(C) (B) (A)
69
Construction Conditions
4.1 Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
0m 0m
5 5
10 10
15 15
20 20
7m
25 25
30 30
Minimum Depth of
35 Truck Circulation Distance 35
40 Minimum Depth of 40
45 Trailer Circulation Distance 45
70
Construction Conditions
4.1
Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
5.3m 5.3m
Before Starting
m
the loading docks if it is not necessary to pro- 3.
15
The Rotation 8m
vide an aisle for trucks passage, otherwise the
distance would be no less than 25 m (figure
7m
28) Radius 13.4m
7.
10.6m
45
Design conditions for shared loading docks
12.4m
21.3m
0m 5 10 15 20 25
0m 0m
5 45 5
10 10
3.5m
15 15
Minimum Depth
20 Of Truck Circulation 20
Distance, Optimal Depth
25 25
30 30
71
Construction Conditions
4.1 Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
The width of vans parking lots is no less than Figure 29: Shared loading docks - common entrance for all vehicles
3.2 m.
The back distance for vans parking lots is no
less than 5 m, in order to provide appropriate 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0m
0m 0m
distance to unload goods
5 5
When there are two separate entrances for 10 10
vans and trailers, the depth of the necessary 15 15
Entry of
distance for the movement of trucks and trail- 20 Small Trucks
3.2m
20
ers is no less than 42.5 m, given that in the lo- 25
5m
25
cation where it is hard to provide this distance 30 Entry of Trucks 30
on the whole land, the depth of the necessary 35 35
distance for the movement of vans is allowed 40 40
Minimum Depth of
to reach 35 m, as appears on figure 30. 45 Truck Circulation 45
common vehicles
72
Construction Conditions
4.1
Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
Staging area 6
Cross 16.5m
Traffic
Aisle 4m
6.5m
Aisle
3.5m
4m Unloading Buffer
m
m
3.5m
3.5m
Dock
Levler
Access
Door
73
Construction Conditions
4.1 Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
3.15m
Manual forklifts of 1.75 m length
Vertical storage aisles containing square
pallet (1220 m)
1.1m
Cross aisle (1.5 m)
Main aisle (1.82 m)
Auxiliary aisle (0.8 m)
2m
length of 2.4 m
Vertical storage aisles containing square
1m
pallet (1220 mm)
Cross aisle (1.9 m)
Main aisle (1.6 m)
1.
9m
1.82m
Auxiliary aisle (1 m)
Forklift of a capacity of 3000 kg and
length of 3.67 m
Cross aisle (2 m)
0.8m
different lifts
There should be dock levelers for raised The inclination of loading dock levelers
docks, the height of which vary according to should not exceed 10% and their depth varies
the types of trucks and trailers, whereas the between 2 m and 4.5 m.
height of the raised docks varies between 1
Dock shelters should be available to close
and 1.65 at least, provided that the leveler's
loading outlets by using shutters in cool stor-
height is a little less than the level of loading
ages (please see the chapter on special condi-
vehicles in order to prevent sliding of goods
tions for cool warehouses), when using them
towards the vehicle and avoid accidents in
the width of loading docks is no less than 3.7
case workers are located inside the vehicle.
m.
74
Construction Conditions
4.1
Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
There should be entrance stairs for people for Standards of turning diameter of vehicles of Note:
each 4 -5 loading docks different types and sizes In order to provide the
necessary protection
There should be an canopy placed at the load- of the storehouse from
ing docks in case there are no doors, or there Standard specifications of turning diameters
collision accidents at the
were not within the warehouse building. The (internal and external) of different trucks should
loading and unloading
be considered when designing movement and docks, iron poles with
canopys height should be no less than 5 m
maneuvering areas, and that vary according to circle sections (filled
from the ground floor
the type of vehicle used to transport goods from with cement at the
The height of the canopy is no less than 6 m one warehouse to the other docks) should be placed
when there are head openings for the loading along the canopy width
Truck (and the corners of the
and unloading vehicles constructive structure).
Trailers
The depth of the canopy is no less than 7 m.
Vans
Filled Pipe
2.5m 3m Wall Bumper
Concrete Filled
Pipe Wall Bumpers
Overhead Door
Dock Levler
Platform
Canopy
Elevation
Maximum Truck
Elevation
Maximum Elevation
Of Driving Booth
Figure 34: Illustrative design of high loading outlets with doors Figure 35: Dimensions of trucks
75
Construction Conditions
4.1 Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
Movement aisles
Below is an illustrative figure for dimensions of There should be aisles for the movement of
internal and external turning circles of a truck the different vehicles in the warehouse name-
and a trailer consecutively as an example for the ly trucks, trailers and vans (in one circular
requirements of maneuvering and circulation direction as much as possible)
areas and that vary according to dimensions of
trucks: The direction of the different vehicles is anti-
clockwise
0.52m
2.8m 53cm
External Turning
It is necessary to determine marshaling ar-
45cm Circle eas and vehicle parking lots by using signs
60cm
60cm and floor painting
4.5 Swept Turning
m 4.4m
m
Circle 13.4 m Install visual and audio communication equip-
m
3.9
ment in appropriate locations for maneuver-
9.2
9m
9m 34 .6m 2.8m
4m 9.5m 33
9
28 10.5m ing areas and loading docks, in order to main-
Turning circle 26.8m tain a regular aisle movement
Swept Turning Circle
Turning Aisle 180 Provide an office to observe operations in the
warehouse location and monitor the move-
Figure 36: Internal and external turning circle of a truck
ment of all trucks as well as loading and un-
30cm 30cm
loading
Provide two offices to monitor the operations
4.3m
30cm 8. 1.5m
5m 5.4m
Open areas
5.4m
m
6.3
5m
8m 30
7.5m 6m 15 9m 4.5m 1. The front yard is used to coordinate the
Turning circle 26.8m location, and at least 5% of the land's area is
allocated for open areas.
2. Coordinate open areas and plant them
Path to 180
Turn
Path to 90
Turn
with permanent green trees and surfaces,
4.1m pedestrian aisles, unexposed parking lots,
while studying their compatibility with
Figure 37: Internal and external turning diameter of a trailer entrances and fences.
3. 1 m within the setback from the fence is
allocated to coordinate the location and the
trees in order to improve the general aspect
of the storage. 1 m is also allocated around
the administration building to coordinate the
location, which is important to:
Add an esthetic character to industrial
areas
Act as a protection factor
76
Conditions for Building Design
4.2
Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
77
Conditions for Building Design
4.2 Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
78
Conditions of the Site Design
4.3
Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
Reinforced cement of ground beams at least 2. Warehouse gates can only be opened to main
30 cm above the ground surface and based roads when their width is 40 m or more, after
prior alignment with the Authority in order to
on reinforced cement bases each 5 m.
modify entrances and exits according to the
Main iron poles each 5 m in a 6 x 10 section of models adopted by MODON to fit with the
a height no less than 2.5 m. entrance and exit movement from and to the
Iron studs in a 3 x 6 section with distances warehouse as well as the depth of entrances
and gates with the movement on main roads.
varying between 13 - 15 cm of a height no
less than 2.5 m. 3. Each warehouse has a special gate for the
entrance of staff and workers.
Longitudinal iron poles are connected to the
fence with iron square or circular iron beams 4. The height of external doors is identical to
of a 25 mm diameter. the height of 2.5 m fences, whereas internal
fences should not have an inferior height to
The fence is painted with white/ beige/ grey/ that of external gates.
black/ blue Epoxy paint that is resistant to air
conditions. 5. The design of the warehouse should take
into account providing special entrances for
Warehouses fences that give access to roads people with disabilities.
are painted with the color associated with the
6. External gates should be designed so as to
region of the warehouse and determined by
fit with the form of the fences, while taking
the industrial city's administration.
into consideration simplicity and innovation
Put lighting on the main pole locations with in design and using modern techniques for
headlamp lighting of 100 (Watt) globes, ac- observation and surveillance.
cording to the technical standards for fences
adopted by MODON.
