TAP CH PHAT TRIEN KH&CN, TAP 11, SO 02 - 2008

QUY TRNH TNH TON THIT K H THNG BNG TI NG

Nguyn Thanh Nam

HQG-HCM

1. T VN
Bng ti c s dng vn chuyn cc vt liu ri t rt lu nh nhng u im l c cu
to n gin, bn, c kh nng vn chuyn vt liu theo phng nm ngang, nghing vi khong
cch ln, lm vic m, nng sut cao v tiu hao nng lng khng ln lm. Tuy nhin trong qu
trnh s dng bng ti mng trong cng nghip (vn chuyn xi mng, khai thc than, , trong cc
nh my nhit in, bn cng) ngi ta thng gp phi nhng vn : 1) C hao ht vt liu
vn chuyn do ri vi trn ng vn chuyn lm d bn v gy nhim mi trng; 2) Khi vn
chuyn nhng khong cch di v khng thng i hi phi c thm nhng trm trung chuyn
tn km; 3) Khng cho php vn chuyn nhng ni c s chnh lch ln v cao; 4) Vt liu
vn chuyn tip xc v chu nh hng trc tip ca mi trng v thi tit (m t, bi).
Nhng hn ch trn c th gii quyt bng cc bng ti ng [1], [2], [4] nh vic vn chuyn vt
liu bng cch cun chng cc cnh bng thnh hnh ng trn vi vic s dng cc con ln b tr
theo hnh lc gic. Bng ti s bao ly vt liu vn chuyn nn bo v c vt liu khi tc ng
ca mi trng, ng thi cng bo v mi trng khi nh hng ca vt liu. Bng ti ng
cng loi tr nhu cu s dng cc trm trung chuyn thay i hng vn chuyn do bng ti
ng c kh nng un cong vi bn knh nh hn nhiu so vi bng ti mng nh c p cht tt
DE
c cc pha bng cc b con ln dn hng ( Rmin = ), bng ti ng cng cho php vn
2 z
chuyn nhng ni c s chnh lch ln v cao (30o), do bng ti ng l la chn ti u
nht vn chuyn cc vt liu ri nh tro bi d bay, vi, than , than non, sn phm t du
m, xi mng, phn bn
Nguyn l lm vic ca bng ti ng (Hnh 1.1): Bng ti ng bao gm tm bng c t
trn tang dn ng, tm bng ny va l b phn ko va l b phn ti liu. Tm bng chuyn
ng c nh lc ma st xut hin khi tang dn quay. ng c in cng vi hp gim tc v
cc ni trc l cc c cu truyn ng cho bng ti ng. np liu vo bng ti ta dng phu
np liu, t bng ti vt liu c tho ra qua phu tho liu. Mun lm sch bng ti c th s
dng b phn no. Tm bng c cng nh b phn cng lp tang cui h thng hay nhnh
khng ti. Tt c cc cm chi tit trn c lp trn mt khung . Bng c v nh hnh
dng ng nh cc b con ln dn hng. Khi h thng lm vic, bng ti dch chuyn trn cc gi
trc ln mang theo vt liu t phu np n phu tho liu.

Hnh 1.1: S h thng bng ti ng

1- Tang dn; 2- Phu cp liu; 3- Con ln bng ti;
4- Con ln nh hnh ng cho bng ti; 5- bng ti;
6- H thng truyn ng; 7- Phu tho liu; 8- Tang b dn;
Science & Technology Development, Vol 11, No.02 - 2008

9- Chn gi; 10- Con ln cun ng; 11- Cm iu chnh sc cng bng.

