QUESTION 3 PATTERN

o (a) SAFETY AND ETHICAL ISSUES

Write about what safety issues/concerns/risks are there and what are the ethical
implications.
Safety issues using/related to -
Solutions/Buffers: Irritation/Allergic reaction, toxic, Ethanol is flammable.
Fruit/Vegetable/Plants or Cutting: Sharp instruments are used so there are
chances of getting cut, allergic reaction.
Bacteria/Agar/Toxins: Risk of growth and spread of harmful bacteria (must be
prevented), allergic reaction, avoid skin contact, follow aseptic techniques,
chances of getting hurt or injured while following aseptic techniques (such as
flaming).
Sampling/Field work: Risk from insect bite, Chances of getting sunburn (wear
sunscreen to prevent), allergic reaction (when q is about seeds)
Spirometer/Equipment: Sterilize after every use to prevent growth of harmful
bacteria, chances of getting hurt or injured while following aseptic techniques
(such as flaming).
Heat/Warming: Handle carefully to avoid injuries or accidents, wear hand gloves.
Mass/Load/Weight: Chances of getting hurt if dropped or handled poorly.

Ethical issues using/related to

Plants/Field work: Do not waste or cut plants uselessly, ensure that no plants are
under the feet (stood on) [during fieldwork], make sure that you do not disturb
the native animals [during fieldwork].
Organisms/Animals: Do not harm the animal/organism during investigation, do
not kill, make sure the organism/animal is kept in ideal conditions (appropriate
temp, light, water), animal/organisms should be returned to their natural habitat
after the investigation is over.
Humans (participants)/Health: Participants must be informed about the
investigation (what is to be done), participants permission/consent should be
taken, participants with health issues shouldnt take part [in investigation related
to exercise, breathing rate, VC, spirometer]
o (b) Preliminary Work
Write about what you will do before starting the experiment, to ensure that
everything goes well (as u plan), you know what you need and how to use them,
and finally to ensure that you get a reliable, valid result.
The basic points you should always keep in mind and in fact write
Conduct a practice of the proposed method and see if it works.
Using Solutions/Enzyme/Extracts: (carry out experiments to) determine
suitable concentration of {whatever you are using}, determine suitable
method to extract {whatever you need} [to be written in question related
to extraction only], finding suitable pH [when working with enzyme,
protein, buffer], determine suitable timescale for measuring {the DV or
whatever you are asked in Q}, suitable range of concentrations,
Using plants/bacteria: determine suitable conditions for growth, suitable
method to extract, suitable timescale, suitable range/amount/species.
Using human/exercise: Standardize experiment by choosing participants
of same age, gender and health, suitable timescale, suitable timescale for
exercise.

o (c) Detailed Explanation

Write about (in sequence) (and separate paragraphs)
IV and DV in the experiment
Procedure (range of IV, how long, how to keep)
Variables to control and how to control (atleast 2 variables)
How to measure the result
Repeat

o (d) Explanation of how data is recorded, presented and

analysed
How to measure the result and take mean from repeated readings
Draw table (in the blank space if given, otherwise in this serial)
Draw graph- just draw lines and label the axes, with mentioning on the top about
the type of the graph (in the blank space if given, otherwise in this serial)
 Explain how the graph is to be drawn (what type it should be and what against
what what is to be taken at what axis)
Mention the stat test to be used (Spearmans Rank Correlation Test for scatter
graph (one independent variable), and T-Test for Bar Graph (2 or more
independent variables)

o (e) Limitations
Write about what are your limitations, what problems you might face.
Always write, It is difficult to control all the variables affecting the {DV of the
investigation} and then give some example. And, another limiting factor might be
affecting the {whatever u are measuring/ DV}
Additionally when using/investigating
Humans: Sample/participants do not represent entire population, participants
may differ in effort [when exercising or activity related experiment], controlling
genetic variation.
Plants/extractions: Difficult to judge age, require to conduct experiment using
more than one type/species, controlling genetic variation, might be
contamination of solution [using agar, mineral ions]
Titration/solution: Difficulty in judging end-point, maintaining volume [if alcohol
used]
Animals: controlling genetic variation, require to conduct experiment using more
than one type/species.

THESE ARE ALL THE BASIC THINGS THAT YOU ARE

EXPECTED TO WRITE MOST OFTEN. TRY TO THINK
AND STICK TO THE POINTS. ALSO KEEP WHATEVER
YOU STUDY AND UNDERSTAND IN YOUR MIND.
THINK ACCORDING TO THE SITUATION, ACCORDING
TO YOU INVESTIGATION AND METHOD!