9.5m 9.5m
Door Door 13m
Road Road
Figure 38: Fences Figure 39: Adjacent Gates Figure 40: Separate
Gates
79
Conditions of the Site Design
4.3 Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
Advertisement Banners
1. The warehouse commits to posting an
advertisement banner with the name of the
warehouse according to the model adopted
by the Authority (as appears in the photo).
Otherwise, it is prohibited to place and fix
advertisement banners on the warehouse
building or any other place, whether the
fences or the roofs of administrative buildings.
2. The banner is made of aluminum and fits the
following specifications:
Technical standards: Height of 275 cm
and width of both sides. Advertisement
facade 121 x 200 cm and width 245 cm.
Structure of the banner: Aluminum profile
two pieces section 1 aluminum pipe thick-
ness 3 mm diameter 13 cm. Section 2 Alu- Advertisement banners adopted by
minum thickness 4 mm external diameter the Saudi Industrial Property Authority
15 and 85 cm Front and back facade of
the advertisement: Aluminum cladding
thickness 4 mm white color.
Advertisement banner material: Vinyl 3 M
80
Conditions of the Site Design
4.3
Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
81
Utilities
4.4 Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
4.4 Utilities
82
4.4
Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
83
Utilities
4.4 Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
7. Attention should be paid to safe operation so Warehouses must be equipped with air con-
that the system or any of its components do ditioning systems and there must be an ade-
not become a source of danger, such as fire, quate environment with the type of store sub-
for example but not limited to, is not a cause stances in terms of preserving an adequate
of the transfer of fire or smoke from one place temperature and humidity percentage.
to another according to the Codes to control
the transfer of smoke (NFPA) and the ability of All wastes must be treated adequately before
the system to handle and control the smoke being discharged to the outside in order to
produced by fire (NFPA & ASHRAE). avoid air contamination.
Mechanical Activities Requirements for Air All control rooms and electricity board rooms
Conditioning must be equipped with air conditioning sys-
tems.
Ventilation rates should be for storage pur-
poses as needed, provided that the following It is required to properly treat water supply
conditions are met (ASHRAE): and cooled water networks as needed.
Special air conditioning equipment in food Comply with the requirements of rationaliza-
warehouses should be equipped with backup tion of electric power in ventilation and cool-
systems and filters as needed. ing.
The channel building process should be sub- Air conditioning equipment must be selected
ject to the SMACNA qualifications. according to accurate calculations and with
the least consumption of electricity. Central
All air openings should be equipped with conditioning devices must be equipped with
sand traps, and all air entrances should be a control and programmed operating system.
covered with insect nets.
Conditioned air curtains must be used for
Environment pollutants including dust, smells, doors that are constantly opened in condi-
and stuck particles should be treated in the in- tioned areas.
ternal ventilation rather than the roof-installed
ventilation. The air change rate required in the Electricity
ASHRAE standards should also be achieved. Electrical activities requirements
All ventilation devices and conditioning 1. It is required to take into account that the
equipment should be designed to function 24 consumption voltage in industrial cities is
hours and at a maximum outer temperature three-phased, 230/400 V, 60 Hertz, 4 wires.
of 50C 2. Electrical activities must be designed
All warehouses must be equipped with venti- according to Saudi standards issued by
lation systems. SASO or any other world standards.
84
Utilities
4.4
Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
transformers (SEC) and comply with any capacity of the warehouse. It is also required
modifications imposed by the company to comply with the warehouse's electrical
according to the dimensions of transformers feed requirements, the quantitative capacity
and their special equipment, during the design K.V.A. and the compound capacity K.B.A.
process and before execution of activities. 9. The above mentioned requirements are
5. In general, it is required to comply with the general requirements. In the event of
following standards for transformer rooms: a special case or special requirements,
The room dimensions should not be less the investor can liaise with the electricity
company in order to find solutions that are
than 4x5 for each transformer, and a minimal
convenient to both parties.
height of 3 m, with a ground floor made of
pebbles 10. Warehouses and facilities are subject to the
The room must give access to the street above mentioned conditions when loads
are less than 16 Mega. Otherwise, they are
The room must be exposed subject to special treatment and procedures.
The room must be located on a main street 11. Main distribution boards should be installed
at least 10 m wide, and in case there are for the warehouse inside the model
more than one street or in case the investor electricity distribution room. The suggested
wishes to place it on an secondary street, he location for the companys electricity room
can consult the electricity company to con- must be as close as possible to this room
sider the possibility of doing so, provided near the high voltage cable path that
that that the width of the secondary street is supplies the location.
no less than 10 m.
12. The floor protection system must be
The room floor level should be at least 0.30 described along with its various components
m higher than the sidewalk's level. The and the standards of used materials, while
implementation of the transformers room mentioning the maximum allowed resistance
should be made according to the designs in the grounding set
and standards adopted by the electricity
13. All special information on wiring and any
company.
additional information on distribution
6. The first estimations for required electrical boards should be mentioned (including
quantities calculate the use of a rate of 70 Watt/ tables of symbols) while indicating the
m2 only for lighting, plugs and ventilation (out details of any special installments.
of the warehouse area).
14. A spare source of electrical power should
7. The electricity company is in charge of supplying be ensured for important factories in
industrial cities with required electrical power. order to operate the warehouse during
The warehouse should coordinate with the an interruption of general current while
competent company's branch on how to supply meeting the needs of connection procedures
electrical power (while mentioning the report between the source and supplying company
on required electrical estimations). of electrical power.
8. The standardized electricity company is in Requirements of Electrical Power Use
charge of supplying the warehouse with Rationalization
required electrical power according to the
The following requirements must be taken into
actual needs to operate production lines,
account for the electrical power rationalization:
provided that an additional extension is
required while increasing the production 1. Choose low consumption machines 85
Utilities
4.4 Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
The exits of telecom services should have Storm water drainage is not allowed in the
typical plugs adopted by the telecom water sewage network.
company that are used with four screw It is necessary to comply with health preven-
plugs or registered jacks (RJ 11) and use a tion in warehouses that require so, such as
flat surface with the wall on the fixed ser- food, dairy products, meat and other ware-
vice exit boxes inside the wall. houses. This means that workers must pass
Used plugs must be of the manufactured through mandatory washrooms upon access-
type for telecom service. It is prohibited ing and after leaving the warehouse.
under any circumstance to use plugs and
It is necessary to separate water supply pipe-
exits used for electrical power.
lines from sewage pipelines.
A hole is perforated in the external fa- It is necessary to provide a water treatment
cade of the warehouse fence wall and
an open line from the hole to the floor's system for solid waste before discharging
surface is done. Then a PVC line of an in- them in the general sewage network, while
ternal diameter of 100 mm is extended taking into account environment protec-
from the end of the line to a depth of 30 tion standards according to the document
cm inside the earth to 15 cm outside the 1401/1402 issued from the Presidency of
property's limits. Meteorology and Environment (PME) or any
other annexes.
Clarify the grey water treatment method and
detail its quality
87
Utilities
4.4 Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
Utility water/ drinking water is defined as the Source: PME, General Environmental Law and Rules for
imported water in the industrial city and that is Implementation, 2001
used to meet the needs of workers and other Conditions for Initial Treatment before
purposes: Discharging to the Central Treatment
Facilities
1. The source of this water is usually artesian
1. These conditions are implemented on
aquifers or desalinated and treated sea
polluted water produced by industrial
water, knowing that it is prohibited to use the
operations before discharging them to the
water for sale, cooling or washing purposes.
sewage general network. Below are the
Therefore it is required to clarify the use of this
instructions for initial treatment that show the
water and the necessary quantity throughout
maximum allowed limits for pollution level in
the year.
the sewage water.
