CHNGXI

PHNNGNHANHTRONGDUNGDCHVNGHAHCCAN

I.NGHAHCCAPHNNGNHANHTRONGDUNGDCH

II.LTHUYTVPHNNG

III.PHNGPHPNGHINCUNHANHVRTNHANH

1.Phngphpchy

2.Nghincuphnngrtnhanh

BitpchngXI

CHNGXI

PHNNGNHANHTRONGDUNGDCHVNGHAHCCAN

I.NGHAHCCAPHNNGNHANHTRONGDUNGDCH
II.LTHUYTVPHNNGNHANH
III.PHNGPHPNGHINCUPHNNGNHANHVRTNHANH

Nhiuphnngvasccqutrnhscpcaphnngphctplnhngphnng
nhanh.Do,khngthsdngphngphpnghincuthngthngcholoiphnng
nhanhc.Phnnggiaccion,gctdo,phnnglnmentrongsinhhalnhngphn
ngnhanhcchukbnhykhong .Ngitagiloiphnngnyl"phnng
onhanh".

Phngphpnghincutccaphnngldavovicxcnhtrngthichuyn
tipcahnhpphnng.Sau,khostnngcamthocmtschtphnngtheo
thigian.Bngconngnycthnghincuccphnngdinrachm,tccanso
vithigiancnthitlpiukinobanuvtinhnhonng.

Cthrtngncthigiancnthitthchinphponhsdngphngphp
vtlkmtheothitbtghi.Tuynhin,khnngthitlprtnhanhchngiukinulm
hnchvicsdngccphngphpnghincuphnngnhanhvrtnhanh.Chnghn,
trnmtcchbnhthngmtlngnhhaichtlngvonhautrakodikhong1giy.
iviccphnngcthigiantrnnhth,ihiphinghincunghcphnngvi
chukbnhylnhn1giy.

1.Phngphpchy TOP

nghincuphnngchukbnhyc ,ngitasdngphngphp
chy,ykhngosthayinngchtphnngtronghknmthchinphpoti
ccthigiankhcnhaucah"m"nnh.

Nguyntccaphngphpnhsau:

Dungdchchtphnngcavobung(bnh)phnngcdungtchrtbvitc
khngi.


Hnh11.1:Nguyntchotngcaphngphp
chy

1.Ngunsng

2.Quangphk
3.Bungphnng
4.Bm

Hnhpphnngcgibungphnngtrongvng .Sauhnhp
phnngchyquang,ctinhnhphntchmthocmtviimbngphng
phpquanghc,xemhnh11.1.

Trngthidngcthitlpivichtphnngtrongngchy.Thnhphnca
hnhpvtrxcnhlkhngivkhngphthucvothigian.

Khongthigiantgialctrnchtphnngvquanstphthucvotcchyu,
vchiudiltimonbungphnng.NuFlintchcathitdinngangcang,
th:

nghincusdinbincaphnng,bncnhphngphpquangphcnsdng
phngphpinha(odnin,inth)vnhitlngk.

2.Nghincuphnngrtnhanh TOP
 Trongtrnghpnghincunghccaphnngmchukbnhycannhhn
cthsdnghaiphngphpdiy:

a)Hphnngckhuymtcchlintcnhqutrnhvtl.Saukhitrncnbng
giaqutrnhvtlvqutrnhhahccthitlp.Trncssliucaqutrnhvtl
(tcqutrnh)cthxcnhtcqutrnhhahcnghincu...Nhngphngphp
cdthotheonguyntcnygilphngphpcnhtranh.

b)Phngphphahc,trngthicnbngthngk,hoccnbngbnctrn
bngyutni,lmchuyndchcnbng.Saukhilmchuyndchcnbngnhkhuy,trn,
htrlitrngthicnbngbanu.Nghincutrctipqutrnhngcsxcnhc
tccan.Phngphpnygilphngphptrn.

Phngphpchychpdngchophnngbcnht:Doscnhtranhgiaqutrnh
quang(truynnhsng)vqutrnhhahcdnntrngthidng.Hiungcnhtranhc
thcnghincubngconngkhostskhuchtnnhquangin.Nghincuqu
trnhxyrabmtphnchiacainccphncccththucsliuvsphnccca
phnngnhanh.

Vicsdngcnghngtelectron,spinhoccnghnghtnhnnghincuphn
ngnhanhtrongdungdchclitvophngphpcnhtranh.Nhbitchiurngca
vchquangphcnghngtprotonphthucvothigiansngcahpchthahckho
st(xemccphngphpphntchhal).Cnghngtprotoncsdngtrcht
nghincuphnnggiaaxitvbaz.

Trongtrnghpphngphptrncmtphnbtrngthibanucaphnng
cthtcnhtrnhoclmchuyndchcnbng.Ngitatinhnhvicbngnhiu
phngphpkhcnhau.iviphngphptchthotcnbngcchuyndchnhthay
inhit(phnngkmtheohiungnhit),psut(phnngkmtheosthayith
tch)hoctrngelectron(phnngkmtheosthayisionhocmomentlngcc).Sau
khichuyndchcnbngcchkhuytrn,hstrlitrngthicnbngu.Quasthay
iccthamsninynh"kchthchnhit""kchthchpsut""kchthchtrng",cth
otrctipsthayinngchtphnngtrngthicnbngminhghilibng
thccilngctrngcah,vd,hpthu(A),dnin...

Phngphpphntchquanghacsdngrngringhincuphnngnhanh.
Nhngphnngckchthchquanghabngchiusngvibcxvicngnhanhs
toraphnthotng(gctdo,nguynt...)cnngkhcao.Phngphpquangph
nghincuphnngnhanhkhctrngchiuqu.

Khongxcnhcaccphngphpnghincuctrnhbydiy(davochu
kcmngt1/2).
Hnh11.2a:Khongxcnhcaccphngphpnghincuphnngnhanh

1.Phngphptchhot

2.Cnghngspinelectron

3.Phngphpquanghc

4.Phngphpinha

5.Phngphpcnghngthtnhn

6.Phngphpchy

7.Phngphpcnhtranh.

Hnh11.2b:Khongcchxcnhcaphngphpnghincu.

I.Phngphpthng

II.Phngphpnhanh

1.Phnngbcnht

2.Phnngbchai

Saucngxingiithiusnghincuphnngnhanh(I2(2I)
Hnh11.3:Snghincunghcbngphngphpphntchquanghaphnng
nhanh.

1.Nguninthcao

2.Rle
3.Tin
4.nxung
5.Bnhphnng
6.Ngunnhsngtrng
7.Lcsng
8.Myquangph
9.Bphnquang
10.Khuchi
11.Mytghi(daongk)

BitpchngXI

1.Davoubitmtphnnglphnngnhanhvrtnhanh.Nhngphnngno
thucloiphnngnhanhvrtnhanh?

2.nghahccaphnngnhanhvrtnhanhiviphnngbc1,2.

3.Trnhbylthuytvphnngnhanhvrtnhanh.

4.Trnhbyphngphpnghincuphnngnhanhvrtnhanh