Phng php tnh ton thit k bng ti ng: Do bng ti ng tng i mi, cha c cc
chun mc c cng nhn nn vic tnh ton thit k nn vn phi s dng nhiu gi tr thc
nghim tn km lm hn ch kh nng tnh ton thit k cc h thng bng ti ng trong thc t.
Thng qua cng trnh ny tc gi xut mt quy trnh tnh ton thit k bng ti ng da trn
cc cng thc tnh ton i vi bng ti mng c hip hi cc nh sn xut thit b bng ti
(CEMA) cng nhn, c xt n nhng c im khc nhau v phng din chu ti (s khc bit
ch yu gia hai loi bng ti ny l mt bn th bng ti c v nh dng mng nh cc b
con ln dn hng cn bn kia th c v nh dng ng) v cc cng thc xc nh cc
thng s gii hn ca bng ti ng[3], xy dng phn mm tnh ton thit k v kim chng kt
qu thit k thng qua m hnh h thng bng ti ng vn chuyn xi mng.

2. QUY TRNH TNH TON THIT K BNG TI NG

S tnh ton mt h thng bng ti ng c cho trn hnh 2.1.

Hnh 2.1: S ng ca h thng truyn ng bng ti ng

c th tnh ton thit k h thng bng ti ng, ta chia bi ton thnh cc bc thc hin:
Bc 1: Kho st thc a
Tin hnh kho st xc nh cc yu cu i vi vt liu vn chuyn nh nng sut vn
chuyn, vn tc bng ti, tng chiu di vn chuyn, chiu cao nng, khong cch theo phng
ngang, kch thc cc on cong
Bc 2: Xc nh thng s ban u v cc gi tr tng ng ca chng
STT Cc thng s ban u ca bng ti ng K hiu
01 Nng sut (tn/h) G
03 Chiu di bng ti (m) LB
04 S lp si trong bng ti J
05 Khi lng ring vt liu lm bng ti 1
06 Khi lng ring vt liu vn chuyn 0
07 T l in y ng (%)
08 Vn tc bng ti (m) Vo
09 Kch thc ht (mm)
10 Gc lch trong mt phng ngang ca on i () i
11 Gc nng theo phng thng ng ca on i () i
12 Bn knh cong ca on i (m) Ri
13 H s ma st ca vt liu C2
 TAP CH PHAT TRIEN KH&CN, TAP 11, SO 02 - 2008

14 H s ma st ca cc con ln C1
15 Gc nghing ca tm gt vi chiu chuyn ng ca bng
Bc 3: Xc nh cc thng s u ra ca h thng bng ti ng
STT Cc thng s u ra ca bng ti ng K hiu
01 Nng sut (tn/h) G
02 Chiu rng ca bng ti (m) B
03 Chiu dy ca bng ti (m) s
05 ng knh tang dn v b dn (m) Dt1; Dt2
06 Chiu di tang dn v b dn (m) Lt
07 Trng lng 1m bng (N) Wb
08 Trng lng vt liu phn b trn 1m bng (N) Wm
09 Tr lc nhnh c ti (N) Q1
10 Tr lc nhnh khng ti (N) Q2
11 Ti trng ph do cun ng (N) Fp
12 Ti trng ph do un cong ng (N) Fci
13 Din tch thit din ng (m2) S0
14 Din tch thit din dng vt liu trn bng ti (m2) S
15 Lu lng dng vt liu vn chuyn (m3/s) Q
16 Chiu di vn chuyn (m) L
17 S on cong N
18 Chiu di on i theo ng tm (m) Li
19 Bn knh cong ca on I (m) Ri
20 Cng sut khc phc tr lc nhnh c ti (KW) N1
21 Cng sut khc phc tr lc nhnh khng ti (KW) N2
22 Cng sut cn thit vn chuyn theo phng ngang (KW) N3
23 Cng sut tiu hao lm sch bng (KW) N4
24 Cng sut cn thit nng vt liu ln cao H (KW) N5
25 Cng sut tiu hao cun bng thnh ng (KW) N6
26 Cng sut tiu hao un ng ti cc on cong (KW) N7
27 Cng sut dn ng bng ti (KW) P
28 Kch thc phu cp liu (m) LxWxH
29 Kch thc phu tho liu (m) LxWxH
30 ng knh ng (mm) D
31 ng knh cc con ln (mm) d
32 Khong cch gia cc b con ln (m) Si
33 Chiu di on chuyn tip (m) Lct
34 Chiu di ti thiu ca bng ti (m) Lmin
35 Khong cch gia cc b con ln trong on cong (m) Sci
36 Bn knh cong ti thiu (m) Rmin
Bc 4: Trnh t tnh ton gi tr cc thng s u ra ca h thng bng ti ng:
G
Q=
1) Tnh lu lng:
3.6 0 (2.1)
Q
S=
2) Tnh din tch thit din dng vt liu S:
V0 (2.2)
Science & Technology Development, Vol 11, No.02 - 2008