2. External connections of a diameter less than
2. The warehouse commits to set up an internal
40 mm should be established near necessary
sewage network that is connected to the
valves with the general network with the
general network with external connections
knowledge of the water operator in the
of a minimum diameter of 150 mm, with the
industrial city.
knowledge of the city water sewage operator.
3. Collaboration with the industrial city's The network must be equipped with an initial
operator is required. treatment system for industrial waste, and the
4. Needs of workers inside the warehouse water must comply with the environmental
are estimated at 30 L/individual/day. The standards stipulated in the Authority's
irrigation water needs inside the warehouse environmental conditions guide, before
are estimated at 10 L/day/m2. discharging it to the general network.
5. Comply not to exceed the limits for health- 3. Unpolluted surface water and cooling grey
damaging materials in water, according to the water must be discharged after complying
standards issued by the PME: with environmental standards.
88
Utilities
4.4
Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
Table 7: Table 9:
Physicochemical properties of untreated sewage Non-organic physicochemical properties for untreated
water sewage water
Properties Instructions Name of element 1.0
Floating materials Clear Arsenic 0.5
Total congested solids 2000 mg/L Cadmium 2.0
PH 5-10 Total chromium 1.0
Temperature 60 C (maximum) Copper 1.0
Alsanid 1.0
Source: PME, General Environmental Law and Rules for Lead 0.01
Implementation, 2001
Mercury 2.0
Nickel 10.0
Zinc Zinc
89
Utilities
4.4 Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
90
Solid waste
4.5
Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
91
Solid waste
4.5 Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
General health and environmental safety con- These bins and tanks are placed in a ceiled
ditions must be respected in waste collection warehouse within the location according to
and discharge. Therefore, bins or chutes must the general health and environmental safety
be closed and resistant to leakages, and must conditions, at a minimal distance of 15 m from
limit any odor emission. the limits of the location on all directions. The
warehouse's location is chosen in such a way
as to limit environmental damages and haz-
ards in case of leakage or any other incident.
Ventilation
Garbage Container
(Indoor) Firefighter vehicles must have access to the
warehouse in case of fire or in the event of oc-
Truck(Goods Transport) currence of any another incident. The location
Loading Dock of the warehouse is not affected by natural
factors such as floods or torments; the floor
of the warehouse must be made of cement or
any other insulating material.
In case of storing liquid substances, the ware-
house must be equipped with secondary
containments surrounding the tanks or bins,
Garbage Container
(Outdoor)
Truck
and allowing spare capacity storage in case of
(Good Transport) leakage or incident.
The necessary capacity of these containments
Loading Dock
Poisonous
Highly reactive
Flammable or explosive
Corrosive
Infectious and radioactive
Hazardous wastes can interact with each Volume of Secondary Containment
Vsc=110%xVst
other are separated and stored in separate
Figure 46: Conditions and procedures of storage of hazardous
bins or tanks the size of which is determined
depending on the produced quantities. No waste
waste is stored for more than 90 days as of
the storage date.
92
Environmental conditions
4.6
Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
The following general conditions are Provide safety methods according to the regu-
implemented on all types of warehouses: lations of the Civil Defense
General warehouse Comply with complete cleanliness in all the
Cold warehouses warehouse units
93
Fire and Explosives
4.7 Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
94
Warehouse General Safety Requirements
4.8
Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
95
Checklist for Chapter 4
4.9 Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
Yes No Not
required
Comply with the distance percentages inside the land area according to the following
rates
Total built-up area : 50% - 55% o o
Total movement void area, parking area, and loading and unloading area between 40%-45% o o
Open areas for site landscape 5% o o
Comply with the following setbacks
The front setback is no less than 13.5 m o o
The lateral setback is no less than 6 m o o
Refrain from establishing any facilities in the setback except electricity room, main interrupters, spare genera- o o
tor, the guard's room gas and oil tanks.
In case there was a car parking on the sides of the warehouse building, the distance between the limits of the o o o
land area and the warehouse building (lateral setback) is no less than 12 m
In case there were vertical parking slots for trucks on the sides of the warehouse building, the distance of the o o o
lateral setback is no less than 35 m.
In case there were diagonal parking slots for trucks by a 45 angle on the sides of the warehouse building, the o o o
distance of the lateral setback should be no less than 25 m.
96
Checklist for Chapter 4
4.9
Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
97
5
99
Chapter 5: Conditions for Different Types of Warehouses
100
Cold Warehouses
5.1
Conditions for Different Types of Warehouses
102
Cold Warehouses
5.1
Conditions for Different Types of Warehouses
103
Cold Warehouses
5.1 Conditions for Different Types of Warehouses
Anti-Steam Barriers
Anti-steam barriers are used with each iso-
lating process in cold warehouses in order
to protect them. An anti-steam barrier must Sliding Door
be provided in the warm side of the isolating
material and must be covered for protection
against damage.
Anti- steam isolating systems are capable of
withstanding expansion and contraction in
any direction, while increasing temperature,
air or steam leakage. There must be a per-
meance of more than 0.1 Perm, whereas the
expected lifecycle is no less than 25 years.
It is particularly important to comply with the Horizontal Surface
cold warehouse designs in wet climates since Overlapping
steam can cause a serious problems. Cables
Anti-steam barriers are inclusive, covering
all walls, the external roof, the internal ceil-
ing and the floors. They are also used in con- Hanging Curtains
structed warehouses that are adjacent to the
building's wall. This is done by adding two
layers at least of an adequate isolating mate-
rial. Figure 51: Internal curtain composed of flexible strips that are used
104
Cold Warehouses
5.1
Conditions for Different Types of Warehouses
105
Cold Warehouses
5.1 Conditions for Different Types of Warehouses
106
Controlled Humidity Warehousing
5.2
Conditions for Different Types of Warehouses
Humidity penetrating warehouse buildings Walls are not isolated, however external ex-
and storage facilities, when adopting a natural posed walls are to be double painted with
ventilation system or in case of presence of small water paint that can be replaced with a 3 mm-
gaps in the building structure, may lead to high- layer spray process of cement.
cost and destroying damages that may impact
stored goods and materials in facilities such as All connections in the previously formed con-
iron, detergents, timber, paper, cardboards, crete building shall be hermetically closed
paper, salt and textiles, and others. External intersections between walls and ceil-
Therefore, theres a type of warehouses ings shall be hermetically closed
designed to be completely isolated to process
Anti-steam barriers shall be provided on ceil-
the steam pressure and treat and control
ings
the humidity causes. Many systems exist to
withdraw humidity and criteria through which The design of fire-resistant doors shall take
the proper system is selected. into consideration full separation between hu-
CO2 rate control mid and dry surfaces
107
Shed Storage Spaces
5.3 Conditions for Different Types of Warehouses
These places consist of roofed/shed storage Service Elements for Shed Storage Areas
decks that have neither sides nor walls
They consist of available amenity services
(canopies), and have full elevation. All kinds
provided so as to be adjacent to the storage area,
of service utilities are provided for this type of
mainly including office and restroom-dedicated
warehouses such as water, power, natural gas
spaces as part of the space determined for the
in addition to workforce requirements and fire
storage area. These elements are distributed as
prevention. This type of warehouses is used to
the following:
store materials requiring maximum ventilation,
or materials not requiring full protection of Supervision Office: the location of which shall
weather conditions. Their location can be be within the covered warehouse where the
determined following the function identified maximum of interaction is provided with the
and the surrounding conditions of the site. shaded area, staff services, operations area,
Shed Storage Location Types car parkings and other services
There are several types of shed storage Staff Services: These services are based on
locations or canopies namely: the required number of employees and work-
ers, and on the interaction with warehouse-
General Purpose Shed: where the minimum
support systems. Among these services:
service utilities such as power plugs to op-
changing rooms and restrooms that vary in
erate power-functioning devices, and basic
terms of area and extent. In addition to these
lighting equipment are provided
services a covered area should be provided
Transitory Shed: temporary deck consisting having a moderate temperature that is in line
of pre-fabricated dismountable structures with the various prevailing weather condi-
that can be recollected to be relocated. This tions, whether hot, humid or cold area.
deck can be placed on a reinforced concrete-
made panel
Additional Services: that should be provided
as needed, such as the inspection, classifica-
Flammable/ Hazardous Materials Shed: this tion and staging room, parking, truck and ve-
is where gas cylinders and hazardous material hicle maintenance areas, in addition to other
barrels are stored. This type of shed is pro- service elements that should be provided in
vided with ceiling-hung fans and upper water covered warehouses.
fire-fighting sprinklers.
