1.1.

PRINCIPLES OF PLUMBING

1.1.1. MATERIAL SELECTION FOR PIPES, FITTINGS, PUMPS, LIFTS,

APPURTENANCES AND FIXTURES

A fitting is used in pipe plumbing systems to connect straight pipe or tubing sections, to
adapt to different sizes or shapes, and for other purposes, such as regulating or
measuring fluid flow. The term plumbing is generally used to describe conveyance of water,
gas, or liquid waste in ordinary domestic or commercial environments, whereas piping is
often used to describe high-performance (e.g. high pressure, high flow, high temperature,
hazardous materials) conveyance of fluids in specialized applications. The term tubing is
sometimes used for lighter-weight piping, especially types that are flexible enough to be
supplied in coiled form.

Materials
Materials that are used for manufacturing pipes include:
Carbon Steel (CS)
Impact Tested Carbon Steel (ITCS)
Low Temperature Service Carbon Steel (LTCS)
Stainless Steel (SS)
Malleable iron (malleable iron)
Non-Ferrous Metals (Inconel, Incoloy, Cupro-nickel etc.)
Non-Metallic (ABS, GRE, PVC, HDPE, tempered glass, etc. )
Chrome-molybdenum steel (Alloy steel) Generally used for high temperature service