.

2015-16
.

http://vmarousis.blogspot.gr

2015-16
 ! http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

&
(...)
x = A t
= max t max = A
... a = a maxt max = 2
( )

= 2 x

x = A (t + )

... = max (t + ) max=A

( ) a = amax (t + )
max =2

= x 2

F = Dx
...
( ) D = m 2 x =
F = Fa = F

m D
T = 2 =
... ,
D m
...
1 2
U= Dx
2
1
K = m 2
2
1 1 2
E = DA2 = U max = mmax = Kmax
2 2

2
 ! http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

1
U= DA 2 2t U = E 2t
2
( 0 )
1
K= DA 2 2t K = E 2t
2

1


K = E Dx2
2

1
U = E m 2


2

+ U = E = DA2 =

1 + U1 = K2 +U2 =

= 2 x 2

a = m2 2

dK = dWF = F dx = F
dt dt dt

dU = dK
dt dt

dx = , d = , dp = F


dt dt dt



% = 100%

3
 ! http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

Hook F =k
=
=
U = 1 k 2
2

W U
= U
F


W = U U
W


U = mgh

W U
= U
Fa F

,
W F ,
W = K K
F
(m=0)
.

,
,
, ,
(
) ,
(..
,
).

http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

4
 ! http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

p: 1Pa =1 /m2 dF
p=
dA

p = gh

p = p + gh

F F
1= 2
A A
1 2

: 1 m3/s V
= =
t
m1
1 t
m2
t 2.
m1 = m2

. :

( )
1 2 1
1 +gh1 + P1 = 22 +gh2 + P2
2 2
Bernoulli 1 2
+gh + =
2

Torricelli = 2gh ( )

Ventouri
( )
: 1 s/m2 S.I.
: 1 oise ()=1 dyns/cm2

() F = nA

5
 ! http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

F ' = b

F = ma F + F = ma b Dx = ma

A= A0 e-t
t = nT
:
Ao A1 A2 A A
= = = ....... = n 1 = n = .... = .
A1 A2 A3 An An +1

DA2 = D ( A0 et ) = DA02 ( et ) E = E e2t

1 1 2 1 2
E=
2 2 2 0

A0 t 1 1 t 1 t 1
A = A0 et = A0 e 2 = e 2 e 2 = 2 t 1 = ln 2
2 2 2

t 1 = n 2
2



(). f
fo . f=f

f 0 =f

=
fo f

1 D
: f0 =
2 m

6
 ! http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

: x = x1+x2

... x1 = A1t & x2 = A2 (t + )
, A = A12 + A22 + 2 A1 A2

= A 2
. 1 + 2
: x = A (t+)

x1 = A1t & x2 = A2 t
...
, 1 2 + 2
x = 2A( t)( 1 t)
2 2
1 2 x = A' t
f = f1 f 2

()
1 2 1 + 2 2 f1 + 2 f 2 f1 + f 2
= 2 f = f =
2 2 2
:
1 2
T = T =
f f1 + f 2

7
 ! http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

x
= =
t = f


y = At
(
0)

t x
y = A 2
T

t x
y = A 2 +
T

t x
= 2 -
T
2 2
= - y

= -2 2 -

t x = -2 y
T

t x
= 2 -
T

t x
y = A 2 - +
T
( y = A (t + 0 ) )


t
t
= t = 2
T
x,
t:
x
= 2

x
( t=t1) y= A2 -

y

t1 0 x
x1 = t1
( x1 = 12/4 = 3)

8
 ! http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

: y = y1+y2
r1
0 t < t 1 = y = 0
1 2
r t r
r1 r2 t 1 t < t 2 = 2 y = A2 - 1
T

r -r t r + r2
t t 2 y = 2A2 1 2 2 - 1
2 T 2
.

r1 -r2 t r +r
y = 2A2 2 - 1 2
2 T 2
,


r +r
y = 2 t - 1 2
T 2
... r -r
A' = 2A2 1 2 | A ' |
2
:
t r + r2 .
= 2 - 1
T 2

r1
0 t < t1 = =0 =0

r t r
t1 t < t2 = 2 = 2 - 1

T
t r +r
t t2 = '2 - 1 2
T 2
t r +r
= - 2 y = - 2 ' 2 - 1 2
T 2

r1 r2 = N N = 0,1,2,....

r1 r2 = ( 2 N + 1) N = 0,1,2,....
2

9
 ! http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

-2 -1 0 1 2



1 2
r1 r2


-3 -2 -1 0 1 2
:

, - - - - -

12 ,
.

