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Fatigue and Fracture
Fatigue and Fracture
Stress or Strain? x
x
HCF
Elastic material
Small strain increment -> large stress increment
LCF
Stresses close to (or at) the yield limit
Small stress increment -> large strain increment.
Best resolution if strains are employed in
fatigue model.
Solid Mechanics Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) Anders Ekberg
2 (8)
Damage Mechanisms
Induced fatigue damage will be due to
global plasticity
local plasticity (same as in HCF)
For high load amplitudes (and/or high maximum
magnitudes of loading) global plasticity will be the
dominating cause
For low load magnitudes, the model should tend to
similar results as for HCF criteria (i.e. the Whler
curve)
Note that the static load carrying capacity must not be
exceeded. This must be checked separately
log a
log f
f apl a = ael + apl
log el pl
E
ael
0 2 4 6 log(2Nf )
( f m )
a = ael + apl = (2 Nf ) + f (2 Nf )
b c
E
log a
m < 0
(compressive)
m > 0
(tensile)
0 2 4 6 log(2Nf )
a = 1% = 2% Nf = 103
a = 0.5% = 1% Nf = 10 4
Stress concentration
The stress concentration factor ahead of a
notch is defined as
max K K
K
In a similar manner, the strain Kt K > K
concentration factor ahead of a
notch is defined as
max K
K
Y
Kt
If we load above the yield limit, which is
the case for LCF conditions, we get
and K K
Neubers rule
K K = Kf2 where Kf = 1 + q( Kt 1)
which yields
max
max max = K K = Kf2
Assuming elastic conditions far from the
notch, we get the Neuber hyperbola
Kf2
2 max
max max =
E
The equation of the Neuber hyperbola has Constitutive
relation
two unknown
Neuber
But, the stress must also fulfil constitutive hyperbola
relationship between stress and strain
Thus, two equations and two unknown