108
Shed Storage Spaces
5.3
Conditions for Different Types of Warehouses
1. The canopy form and dimensions are 7. The need for internal and external
determined by the project and site telecommunication system shall be assessed
requirements, where the length to the based on the establishment planning, size
width ratio should not exceed 3:1 in case and site.
of existence of filled gas. The length could
reach 183 m in case storage canopies were
dedicated for vehicle and truck storage.
109
Shed Storage Spaces
5.3 Conditions for Different Types of Warehouses
110
Open Storage Spaces
5.4
Conditions for Different Types of Warehouses
Open Storage Places are a type of warehouses Untreated Areas: These areas were not sub-
used to store goods that do not require ject to any land leveling or water drainage
comprehensive protection. These places are process and are not covered with land solidifi-
either treated, partially treated or semi-treated cation materials, in this case they can be clas-
and do not require the provision of any cover sified as untreated. Ground lines do not allow
to the stored materials. Entrances applicable goods storage with heterogeneous eleva-
for general warehouses are provided as all the
tions. When the ground is not leveled and is
required service facilities should be provided to
not provided with water drainage, some col-
receive and load goods.
lected water areas may emerge which would
Treated Areas: these areas are thought to be weaken the soil, making these areas among
the most flexible areas used to store goods, the unpreferred areas for goods storage, ie.
as the site is surveyed to check for the veg- among open areas for not having intensive
etation and ground gradient, and is provided capacity to store and easily enter storage ar-
with the appropriate wastewater system, eas.
then treated to become a solid surface. This
Surface Levelling Requirements
area allows the storage of a number of ele-
ments that cannot be stored in untreated ar- Paving Type Selection depends on factors
eas due to the increased tolerance capacity that affect open and treated surface paving
and a high control capacity on surface flow. requirements, including: vehicle specifications,
Materials used for land levelling, are the con- traffic volume and traffic flow pattern, material
accessibility, and stored material weight
crete panel and the asphaltic paving among
requirements.
others. Crushed and levelled pebbles are also
used, however it is less adequate for having The types of surfaces used recurrently for
lower capacity to resist loads. treated storage areas are: solid paving and
concrete paving (Roller Compacted Concrete
Partially Treated Areas: These areas are very Pavements RCCP). And selecting a pavement
similar to treated areas in terms of land level- type is closely linked to the use of requirements
ling and water drainage; no solid ground is mentioned above.
available for these areas such as in enhanced
The solid paving can be applied where long-
areas term permanent concrete panels are used, as
they are capable of resisting large loads and
are not affected by the natural fluctuation of
temperature degrees across the year. The type
of pavement does not require high workforce in
terms of production; and this method is often
the mostly used land levelling method.
111
Open Storage Spaces
5.4 Conditions for Different Types of Warehouses
Passage
load that can be unloaded on a specific area.
The pavement type and thickness depends Main Passge Block 2
on the storage requirements, whereby the
temperature in the summer may affect most
flexible pavement surfaces. In addition, a bad
execution of the foundation or part of the Road
foundation may lead to lowering the paved
Passage
112
Open Storage Spaces
5.4
Conditions for Different Types of Warehouses
Slide Inclination
6m
Tolerance 15%
Platform
2m
1.2m
Loading Setting
113
Flammable/ Hazardous Material Warehouses
5.5 Conditions for Different Types of Warehouses
114
Flammable/ Hazardous Material Warehouses
5.5
Conditions for Different Types of Warehouses
Liquids are identified as per NFPA code 30, These materials interact with water and steam or
with water solutions to produce flammable gas,
the same as any other matter with liquidity
toxic gas, explosive gas and heat. Flammable
exceeding 300 degrees to penetrate asphalt, gas-producing materials include calcium, cobalt,
when testing them as per the asphaltic mate- hydrides, lithium, potassium, rubidium and
rial penetration test. sodium bullion. And explosive gas-producing
Flammable liquids having a flash point of less materials include arsenides, borides, nitrides,
than 38 degrees, and a steam pressure that phosphides, carbides, selenides, silicides,
sulfides, and tiliorides. As for heat- producing
does not exceed 275 (kilopascal) in 38C.
materials, they include non-water acids,
Flammable liquids have a flash point of 38 C concentrated acids and concentrated alkalis. It
or above. is necessary not to use water-based firefighting
systems in water-interacting material storage
Acids
areas. In this case carbon dioxide or halon fire
Acids, acidic fog, gas with arsenides, borides, extinguishers would be acceptable.
carbides, cyanides, fluorides, phosphides,
Caustic or Burning Materials
selenides, silicides, sulfides, sulfate, tiliorides
interact to generate poisonous vapors. These Caustic materials or alkalis may liberate
materials liberate hydrogen when in contact hydrogen when contacting aluminum, as
with metals and hydrides. they do not comply with acids and must be
isolated from acids to ensure safe and efficient
Oxides
operations.
Oxidized materials are solvable chemical
Organic Peroxides
materials under specific conditions to produce
oxygen. These materials may generate fire Organic peroxides should be stored in
when in contact with flammable materials and separated warehouses, totally isolated from
highly interact with water when in a fire. Typical other materials.
oxides include the following organic and non- Separation Requirements
organic peroxides, permanganates, chlorate,
perchlorate, sulphates, organic and non-organic The following separation requirements shall be
nitrate, bromates and ultrabromate, chromate provided in hazardous material warehouses:
and bichromate. a. Acids must be isolated from other materials,
Toxins including chemical materials inside erosion-
causing material area
Toxins are materials causing poisoning- caused
death through the respiratory system. In b. Isolate flammable liquids from acids and
unfavorable conditions such as spill, leakage, fire oxides
or mis-ventilation, some materials or common c. Isolate organic acids from oxides
chemical compounds such as ammoniac are
considered toxic. d. Isolate oxides from all flammable and
combustible liquids
115
Flammable/ Hazardous Material Warehouses
5.5 Conditions for Different Types of Warehouses
116
Flammable/ Hazardous Material Warehouses
5.5
Conditions for Different Types of Warehouses
Shared Warehouses (shed storage spaces and Floor: a non-absorbable, non-slippery acid-
hazardous/ flammable materials warehouses) and-erosion resistant wrapping layer is to be
used for all storage area floors and flammable
When hazardous/ flammable material ware-
material warehouses
houses are combined with shed storage spac-
es, a 4 hour-lasting fire-resistant wall should Washrooms and eyes washing stations:
be provided to separate between both stor- emergency restrooms and eye washing sta-
age areas. The warehouse and shaded area tions are provided within 30.5 m of the areas
ground level is to be the same, while provid- exposed to potential leakage within the facili-
ing drainage channels to contain accidental ties
leakage. Accessing the roof should be from Ventilation: for each storage area found in
the warehouse basin rather than the storage each of the hazardous material categories in-
area dicated in table 11, theres a related separat-
Construction: ceiling materials should be in- ed ventilation system. Controlled ventilation
dicated as being thermal-expansion and tor- systems should be continuously provided,
sion resistant to avoid the ceiling destruction while preventing accumulation of exploding
in case of fire (table 11) steam. The ventilation ratio should be as the
following: the actual release hole to the floor
Structural elements: structural elements shall
distance should be at least 1:30, using roof-
not be combustible
ventilation holes or other appropriate ways.