: y = y1+y2

x t
y = 2 A 2 2
T
2t 2t
= ' = - 2 '
T T
2
A' = 2


x=K
2 = 0,1,2,..

x = ( 2 K + 1) = 0,1,2,..
4


: = 0

: = rad

10
 ! http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

:
ds
1. : : = (1).
dt
2. :
d
: = (2).
dt
3. :
2
: = = 2r (3).
r

:
d
1. : : = (4).
dt
2. :
d
: = (5).
dt

2 d

R
2
1 d
t+dt
t
ds

d
=
dt
ds
=
dt
= ds = d ( R) = R d = R
dt dt dt
d
=
dt
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 ! http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

= 2 + 2
2
= = 2 R
R
d
=
dt
a = d = d ( R) = d R = a R
dt dt dt
= 0 , = , = t

= , = t ,

1
= t a t 2
2
cm = = R , acm = a = a R
= Fl
= Fd

F = 0
x
F = 0 : = 0
F = 0


y
I = m1r12 + m2 r22 + ....
Steiner I p = I cm + Md 2

= Ia

L = pr L = mr

L = I

L = L1 + L2 + L3 + ...

12
 ! http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

dL
=
( ) dt

dL
=
dt
= 0 L =

I11 = I 22
L = L
1
K = I 2
2
1 1
K = Mcm
2
+ I 2
2 2

dW = d

W =
P =
1 2 1 2
.... W = I I
2 2

13
 ! http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

xcm S
dxcm ds d
cm = = =
dt dt dt
dcm d d
acm = a = a =
dt dt dt

cm = 0, cm = , = 0 , = = 0 , =
= 2/r = 2r
x cm = cm t s = t = t

cm = = =
cm = 0 cm t = 0 t = 0 t
xcm = 0t 21 acmt 2 s = 0t 21 a t 2 = 0t 21 a t 2
cm = S = R
cm = = R
cm = = R

F
m
F = 0 = 0 = = 0 = 0 =
()
F = mcm = ( )
P = m L = I
dp dL
= F =
dt dt
F = 0 p = = 0 L =
F = WF = Fx = WF =
dWF dW
= PF = F F = P =
dt dt F

K = 21 mcm
2 K = 21 2
1 m 2 - 1 m2 = W 1 2 1 2
2
2 F 2 - 2 = W

2 + 1 I2 ) - ( 1 m2 + 1 I 2 ) = W + W
( 21 m 2 2 2 F

14
 ! http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

F = 0 dp = 0 p =
dt

(+)
m1 m2 m1 m2

m1 - m2 2m2
'1 = 1 + (1)
m1 + m2 m1 + m2 2

2m1 m -m
'2 = 1 + 2 1 2 (2)
m1 +m2 m1 +m2
m1 = m2 : (1) 1 = 2 (2) 2 = 1
.

2 = 0 m1 - m2
'1 = (3)
m1 + m2 1

2m1
'2 = (4)
m1 +m2 1
m2 >> m1 (3) 1= - 1 (4) 2 = 0

(3) 1 = 1 (4) 2 = 21
m1 >> m2
(1), (2), (3) (4)
( ).

(+)

m1 m2 m1+m2

= Q = () ()

%
%= 100%
()

15
 ! http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

Doppler ( )
1.
, = +
=
+
f A= fS

2.
, = -
=

f A= fS

3.
= - ST

fA= f
S S

4.
= + ST

f A= f
+S S

5.

+
f = f
A S
S
= ( ) = +
,
,
=
f

16
 ! http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

6.

f = f
A + S
S
= =
,
,
=
f
7.

O
+
f = f
A + S
S
= ( ) = +
,
,
=
f
8.

f = f
A S
S
= =
,
,
=
f

+ A
A f = f
S A S S
+ S

17