S
S0 =
V (2.3)
4S 0
D=
3) Xc nh ng knh ng: (2.4)
Chn chiu rng bng B ( B > 2 D )
DE
Rmin =
4) Tnh bn knh cong nh nht theo cng thc [3]:
2 z (2.5)
Trong E l m un n hi.
5) Tnh di on chuyn tip [3]:

3

D + 2 D s
Lct =
3 243
18
E
1
113 12 k (2.6)
6) Xc nh tr lc ca b con ln dn hng:
Wi = Gi .g (2.7)
Trong Gi l khi lng ca b con ln dn hng
7) Xc nh trng lng ca 1m bng Wb:
Wb = B.s.1.g (2.8)
8) Trng lng vt liu phn b trn 1m bng Wm (N/m):
G
Wm = 3, 6.
V0 (2.9)
9) Lc cn nhnh c ti q1 trn 1m chiu di bng:
W
q1 = C1. Wb + Wm + 1500 i
Si
(2.10)
10) Lc cn nhnh khng ti trn 1m bng q2:
W
q2 = C1. Wb + 1500 i
Si
(2.11)
11) Ti trng ph do cun ng Fp:Da vo thc nghim ngi ta xy dng mi lin h
gia ti trng ph vi ng knh ng qua bng sau:
ng knh ng Ti trng ph do
(mm) cun ng Fp (N)
150 225
200 275
250 320
300 360
350 400
400 450
500 550
600 590
 TAP CH PHAT TRIEN KH&CN, TAP 11, SO 02 - 2008

700 680
850 820

12) Ti trng ph do un cong ng (Fci) ph thuc vo lc un (Fui) v bp ng i :

D
Fui = E.B.s.106 (2.12)
2 Ri
Ti trng ny cng c xc nh bng thc nghim trong bng sau [1]:
bp Ti trng trn bng ti Fc khi lc un bng Fu (N)
ng 450 900 2250 3600 4500 6800 9000 11350 13600
5o 14 22 29 36 44
10o 15 23 29 44 58 73 87
15o 22 35 44 65 87 109 131
20o 12 29 46 58 87 116 145 174
25o 14 36 58 72 108 144 181 217
30o 9 17 43 69 86 130 173 216 259
35o 10 20 50 80 100 150 201 251 301
40o 11 23 57 91 114 171 228 285 342
45o 13 26 64 102 128 191 255 319 383
50o 14 28 70 113 141 211 282 352 423
60o 17 34 83 133 167 250 334 417 500
70o 19 38 96 153 191 287 383 478 574
80o 21 43 107 172 214 322 429 536 643
90o 24 47 118 189 236 354 472 590 708
13) Cng sut khc phc tr lc nhnh c ti:
n
N1 = 10 3.Vo . qi L i
1 (2.13)
14) Cng sut cn thit khc phc tr lc nhnh khng ti:
n
N 2 = 103.Vo . q2 L i
1 (2.14)
15) Cng sut cn thit vn chuyn vt liu theo phng ngang:
N 3 = 103.q3 .V0 .cos .L (2.15)
vi L l chiu di vn chuyn on ng thng, q3- tr lc vt liu vn chuyn trn 1m chiu
di theo phng ngang:
q3 = C2 .Wm
16) Cng sut tiu hao cho tm gt:
N 4 = 1,1.103.G.B.tg (2.16)
17) Cng sut cn thit nng vt liu ln cao H:
N 5 = 103.Wm .V5 .H (2.17)
Vi V5- vn tc nng vt liu theo phng thng ng
V5 = V0 .sin
18) Cng sut tiu hao cun bng thnh ng:
Science & Technology Development, Vol 11, No.02 - 2008