Fire- resistant walls: providing 4-hour-lasting Provide the mechanical air movement with
fire-resistant walls to separate non-compliant the minimum of 6 air hourly replacements
storage areas from other uses and contain fire for each indoor warehouse. The ventilation
areas. Outer walls may be classified as 2-hour- system should be linked to the room light-
lasting walls. ing key, air provision and steam extraction
Doors: fire resistant doors, either rolling or system from the floor and the ceiling. Air
sliding, should be made of steel. Whenever streams, fans and other parts of the system
possible, it would be better to avoid having used to release erosion-causing materials
doors on fire-resistant walls, metallic doors from the erosion-resistant building.
are to be provided for staff
Explosion release: in storage areas classi-
fied as separated rooms or annexed build- Permanent
Louvered Electrical
ings, and where class 1-A (NFPA-30) liquids Openings
Special
Lights
warehouse
117
Flammable/ Hazardous Material Warehouses
5.5 Conditions for Different Types of Warehouses
Table 11:
General Requirement of Hazardous Material Storage Facilities
Site Requirement Electric Requirement Construction Material Fire Protection
Ventilation Explosion Erosion Type as Fire Non Erosion Drainage Sprinkler Explosion
Resistant Resistant per NEMA resistance absorbable Resistant channels density release
Gallon per
minute per
square feet
(L/s/m2)
Offices Positive pressure No No 1 Yes No No N/A 0.16 No
(0.10)
Restrooms Positive pressure No No 4 Yes No No Wastewater 0.16 No
sewers (0.10)
Machine room Positive pressure No No 1 Yes No No Wastewater 0.16 No
sewers (0.10)
Acidic material Negative pressure No Yes 7 Yes Yes Yes Yes 0.35 No
(0.23)
Caustic materials Negative pressure No Yes 7 Yes Yes Yes Yes 0 . 3 5 No
(0.23)
Interacting materials Negative pressure Yes Yes 7 Yes Yes Yes Yes Dry Yes
Oxidized materials Negative pressure Yes Yes 7 Yes Yes Yes Yes 0.35 No
(0.23)
Flammable materials Negative pressure Yes Yes 7 Yes Yes Yes Yes 0.35 Yes
(0.23)
Other controlled materials Negative pressure No No 4 Yes Yes Yes Yes 0.35 No
(0.23)
Protection from lightning strikes: protecting And as per NFPA 30 standards, the basin
structures from lightning strikes as per NFPA should at least have the size of the largest
78 quantity of liquids that could be released of
the largest storage container within the area
Alarm devices: provide hazardous chemical
surrounding the pond.
material storage areas with alarm devices
indicating leakage or spill of stored chemical Ground trenches and containment systems:
materials a ground trench with a grid barrier is to be
used at each entrance to contain and control
Contain and control spills: ways should be
hazardous chemical spills. All spill-contain-
provided to contain and eliminate spill, when
ment systems ensure containment through
relevant
fixing channels supporting the grid frame on
Basins: basins are used to contain spills of stored a concrete floor.
goods or those handled outside the buildings.
118
Flammable/ Hazardous Material Warehouses
5.5
Conditions for Different Types of Warehouses
The grid design provide the capacity to lock Electronic-guiding cabling: when an un-
liftable interlinked sections in aisles and ship- derground electronic-guiding cable is used
ping doors to ensure that grids remain in to guide materials transportation vehicles
place when moving material transportation through trench grids passing through aisles
equipment above them. The cross-section of or shipping doors, non-magnetic bar sections
the parts forming the grid frame should take are used extending for at least 6 inches (150
a Z letter form rather than L, and placed in m) at each side of the cable path, in a way
a way that both the letter Z legs form the that does not harm the magnetic field of the
grid pocket and the third leg remain horizon- guiding cable by inserting cables through
tally at the floor level, as shown in figure 35. iron or magnetic bars. Or otherwise, open
This aims at protecting the cement borders drainage channels are used and the guiding
around the grid frames from the damage that cable is used below them, covering the guid-
may occur from material transportation ve- ing cables through iron or magnetic bars or
hicle wheels. drainage channels.
Staff exits: staff exit door should be lifted 6
Iron Frame
inches (150 mm) above the floor to avoid the
leakage of spilled liquids. Where the trench
passes next to staff exit door, steel panels are
Hole
Excess of
The Hole Section A-A Cement Dock to be used instead of the grid to avoid any
fire in the trench leading to the blocking of
Drainage Channel,
Contingent Hole
Section B-B Drainage Channel
Hole
the exit door.
B AB
A
Floor setbacks: when needed, and for specif-
ic design purposes, or for containment pur-
poses, internal storage floor surface setbacks
Containment Area Containment Area
Boundaries Storage Carriers Boundaries
119
Flammable/ Hazardous Material Warehouses
5.5 Conditions for Different Types of Warehouses
3.00
system to block the entry of spilled or leaked
materials to the stormwater drainage system,
stream or any other water body. Figure 61: Cross section of
Figure 58: Sprinkler
typicalsystem in anbuilding
acid storage acidic material storage
Drainage: establish platform shelves (pal- warehouse
ette goods) and the related mechanic vehicle
guiding systems to ensure smooth flow of
leaked liquids to collection trenches. Pre- Environmental Conditions
serve floor surfacing requirements. Floor In addition to the conditions mentioned in
gutters should not be established in storage chapter one, the following conditions apply on
areas in flammable/ hazardous warehouses flammable/ hazardous material storehouses
Immediate firefighting systems: provide all Flammable Material Storage Conditions:
areas with immediate firefighting systems
The storehouse should be equipped with fire-
Design requirements: the system design
should meet the low-expansion foam system fighting devices and equipment that are ad-
and compound mediums criteria require- equate to the allocated space and the nature
ments, namely: NFPA 11, NFPA 12, NFPA 13, of stored materials. Chemical material store-
NFPA 30, NFPA 231, NFPA 231 C, CFR 29 houses are to be equipped with an immedi-
and section 1910. ate firefighting system given the high risk.
The demand on sprinkler water is based on Doors and holes available at joints should be
a hydraulic system design. Sprinkler nozzles fire-resistant and should permanently remain
must be appropriately chosen to be placed in locked, or to be of the automatically-closing
erosion-causing environment. Water -interact- type when a fire occurs not to be a way for the
ing material storage areas are protected by
fire to spread.
providing them with a 1310 Bromotrifluoro-
methane or carbon dioxide-based firefighting A periodic inspection should be conducted
system (halon). When using dry system (with- on electric structures and equipment to en-
out using water),loud alarm devices must be sure safety and prevent the occurrence of any
provided operating 30 seconds before activat- electric damage as a result of the warehouse
ing the system. The automatic alert of the local extended electrical structure malfunction
firefighting management should be provided
when activating the system. A periodic maintenance for devices and fire-
Sprinkler control: control to indicate sprin- fighting equipment available in the ware-
kler sites through the use of the striated me- house should be conducted. These should be
chanic pipes rather than the geared pipeline hanging in an accessible place.
accessories as shown in figure 21. Please call
the maritime project NAVSUP to use the ware-
houses for guidance on specific applications.
