CHNGX

NHHNGCAHIUNGTHLNTCPHNNG
I.MU

II.PHNGTRNHHAMMETT

III.SMRNGPHNGTRNHHAMMETT

1.ivihpchtthmnhiulnth,nhiuvng

2.Hpchtdvng,cngcthmrngpdngcho(VII)v(VIII)

3.Hpchtbo

4.PhngtrnhHammettdngcitin

IV.PHNGTRNHYUKAVATSUNO

V.PHNGTRNHTAFT

1.Hiunglpthvhiungtrngtrongphnngcahpchtbo

2.Hiunglpthvhiungtrngcahpchtthtrongphnngca
dnxutbenzenthocto

BitpchngX

CHNGX

NHHNGCAHIUNGTHLNTCPHNNG
IMU

Sthayicutophnt(sphnbelectron,cuhnhkhnggian)gyradosathm
nhmthvo,cnhhngrrtlnhottnhcahpcht,dolntcphnng.Nghincu
nhhngcasthlntcphnngcthrtraktlunvbnchtcasnphmtrunggian
vtrngthichuyntipcaphnngnghincu.

Vnnycnghachotahiubitvcutrcvkhnngphnngcahpchthuc.
Smtnhlnglthuytvnnythucnhimvcahalngtvnhitnghcthng
k.Tuynhin,vicnghincunhlng,milinhgiacutrcvhottnhcachtphnng
cngcthtinhnhbngthcnghim.

Nhiucngtrnhthcnghimthitlpmilinhgialogarithngstcphnngca
hpchthuctrongphnng(A)vilogarithngstctrongphnngkhc(B),thucs
phthuctuyntnhsau:

Sphthuctuyntnhcabinthinentanpitdokhngnhngivitrnghpthayi
cutrc,mcnivisthayimitrngphnng.VdquitcxctcBronstedtrongxc
tcaxitbazvsphthuccatcphnngvophncccadungmi.

II.PHNGTRNHHAMMETT
III.SMRNGPHNGTRNHHAMMETT

1ivihpchtthmnhiulnth,nhiu
TOP
vng


2Hpchtdvng,cngcthmrngpdngcho(VII)v(VIII) TOP
3Hpchtbo TOP

SphthucHammettlcuchpdngividnxutthcabenzen,tronghiung
electroncachtthRcchuynntrungtmphnngYquanhmphnylmetavpara,vi
githitkhngtntihiunglpthgiaRvY.

Cthnghrngngoihiungtrn,cntntihiungkhcltngtchtquanhng
phncutrccng,nslmtrunggiantrongschuyndchcahiungelectron.

4PhngtrnhHammettdngcitin TOP

IV.PHNGTRNHYUKAVATSUNO
V.PHNGTRNHTAFT

Nhtrnhbytrn,theoHammettiviphnngcadnxutbenzenthvtrmeta
vparamitntihiungtrng(cmng)lntrungtmphnng,cntrongphnngcadn
xutthvtrocto,hiunglpthcvaitrnhtnh.DokhngthsdngdngHammett
choloiphnngny.Biv,khngquanstthycsphthuctuyntnhgialogarithngstc
phnngthyphnkim,thvtroctocaaxitbenzoicvlogarithngsinlycaaxitny.

Ngitacgngxemxthiungtrngvhiunglpthtrongphnngcahpcht
bovdnxutthbenzenvtroctevxcnhccthamsringchotngloiphnng.

1Hiunglpthvhiungtrngtrongphnngcahpchtbo TOP

Nhnghincuthcnghim,Taftinktlunrngtrongphnngmhottnhcacht
phnngchphthucvohiungcmngcachtth(khngphthucvohiungcmng
lpth,ngphnha)thnhhngcahiungthcmng(hayhiungtrng)cthmt
phngtrnhTaft.
2Hiunglpthvhiungtrngcahpchtthtrongphnngcadn
TOP
xutbenzenthocto

Trongtrnghpchchiungtrngcnghacntngtclpthvcctngtckhc
(vdtngtccuhydro)iviphnngdnxutthvtroctocabenzenkhngcvaitr
cngcthsdngsphthucnhphngtrnhHammett.
BitpchngX