N 6 = 10 3.k .Fp .Vo

(2.18)
19) Cng sut tiu hao un bng ti ti nhng on cong:
n
N 7 = 103. Fci
1 (2.19)
20) Cng sut dn ng bng ti ng:
1
P = ( N1 + N 2 + N3 + N 4 + N 5 + N 6 + N 7 )
K (2.20)
 TAP CH PHAT TRIEN KH&CN, TAP 11, SO 02 - 2008

Hnh 2.2:Giao din nhp thng s ban u

3. PHN MM TNH TON THIT K H THNG BNG TI NG
Xy dng phn mm tnh ton: S tnh ton thit k h thng bng ti ng c xy dng
nh trn hnh 2.3. Phn mm tnh ton c vit bng ngn ng Visual C++ thc hin cc chc
nng c bn nh tnh ton cng sut dn ng, khong cch gia cc b con ln, chiu di on
chuyn tip, bn knh cong cc on un, gc nng v cc thng s gii hn khc ca b truyn.
Giao din ca phn mm gm nhng phn sau:
Thng s ban u c nhp vo giao din nhp s liu nh trn hnh 2.2.Sau khi nhp
cc thng tin, ta chn calculate, nu cc thng s u vo hp l, chng trnh s bt u tnh
ton.
Sau khi tnh ton xong chng trnh xut kt qu ra cc giao din khc nhau: cc thng tin v
h thng s c xut ra trn giao din Thng tin c bn (hnh 2.4); giao din Cng sut cho
ta thng tin v cng sut ca h thng cng vi cc ti trng ph v h s cn (hnh 2.5); cui
cng l cc h thng truyn ng cho bng ti ng c th tm thy trn giao din Truyn ng
nh trn hnh 2.6.
Science & Technology Development, Vol 11, No.02 - 2008

3

D + 2 D s
3 81 18 3
Lct = D E
113 12 DKct

E ( R 4 ( R s )4 )
S = 3 3.082
g (vl R 2 + 2Rs bt )
 TAP CH PHAT TRIEN KH&CN, TAP 11, SO 02 - 2008

(0 .R 2 +1 (( R + s )2 R 2 ))
dkcl=Sthang. .
( 2 + dh .R)
Science & Technology Development, Vol 11, No.02 - 2008

V0R 2 2
c[i].N_tai[0]= sin( ) -cos( - )sin( - )+cos( - )sin( - ) + (1+cos( ) )
2 2 2 2 2
V0R
c[i].N_tai[1]=- (cos( )2 -1) cos( - )sin( - )+ -cos( + )sin( + )
2 2 2 2 2
 TAP CH PHAT TRIEN KH&CN, TAP 11, SO 02 - 2008

Hnh 2.3: S tnh ton thit k h thng bng ti ng

Science & Technology Development, Vol 11, No.02 - 2008

Hnh 2.4: Giao din thng tin c bn

Hnh 2.5: Giao din tnh cng sut

Hnh 2.6: Giao din tnh h thng truyn ng

Kt qu tnh ton thit k m hnh vn chuyn xi mng:
1. D liu u vo:
- Vt liu vn chuyn: Xi mng.
 TAP CH PHAT TRIEN KH&CN, TAP 11, SO 02 - 2008

- Nng sut bng ti: P=45t/h.