120
Flammable/ Hazardous Material Warehouses
5.5
Conditions for Different Types of Warehouses
The size of the container and charge should Solvents and Toxic Material Storage Conditions
not exceed the acceptable limit, which in-
Solvents and toxic materials should be stored
dicates the capacity and chemical material
in special containers marked in writing to in-
flammability.
dicate the name of the material and the de-
Flammable liquids such as gasoline, fuel oil, gree of toxicity or hazardousness, in addition
dyes and others, should be stored in special to the precautions to be taken while using
containers and marked in writing to indicate or handling them or even opening these con-
the content and the flammability. These con- tainers
tainers should be stored in areas specially de-
Store toxic materials in a way that prevents its
signed and allocated for this purpose.
spread in case of spilling or leakage, in safe
Appropriate chillers should be used to store areas where no one is allowed access under
volatile material no circumstance
The need to provide and use safe lighting Chemical materials should not be exposed to
for electric devices and pipelines to be fire- direct sunlight or local heat
resistant and avoid the occurrence of electric
Storehouses should be provided with respi-
spark that could lead to a fire within stored
ratory system protection devices, protection
materials
gloves and safety eyeglasses
Containers should be provided in large Workers in these storehouses should get
charge storage areas, with not less than 15
acknowledged with how to use these equip-
cm high to contain liquids in case of spill-
ment and how to protect themselves from
ing, taking into consideration not to fully fill
potential risks
charges.
All information and instruction indicated on
Guidelines should be indicated on how to use container must be carefully read, while ensur-
firefighting equipment and how to behave
ing that all the written necessary precautions
in case of fire, what path to take and how to
have been taken before moving the container
evacuate in case of emergency. These guide-
from one place to another or before being
lines should be placed in an apparent place
handled.
until easily recognized and memorized.
Emergency shower and eyewash-equipped
Safety data are preferably to be provided places should be provided in warehouses to
(MSDS10) for each product available in the
be used in the event of a worker using a toxic
warehouse
material during working hours.
121
Flammable/ Hazardous Material Warehouses
5.5 Conditions for Different Types of Warehouses
122
6
Sustainability in Warehouses
124
Chapter 6: Sustainability in Warehouses
6.1 Introduction...............................................................................................................................127
126
Introduction
6.1
Sustainability in Warehouses
6.1 Introduction
Sustainability and resource conservation are MODON encourages owners and investors to
currently considered the topics of the hour and take sustainability seriously though incorporating
their inclusion in facilities development, design, sustainability principles in design and development
and management leads to savings in energy of industrial facilities, and respecting recommended
consumption and conservation of natural standards and requirements.
resources, in addition to creating a better work
and life environment.
A sustainable warehouse design has the below
benefits:
Achieving efficiency in facilities and buildings
design and reducing energy consumption;
Rationalizing potable water consumption,
thus contributing in reducing sewage water
production and its treatment and transport
cost;
Improving buildings internal environment,
through a series of important benefits such as
better air quality, adequate internal tempera-
ture, management of sun glare and daylight,
etc.;
Reducing negative impact on external envi-
ronment, including less harmful gas emissions
and water and air pollution, and water con-
sumption;
Achieving higher revenue on the medium
and long term by reducing costs of energy
and other resources and of buildings main-
tenance and operation, while also providing
better production environment in warehous-
es thanks to a better internal environment for
workers.
127
Material Resources Efficiency
6.2 Sustainability in Warehouses
Reduce waste in design stage Reduce waste when building Reduce waste when
through: warehouses and subsidiary operating warehouses and
Off-site manufacturing facilities through: subsidiary facilities through:
Standard components Waste management plan Waste collection and sort-
Provision of spaces for recy- Waste production reduction ing
clable materials Waste sorting Recycling
Recycling
128
Material Resources Efficiency
6.2
Sustainability in Warehouses
129
Building envelope
6.3 Sustainability in Warehouses
Walls Rooftops
All external walls must include thermal All rooftops must include heat insulators to
insulation material which helps reducing heat reduce heat gain, particularly in summer.
gain, especially in summer. Insulator type and Insulator type and thickness is determined by
thickness is determined by engineers to Heat engineers to achieve a Heat Transfer Index
Transfer Index (U-value) equivalent to 0.2W/ (U-value) equivalent to 0.1 W/m2K at most.
m2K at most for the wall. Extruded polystyrene is considered the best
Effective insulators include extruded insulating material for concrete rooftops, with
polystyrene, mineral wool, rock wool, and insulated panels being the best system for steel
glass wool. Project engineers are encouraged buildings, especially factories and warehouses
to explore materials with high heat insulation as they are constituted of extruded polystyrene
properties in order to enhance their overall insulator covered from both sides by hot-dip
performance and reduce heat gain. zinc or thin aluminized steel.
Insulated panels are among the most used Polycarbonate slots are recommended for
insulators in warehouses and administrative warehouse rooftops as they are light-weight,
buildings. They are constituted of extruded easy to install, less expensive (than glass) and
polystyrene covered from both sides by hot-dip have a good thermal performance. This system
zinc or thin aluminized steel. is constituted of multi-cell polycarbonate sheets
with rough external feel (hammered glass).
These panels can be flat or undulated and can
(These systems are known in KSA as Lexan, their
also be assembled as external walls for concrete
main component, produced by SABIC).
or steel buildings.
It is recommended to have a thickness of 38 mm
or more and a light transmission index of 55% at
least for white or translucent colors with a solar
Building shell heat gain coefficient of 0.55 at most.
130
Building envelope
6.3
Sustainability in Warehouses
131
Building envelope
6.3 Sustainability in Warehouses
Envelope Openings
Openings in external building envelopes are
allowed up to a certain size to avoid high heat
gain and excessive heat inside the building,
especially in summer. Following guidance shall
be respected:
Openings in warehouse faade shall rep-
resent 25% at most of the overall area of
external walls;
Openings in administrative building fa-
cades shall represent 40% at most of
overall external wall surface;
Openings in warehouse rooftop shall
represent 15% at most of overall rooftop
area.
Ceiling
Factories Facade
Office Facade
Administration
Facade
132
Potable Water
6.4
Sustainability in Warehouses
133
Optional Requirements
6.5 Sustainability in Warehouses
MODON seeks to support sustainable approaches Should the developer choose to have a green
in facilities development and management, building certificate, MODON must be notified
especially when such measures have many and receive a copy of the certificate once the
benefits for developers on both short and long project is completed.
term.
Low-Carbon Renewable Energy Production
In addition to this, MODON seeks to enhance
MODON recommends the study of solutions
performance of buildings and sustainable site
and techniques related to production of low-
elements which have been recommended in this
carbon renewable energy within the boundaries
guideline and encourages developers to follow
of the site, which helps reduce energy
essential procedures to achieve a sustainable
consumption and carbon emissions as well as
development:
use of fossil fuel rather than traditional fuel.
Green building certification MODON also recommends studying the
Production of renewable and low carbon en- possibility of applying the below techniques,
ergy. developing possible solutions, and applying
them on-site:
Green Buildings Certificates
Thermal solar energy (for water heating);
Having green building certificates from local and
international rating systems adds in credibility Photo-voltaic cells;
and reflects a commitment to minimum green
Geothermal heat pump;
buildings elements. International ratings
systems such as LEED and BREEAM award Wind turbines;
certificates to projects after a full examination of
Bio-fuel;
facilities designs against a list of green building
standards for several elements such as location, Mixed thermal energy.
energy, water, construction materials, external Selected solutions must be presented to
environment, etc. MODON within a study containing the below
Following MODONs guidance will help data at the least:
investors and developers in securing green
Volume of generated energy using the sug-
building certification; they will also need to
gested system (percentage of annual con-
implement a number of requirements related to
targets and standards that need to be respected sumption);
and documented through calculations, Financial recoupment and impact on life-
drawings, and reports to be prepared at various cycle;
stages of design and construction.
Impact on land use;
In general, MODON recommends LEED
system as it is one of the oldest and most Impact on surrounding environment;
used and known systems among engineers, Maintenance.
consultants, and contracts (noting that MODON
also accepts other systems such as BREEAM).
