Collision In 2-Dimensions

Erian De Guzman
Lab Partners: Marion Abiendo, Kevin Vincent, Robby
Magallenes
SPH4U
November 18, 2016
Mr. Spensieri
Observations
Variables Run 1 Run 2 Run 3 Run 4 Run 5 Ave
Vertical Distance(m) 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87 0
T(s) 0.24 0.40 0.48 0.43 0.50 0
Horizontal 0.462 0.472 0.475 0.462 0.46 0.4
Distance(m)
VX (m/s) 1.93 1.18 0.99 1.07 0.92 1.
Mass(kg) 0.00541 0.00541 0.00541 0.00541 0.00541 0.0
Momentum(kg*m/s) 0.01 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.
Angle() 88.5 89 89 87 89 8

Single Marble:

Variables Run 1 Run 2 Run 3 Run 4 Run 5

Marbles Moving Stationa Movin Stationa Movin Stationa Movin Stationa Movin Stationar Movi
ry g ry g ry g ry g y
T(s) 0.48 0.533 0.48 0.49 0.56
Horizontal 0.259 0.451 0.25 0.355 0.255 0.358 0.232 0.359 0.28 0.352 0.2
Distance(m) 2
VX(m/s) 0.54 0.94 0.47 0.67 0.53 0.75 0.47 0.73 0.5 0.63 0.5
Mass(kg) 0.0054 0.00401 0.0054 0.00401 0.0054 0.00401 0.0054 0.00401 0.0054 0.00401 0.00
1 1 1 1 1 1
Momentum(kg*m/ 0.0029 0.0038 0.0025 0.0027 0.0029 0.003 0.0025 0.0029 0.0027 0.0025 0.0
s) 7
Angle() 43 -54.5 37.5 -56 40 -53.5 38.5 -37.5 38 -34.5 39
Collision:

Single Marble
Avg. Momentum/Avg. Length of Line = (0.06kg*m/s)/0.004662cm
Collision
Moving Marble:
Avg. Momentum/Avg. Length of Line = (0.0027 kg*m/s)/0.002552 cm
Stationary Marble:
Avg. Momentum/Avg. Length of Line = (0.003 kg*m/s)/0.009375 cm
Analysis
X and Y Components for each Marbles Horizontal Distance
X:
Single Marble Perpendicular to the y-axis = (Avg. Horizontal Distance)cos
Avg. Angle =
(0.4662)cos88.5 = 0.012 m
Moving Marble Perpendicular to the y-axis = (Avg. Horizontal Distance)cos
Avg. Angle =
(0.2552)cos39.4 = 0.20 m
Stationary Marble Perpendicular to the y-axis = (Avg. Horizontal Distance)cos
Avg. Angle =
(0.3748)cos-47.2 = -0.25 m
Y:
Single Marble Parallel to the y-axis = (Avg. Horizontal Distance)sin Avg. Angle
=
(0.4662)sin88.5 = 0.47 m
Moving Marble Parallel to the y-axis = (Avg. Horizontal Distance)sin Avg.
Angle =
(0.2552)sin39.4 = 0.16 m
Stationary Marble Parallel to the y-axis = (Avg. Horizontal Distance)sin Avg.
Angle =
(0.3748)sin-47.2 = -0.28 m
Momentum for each Horizontal Distance of each Marble
X:
Single Marble = (0.012)[(0.06kg*m/s)/0.004662cm] = 0.15 kg*m/s
Moving Marble = (0.20)[(0.0027 kg*m/s)/0.002552 cm] = 0.21 kg*m/s
Stationary Marble = (-0.25)[(0.003 kg*m/s)/0.009375 cm] = -0.08 kg*m/s
Y:
Single Marble = (0.47)[(0.06kg*m/s)/0.004662cm] = 6.05 kg*m/s
Moving Marble = (0.16)[(0.0027 kg*m/s)/0.002552 cm] = 0.17 kg*m/s
Stationary Marble = (-0.28)[(0.003 kg*m/s)/0.009375 cm] = -0.09 kg*m/s
Discussions
1. The moving marble has a magnitude of 0.20 kg*m/s and the stationary
marble has a magnitude of -0.25 kg*m/s. The magnitude of these two
marbles seem to be close to each other while one is in the opposite
direction. Some errors may have made the magnitudes of momentum
 to be not exactly equal in magnitude but if errors werent made then it
can be concluded that momentum is conserved.
2. 0.16m + (-0.28m) = -0.12 m
Some of the kinetic energy of the moving marble is lost when it collides
with the stationary marble so it has a lesser magnitude of momentum.
3. EKSingle = 1/2mv2 = 1/2(0.00541)(1.218)2 = 0.004 J
ET = EKMoving + EKStationary = (1/2mv2) + (1/2mv2) = [1/2(0.00401)(0.744)2] +
[1/2(0.00541)(0.502)2] = 0.002 J
The sum of the kinetic energies of the marbles in part 2 does not equal to
the kinetic energy of the single marble in part 1.
4. EKSingle ET = 0.004 0.002 = 0.002 J
0.002 J of kinetic energy is lost between part 1 and part 2.
Conclusion
At a glance, the collision of the two marbles is elastic because they
moved in two directions after they collide however it is a partially elastic
collision because calculations have proved that kinetic energy was lost in the
collision which resulted in the moving marbles momentum to be lost after it
collides with the stationary ball. From the observations, the momentum of
the single marble in part 1 is 0.006 kg*m/s while the moving marbles
momentum is 0.0027 kg and the stationary marbles momentum is 0.003
kg*m/s. The total amount of momentum of the moving marble and stationary
marble seems to be very close with the momentum of the single marble. It is
concluded that the momentum for the system is conserved and that
discrepancies have made the results to be not exact which is why the
momentum of the moving marble and stationary marble are not exact equal
to the single marbles momentum but very close.
There are human errors made in the lab that may have given inexact
results in the observations. The timer may not have been started in the exact
moment the moving marble collides with the stationary marble which gives
inexact measures of time. The apparatus used in the lab may not have been
steady or set an appropriate angle which couldve made the marbles miss
the spot on the paper where theyre supposed to land. There might also have
been experimental errors in measuring the vertical distance with a ruler and
finding the angles with a protractor that may have caused other results to be
not exact as it shouldve been.

Appendix
Avg. Momentum of Single Marble = (0.01 + 0.06 + 0.005 + 0.005 +
0.004)/5 = 0.006 kg*m/s
Avg. Momentum of Moving Marble = (0.029 + 0.0025 + 0.0029 + 0.0025 +
0.027)/5 = 0.0027 kg*m/s
Avg. Momentum of Stationary Marble = (0.0038 + 0.0029 + 0.003 + 0.0029
+ 0.0025)/5 = 0.003 kg*m/s
Avg. Length of Line of Single Marble = (0.462 + 0.472 + 0.475 + 0.462 +
0.46)/5 = 0.4662 m
Avg. Length of Line of Moving Marble = (0.259 + 0.25 + 0.255 + 0.232 +
0.28)/5 = 0.2552 m
Avg. Length of Line of Stationary Marble = (0.451 + 0.355 + 0.358 + 0.359
+ 0.352)/5 = 0.3748 m