UNIT 4

Matter refers to everything that is a round us and it can be solid, liquid o

gar. Matter can change physically or chemically.

Reflection is produced when rays of light hit the surface of solid or liquid
matter and change direction.

Properties of light

Light is a form of energy that travels in waves.

Matter that is in a gaseous state is usually transparent.

Matter that is liquid usually has a smooth, reflective surface.

Solid matter reflects light, but they dont produce a reflection.

Reflection: when light hits a smooth surface, its reflected regularly.

Difussion: when light hits a rough surface, its reflected irregularly.

Electricity

Electricity is a form of energy that is created when electrons move from the
orbit of one nucleus to that of another.

Whats a mixture?

A mixture is a substance made up of two or more types of matter that arent

chemically combined.

Homogeneous mixtures: a mixture that has consistent colour and texture.

Every part of a homogeneous mixture has the same properties.

Heterogeneous mixtures: a mixture that has a varied colour or texture.

Each substance in the mixture retains its specific properties.

Whats a solution?

A solution is a mixture of one o more liquids with one or more other

substances. The liquid components are called solvents and the other
components are called solutes.

How are mixtures separated?

Filtration: this technique can be used to separate an insoluble solid from a

mixture.

Evaporation: this technique can be used to separate a soluble solid from a

solution.

Distillation: this technique can be used to separate a liquid from a solution

or to separate two liquids.
Dissolution: this technique can be used to separate a soluble solid from an
insoluble one.