134
7
137
Chapter 7: Design Phases of the Warehouse
and the Related Utility Buildings
7.1 First Stage: Soil Studies for the General Location and Adjustments.........................................139
138
First Stage: Soil Studies for the General Location and Adjustments
7.1
Design Phases of the Warehouse and the Related Utility Buildings
7.1 First Stage: Soil Studies for the General Location and Adjustments
139
Second Stage: Preliminary Building Design
7.2 Design Phases of the Warehouse and the Related Utility Buildings
140
Third Stage: Final Design Stage
7.3
Design Phases of the Warehouse and the Related Utility Buildings
Architectural Works Plans Plan for the electricity and guards rooms at a
scale of 1:50 showing horizontal projections,
The general locations plan showing the
sectors, and facades with all sizes, levels, and
buildings location including storage areas,
finishing with a plan showing the external
preparation, loading and unloading spaces,
form of the fence and gates with all details at
shipping and receiving offices, workers and
a scale of 1:50 at least; noting that reticulated
employees offices, needed services, in addi-
fences may not be used and that the fence
tion to loading and unloading bays, marshal-
should be in accordance with the model used
ing areas, truck parking spaces, internal roads
and adopted by the MODON.
and car parks, entry and exit roads for cars,
workers, and truck showing all dimensions Construction Works Plans
and sizes knowing that the scale of the draw- Construction works requirements include
ing shall be of 1:500 at least according to the maps showing all construction elements
warehouse surface in addition to the relation (both concrete and mineral) using the below
of the warehouse to surrounding roads and specification:
uses; 1. The design shall be in accordance with Saudi
Plan of the horizontal projection of the ware- codes and standards;
houses main building showing all dimensions 2. The file shall include all catalogues and
and sizes as well as levels of all the different detailed drawings for metallic structures and
sections from the source in addition to col- pre-cast slab and other elements necessary
umns and other load-bearing pillars at a scale to clarify the warehouse from a construction
of 1:50 or 1:100; point of view.
Plan of horizontal projections for all floors of The following plans are presented:
administrative buildings and workers servic- 1. Horizontal projection of foundations for all
es and prayer room or any other building at the projects building showing axes (same
a scale of 1:100 showing all dimensions and as in general location) as well as symbols
sizes; of bases and columns and full-dimensional
Detailed tables for openings doors and win- details, reinforcing iron, concrete stress,
dows with a complete description of the type of cement used in foundations and
quality of these openings; construction levels for all parts as well
as insulation methods for foundations, in
Finishing of floors, walls, internal ceilings, addition to soil stress taken into account
and external facades with sectors plan for during design of foundations and all loads
administrative buildings, workers servic- taken into account in the design.
es, prayer room or any other building at a
2. Plans of above-ground level facilities showing
scale of 1:100 showing levels, heights, exter-
structures, ceilings, and main beams (metal
nal finishing for facades, heat insulation, and
or reinforced concrete facilities. These plans
rain protection;
141
Third Stage: Final Design Stage
7.3 Design Phases of the Warehouse and the Related Utility Buildings
shall include reinforcing, explanatory sectors, Temperature degrees on which the facility
and construction separators, etc. was designed;
3. Plan showing distribution of arming iron for Wind speed and method of calculating re-
vertical projections and sectors of beams and sulting pressure that the facility can bear;
columns for main sections at an adequate
scale while also showing distances among
Earthquake magnitude that can be handled;
stirrups. The difference of maximum landing below
bases.
4. Construction plans for ground and upper
water tanks showing reinforcing iron, Plumbing Works Plans for the Location
dimensions, and levels. The following plans must be submitted:
5. Construction plans for analysis tanks, 1. A topographic plan showing earth level
inspection rooms, and septic tanks showing and the levels of surrounding streets with a
all details after taking into account soil stress contouring plan when the land is un-leveled;
in various industrial areas.
2. Plan showing the location of existing services
6. Construction works for fences, the guards on the surrounding streets such as water
room, and the electricity room. and sewage networks as well as inspection
7. Plans showing dimensions and sectors of rooms, and defining the internal level
the metallic structure of main and secondary and stormwater network, noting that its
beams as well as it fixture method and preferable to compare current levels with the
turnbuckles. closest benchmark;
8. In addition to the above, construction plans 3. Plans showing the final floor slab surface at
must bear all important remarks by the 30 cm above the final surface of the sidewalk,
designing architect such as: keeping in mind that the difference in levels
between floors surface at the gates and the
Maximum stress allowed for concrete; facing street surface shall not be below 15
Maximum stress allowed for reinforcing iron; cm;
Specifications of iron used in metallic struc- 4. Plans containing the below:
tures;
Horizontals sectors of roads showing lo-
Specifications of welding used in metallic cations of services installations with floor
structures; standard details;
Specifications of bolts used in metallic struc- Standard details for slopes (if available);
tures;
Inspection rooms with clarification of their
Necessary specifications and precautions to dimensions, internal bottom level and
cast the concrete in a good way for it to be gradient, and distances between rooms;
of the required quality;
Specifications of inspection rooms cover
Necessary and sufficient time for keeping with its base and resistance of loads, clar-
turnbuckles before removing them; ifying the size of the opening internally,
Practical ways of installing metallic struc- noting that it should be 60 x 60 cm.
tures; Water Tank Plans
Necessary requirements for general safety Water tank plans must include the below:
during execution;
142
Third Stage: Final Design Stage
7.3
Design Phases of the Warehouse and the Related Utility Buildings
Internal and external capacity of the tank ac- Providing necessary extensions with the
cording to warehouse needs; pump clarifying this with an illustration.
Clarification of the grounds level on nature Sewage Tank Plans
and the final level of the tanks bottom; Sewage tank plans must include the below:
The space between the ceiling of the tank Internal and external dimensions of the tank
and the highest water level in it shall not ex- according to the required capacity;
ceed 50 cm;
Clarification of the grounds level on nature
The tank must have an opening with a cover and the final level of the tanks bottom;
and a base as well as the covers resistance to
weights clarifying the size of the opening in- The space between the ceiling of the tank
ternally knowing that it should be a minimum and the highest water level in it shall not ex-
of 60x60cm; ceed 50 cm;
The tank must have a ladder made from an- The tank must have an opening with a cover
ti-rust material such as aluminum, stainless and a base as well as the covers resistance to
steel, and galvanized iron; weights clarifying the size of the opening in-
ternally knowing that it should be a minimum
A pipe to aerate the tank with a net to protect of 60x60cm;
it from insects;
The tank shall have a ladder made from mate-
Achieve total insulation of the walls, ceiling, rial resistant to rush sewage water;
and floor of the tank to avoid water leakages
into the tank and out of it. A pipe to aerate the tank with a net to protect
it from insects;
Potable/Utility Water Plans
A separation wall above water level so that
Plan clarifying potable water installations system
the length of the entering sewage water
for the project at a scale of 1:500 including the
room is equivalent to two thirds of the total
below:
length of the sewage tank.
Location, diameter, and path of pipes;
Sewage Plan
Water tanks sufficient to meet the needs of The plan must be at a scale of 1:500 and include
the warehouse and it is recommended that locations and diameters of pipes and inspection
the reserve should last for 3 days with a mini- rooms as well as the tank.
mum of 1 day;
Stormwater Drainage Plan
Pumps room;
The plan must be at a scale of 1:500 including
Capacity and strength of pumps with provi- the below:
sion of a spare pump;
Levels;
The pump should include a water pressure
tank;
Drainage pipe diameters;
Provision of valves on sections exits;
Inspection room with clarification of its
dimensions, internal bottom level and
Casting concrete blocks to prevent pipes from gradient, and distances between rooms;
moving on bends and branching spot rod;
A sketch of plumbing works networks includ-
ing rising pipes;
143
Third Stage: Final Design Stage
7.3 Design Phases of the Warehouse and the Related Utility Buildings
Plumbing works unit data matrixes; powers, sockets, and circuits for building
units at a scale of 1:100;
Various needed details for plumbing works;
Specifications of plumbing works and quanti- Plans for building units showing supply to
conditioning and aeration units and pumps as
ties table on all calculations, documents, and
well as electricity sockets showing the supply
plans prepared in accordance with require-
of these units, sockets, control centers, distri-
ments of civil defense, Saudi codes, or ac-
bution boards and supply lines paths as well
credited international standards such as the
as these units load tables at a scale of 1:100;
International Plumbing Code IPC.