- Vn tc bng: v=0,4m/s.
- in y: =60%.
- Loi bng: bng vi cao su.
- D=200mm; d=35mm; k=3,5; Fct=4,5kN; Fkt=2kN; Ft=0,7kN.
2. Tnh ton cc thng s ca bng:
- Chiu di on chuyn tip (transition length): T=3m vi 6 b con ln.
- Khong cch gia cc b con ln trn on bng thng (Idler spacing): ds=1,2m.
- Khong cch gia cc b con ln trn on bng cong [dc], vi bn knh cung m R=30m
dc=0,6.ds=0,72 m.
- Cc gc to bi on cong:
+ Gc to bi hnh chiu ca bng trn mt phng nm ngang so vi phng ban u: 30 .
+ Gc to bi hnh chiu ca bng trn mt phng thng ng so vi phng ban u: 30 .
+ Suy ra gc trong khng gian ca bng so vi phng ban u: 40 .
- Chiu di 1 cung cong: 20,5m, phn b 28 b con ln, khong cch 0,707m.
- Chiu di bng c gi dng ng: Lc=2.20,5=41m.
- Tng chiu di 1 nhnh ca bng: L=Lc+2.T =47m
- Tng s b con ln trn 1 nhnh: N=(6+28).2+1=69.
- Chiu cao ca bng: H=9,56m.
- Chiu di hnh chiu ca bng: Ld = 44m.
- Hnh chiu b ngang ca bng: Ln=9,56m.
- Con ln: ng knh ngoi: Dcl=65mm; ng knh trc: dcl=20mm; Trng
lng phn quay: pcl=10N; Tang: ng knh ngoi: Dt=200mm; ng knh trc: dt=65mm;
Trng lng phn quay: pt=700N.
- W0=9,3477kN; Wv0=9,2002kN; Wr0=2,6475kN; Wv1=4,6475kN; Wr1=4,7002kN;
Ftd=0,0659kN; Ftp=0,0528kN
- Lc ko bng ti cn thit: Fk=Wr0.(k-1)=6,6186kN=7kN
- Cng sut tnh ton: Ptt=Fk.v0=3.5kW
M hnh bng ti ng vn chuyn xi mng c ch to thnh cng theo thit k nh trn
hnh 2.5.
Science & Technology Development, Vol 11, No.02 - 2008

Hnh 2.5: M hnh bng ti ng

4. KT LUN
Bng ti ng l mt phng tin vn chuyn vt liu ri thng qua mt ng dng cng ngh
mi, sch, chim t din tch nh loi tr cc trm trung chuyn. Li ch ca bng ti ng l hin
nhin, s gim thiu ri vi v bi bm, kh nng vn chuyn xa, linh hot trong cc a hnh m
cc bng ti truyn thng b gii hn nh un cong, dc, khng lm nhim mi trng xung
quanh, thit k nh gn nhng cng sut lm vic th khng h thua km cc bng ti truyn
thng l r rng. Mt quy trnh tnh ton thit k bng ti ng da trn cc cng thc tnh ton i
vi bng ti mng c hip hi cc nh sn xut thit b bng ti (CEMA) cng nhn, c xt
n nhng c im khc nhau v phng din chu ti v cc cng thc xc nh cc thng s
gii hn ca bng ti ng v mt phn mm tnh ton thit k v kim chng kt qu thit k
thng qua m hnh h thng bng ti ng vn chuyn xi mng s gip tng cng kh nng tnh
ton thit k v ng dng cc h thng bng ti ng trong thc t. Vic ch to thnh cng m
hnh bng ti ng cng khng nh kh nng ch to thnh cng h thng bng ti ng trong nc
m khng phi nhp ngoi. Cng trnh nhn c s cng tc tch cc ca nhm SVVP2003, tc
gi xin chn thnh cm n.

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. Maton A.E., Turbular Pipe Conveyor Design using a standard fabric belt, Bulk Solids
Handling Journal, Vol.20, No:1, Jan/Mar, p. 57-65, (2000).
[2]. Wachter D., Innovative Handling of Tailings using the Pipe Conveyor System, Bulk
Solids Handling Journal, Vol.10, No:3, Aug, 86-95, (1990).
[3]. Nguyn Thanh Nam, Numerical model of the critical parameters in the system of pipe
conveyor, Agricultural Science Journal, (2006).
[4]. Nguyn Thanh Nam, Nghin cu trin khai thit k ch to bng ti ng, Bo co
nghim thu ti NCKH cp thnh ph, (2004).