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Recitation 2 1490184444 PDF
Recitation 2 1490184444 PDF
2m 2m
2m
B
2m
2m
a b
c d 4m
1
g f e
z = q.Ir
1
For area 1 : A(abcfg)
z=4m mz = 4 m = 4/4 = 1 Ir = 0.12
nz = 2 n = 2/4 = 0.5
b) Point B;
2m
1 B 2m
2 3
z = 300 (3 x 0.085)
= 76.5 kPa
the additional stress at 4 m depth under point B due to 300 kPa uniform
pressure
2
P. 2) LOAD UNDER A RECTANGULAR AREA (2)
Question:
A rectangular footing as shown in figure below exerts a uniform pressure of 420 kN/m2.
Determine the vertical stress due to uniform pressure at point A for a depth of 3 m.
6m
A uniform pressure of
420 kN/m2
2m
Composite footing
m
5m 2
A
Plan View
Solution:
2m 2m 2m
b
a c
1.5 m
i j
2m
h d
m k
m
1.5
g e
f
3
For area (fghk) :
mz = 4 m = 4 / 3 = 1.33 Ir = 0.133
nz = 1.5 n = 1.5 / 3 = 0.5
mz = nz = 2 m = n = 2 / 3 = 0.67 Ir = 0.117
z = I r
= 420 [ Ir 1 + Ir 2 + Ir 3 + Ir 4 - Ir 5 ]
z = 196.14 kPa
4
P. 3) IMMEDIATE SETTLEMENT
Question:
m
A foundation 4 2 m, carrying a net uniform pressure of 200 kN/m2, is located at a
depth of 1.5 m in a layer of clay 5 m thick for which the value of Eu is 45 MN/m2. The
layer is underlain by a second layer, 10 m thick, for which the value of Eu is 80 MN/m2.
A hard stratum lies below the second layer. Ground water table is at the depth of
foundation. Determine the average immediate settlement under the foundation.
Hint: Since soil is SATURATED CLAY, =0.5. So the following equation can be used:
qB
S i 0 1
Eu
Solution:
q = 200 kN/m2
1.5 m
2m
3.5 m
Eu = 45 MN/m2
Eu = 80 MN/m2
10 m
Hard stratum
qB
S i 0 1
Eu
5
q
Hard stratum
6
Using the principle of superposition, the settlement of the foundation is given by;
Si = Si 1 + Si 2 - Si 3
Si = 6.69 mm
P. 4) SCHMERTMAN
Question:
A soil profile consists of deep, loose to medium dense sand (dry = 16 kN/m3 , sat = 18
kN/m3). The ground water level is at 4 m depth. A 3.5 m x 3.5 m square footing rests at 3
m depth. The total (gross) load acting at the foundation level (footing weight + column
load + weight of soil or footing) is 2000 kN. Estimate the elastic settlement of the footing
6 years after the construction using influence factor method (Schmertman, 1978).
End resistance values obtained from static cone penetration tests are;
Depth (m) qc (kN/m2)
0.00 2.00 8000
2.00 - 4.75 10000
4.75 - 6.50 8000
6.50 12.00 12000
12.00 15.00 10000
Note that;
for square footing; z (depth)(from foundation level) Iz (strain factors)
0 0.1
B/2 0.5
2B 0.0
Where; B : width of footing
Es = 2.0 qc
7
Solution:
Iz
Si = C1 C2 qnet z
E
qnet = net foundation pressure
'o
C1 1 0.5 correction factor for footing depth
qnet
t
C 2 1 0.2 log correction factor for creep
0.1
t = time at which the settlement is required (in years)
qgross = 2000 kN
4m 3m dry = 16 kN/m3
2000
q net 3 x16 115.26 kPa
3 .5 x 3 .5
o = 3x16 = 48 kPa
48
C1 1 0.5 0.792
115.26
6
C 2 1 0.2 log 1.356
0.1
8
ground surface qc (kN/m2)
0.0 m
8000
4.75 2
8000 Layer 2 z2
6 3
6.5
Layer 3 z3 4
12000 Layer 4 z4
10 7
2B=2x3.5 = 7m
Width of foundation,
12
B = 3.5 m
10000
14
15
Es = 2.0 qc
Layer No Depth(m) z(m) qc(kPa) Es(kPa) Iz (Iz /Es)z
1 3.00-4.75 1.75 10.000 20.000 0.3 2.65x10-5
2 4.75-6.50 1.75 8.000 16.000 0.416 4.55x10-5
3 6.50-8.25 1.75 12.000 24.000 0.249 1.82x10-5
4 8.25-10.00 1.75 12.000 24.000 0.083 0.605x10-5
x
Si = (0.792) (1.356) (115.26) (9.625x10-5)
= 0.01191 m Si = 11.91 mm
9
P5. CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT
Question:
Ignore the immediate settlement, and calculate total consolidation settlement of soil
profile composed of two different types of clay, i.e. Clay 1 and Clay 2 due to 150 kPa net
foundation loading. Take unit weight of water as 10 kN/m3 and assume that Skempton-
Bjerrum Correction Factor is 0.7 for both clay layers. Note that c (or sometimes
shown as p) is the preconsolidation pressure.
10 m x 10 m
dry = 19 kN/m3
CLAY 1 sat= 20 kN/m3
6m Cr = 0.05; Cc = 0.15
eo = 0.80; c = 80 kPa
sat = 20 kN/m3
Cr = 0.03; Cc = 0.10
CLAY 2 6m eo = 0.60; c = 200 kPa
INCOMPRESSIBLE
Solution:
Settlement will take place due to loading (qnet = 150 kPa) applied at a depth of 2 m. Thus,
all (consolidation) settlement calculations will be performed for clayey soil beneath the
foundation (z > 2 m).
,
, log log
1 , 1
10
Note that, all calculations are done for the mid-depth of the compressible layers under
the loading.
c = 80 kPa log
1 2
Initial effective overburden stress, v,0 = (2*19) + (6*(20-10)) + (3*(20-10)) = 128 kPa
11
Final stress, v,f = 128 + 41.6 = 169.6 kPa
This is an overconsolidated clay (overconsolidation ratio OCR = c / v,o = 200 / 128 >
1.0) ; and the final stress, v,f is less than c ( v,f < c ) therefore we should use only Cr
in consolidation settlement calculation (see figure below).
[Note: If a soil would be a normally consolidated clay (OCR = c / v,o = 1.0), we would
use only Cc in consolidation settlement calculation.]
log
c = 200 kPa
v,0 = 128 kPa v,f = 169.6 kPa
0.03 169.6
, 6 log 0.014 1.4
1 0.60 128
1
Total Consolidation Settlement (1D):
, , 17.3 0.7 .
12