Plans of electrical works Plans showing the sites electrical supply
showing main and subsidiary distribution
Master plans boards as well as cable paths between the
Various details needed for electrical works; main board and those in external equipment
locations such as the fire pump, potable wa-
Diagram for projections of all floors for elec-
ter pump, etc and their electrical supply, and
tricity supply works;
showing the location of the subsidiary auxil-
Diagram for projections of all floors for fire iary energy source at a scale of 1:200;
detection system works;
Plans for grounding system at a scale of
Diagram for projections of all floors for satel- 1:100;
lite television works;
Plans for lightening-protection system at a
Diagram for projections of all floors for con- scale of 1:100.
trol camera system works;
Plans for low-tension current
Diagram for electricity installations clarifying
Plans for building units showing distribution
all distribution boards, whether main or sub-
of fire detection system at a scale of 1:100;
sidiary, with details, emergency loads and all
main cables for the building mentioning their Plans for building units showing distribution
sizes and linkage to electricity source; of satellite television system at a scale of
1:100;
Lighting units specifications table;
Plans for building units showing distribution
Tables for electricity supply units;
of control cameras system at a scale of 1:100;
Specifications of electrical works and related
Plans showing distribution of low-tension cur-
units.
rent works on-site at a scale of 200:1.
Lighting plans
General Remarks for Electrical Works Plans
Plans showing lighting of building units in- Ground floor plans must include all links with
cluding lighting of emergency exits and evac- the network supplying electrical energy to the
uation paths at a scale of 1:100; site up to 2 meters away from the building, and
Plans showing external lighting and lighting define size of links.
of the main site as well as external fences at a
scale of 1:200.
Electrical power plans
Plans for building units showing electrical
144
8
Annexes
147
Chapter 8: Annexes
8.1 Annex I: Tables to be filled in the plan matrix to be submitted to MODON................................. 149
8.2 Annex II: Commitment of the Company Toward Plans and Designs For Warehouses in Industrial Cities....... 150
148
Annex I: Tables to be filled in the plan matrix to be submitted to MODON
8.1
Annexes
Table 1:
General information on the warehouse
Warehouse name: Industrial City:.
Description of stored items Storage capacity Operation Number of workers Stored merchandise
Table 2:
Warehouse electrical supply needs
Electrical load
Description and
SQ Quantity KW/unit Volt/phase/ Productivity Kg/
model
cycle hour or m3/hour
1
2
Total
Table 3:
Warehouse water needs
Type Average Expected need
Workers needs 30 L/person/day
Irrigation water 10 L/day/m2
Total need Total need
Table 4:
Quantity of sewage water produced by warehouse
Description Average Expected need
Sewage 80% of total water consumption
Total need
149
Annex II: Commitment of the Company Toward Plans and Designs For Warehouses in Industrial Cities
8.2 Annexes
8.2 Annex II: Commitment of the Company Toward Plans and Designs For Warehouses
in Industrial Cities
Date: H equivalent to .AD
We, the company, with permit number.
Tasked by the warehouse owner to prepare engineering designs and plans for residential building for the warehouse
of . on land plot number .., phase
., city., with an area of.., licensed by virtue of license
decision number.. dated with land leased by MODON by virtue of
agreement number dated
Commit and pledge that the warehouse designs are in accordance with all conditions and requirements as follows:
Submitted design works are in accordance with Saudi specifications and generally accepted technical standards;
Designs of the warehouse are in accordance with conditions and requirements of warehouses in industrial cities for
all submitted designs (architectural, construction, plumbing works, electrical, industrial safety, and mechanical works)
and for all preliminary and final plans for the warehouse, and with the requirements and conditions of civil defense
for industrial safety designs, and the list of environment requirements issued by the Presidency of Meteorology and
Environment;
In case of any difference between submitted designs and requirements and conditions of warehouses in industrial cit-
ies, MODONs written approval shall be sought.
The consultant bears responsibility for any damages due to any errors in the designs of submitted plans and technical
requirements, and MODONs approval of these designs doesnt not exempt the consultant from full responsibility for
design validity and guarantee for 10 years starting from the date of execution completion on site.
Upon submission of final plans for factories residential buildings, the below phrase must be written on plans: Plans submitted
for the residential building are under the full responsibility of the design company without any liability whatsoever on MODON
signed and sealed by the company.
God bless,,,,,,,
License number:..
150
Annex III: Initial warehouse introduction form
8.3
Annexes
1. General data
Storage type.
Storage methods.
Means of transport of produced materials and means of circulation within the warehoue.
Packaging method.
Container size..
Storage methods
3. Expected electrical load:
4. Average daily water consumption: m3
5. Expected daily sewage volume: m3
In the case of warehouses of dangerous flammable material, sewage system must include a system for spill containment to avoid
leakage of dangerous material to stormwater and sewage network.
6. Expected workforce:..
151
Annex IV: Construction permit form
8.4 Annexes
Name of facility/warehouse
Permit number Date Civil record number
Commercial record number Date Source
P.O Box Phone number Fax number
Mobile number Email Signature date
Land plot number Land size
Phone: Fax:
Mobile: ..
Mailing address:..
E-mail:..
Manager in charge:.
The license is valid for 6 months from its issuance date and MODON
152
Annex IV: Construction permit form
8.4
Annexes
Boundaries
Direction Boundaries Length Setback
North
East
South
Permit issuer Seal Industrial City West
Director
153
Annex IV: Construction permit form
8.4 Annexes
Name of facility/warehouse
Permit number Date Civil record number
Commercial record number Date Source
P.O Box Phone number Fax number
Mobile number Email Signature date
Land plot number Land size
Phone: Fax:
Mobile: ..
Mailing address:..
E-mail:..
Manager in charge:.
The license is valid for 6 months from its issuance date and MODON
154
Annex IV: Construction permit form
8.4
Annexes
Boundaries
Direction Boundaries Length Setback
North
East
South
Permit issuer Seal Industrial City West
Director
155
9
Information Tables
157
Chapter 9: Information Tables
158
List of Information for Forklifts
9.1
Information Tables
159
List of Information of Trucks and Trailers
9.2
Information Tables
161
List of Information of Area Requirements for Support Services
9.3
Information Tables
163
As part of Modon ongoing commitment to
environmental stewardship, this page has been
left blank to accommodate two-sided printing
164
References
References
Mulcahy E.D., (1994). Warehouse Distribution & Operation Handbook. McGraw-Hill, Inc.
Baker, P. (2010). The Principles of Warehouse Design. Third Edition Published by the Chartered Institute of Logistics
Drury, J. and Falconer, P. (2003). Building for Industrial Storage and Distribution. Second Edition
Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Chapter 7 Cold Stores. FAO Corporate Document Repository
Hiregoudar C. and Raghavendra, R. (2007) Facility Planning And Layout Design, Technical Publican Pune
Tompkins, J., White, A. J., Bozer, Y., AND Tanchoco J.M.A.(2010) Facilities Planning, Fourth edition, Wiley
Tompkins, A.J. and Smith D.J, (1998). The Warehouse Management Handbook,Tompkins Press
Department of Defence (USA),2009.Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC),Design:Fire Protection Engineering For Facilities
Department of Defence (USA),2004.Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC),Design:Referigeration System For Cold Storage
. .
165