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    Short CKT Protection of DC Supply

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    Short CKT Protection of DC Supply

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    SHORT CKT PROTECTION OF DC SUPPLY

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    Short Ckt Protection of Dc Supply

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    SHORT CKT PROTECTION OF DC SUPPLY

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf
    11 views12 pages

    Short CKT Protection of DC Supply

    Uploaded by

    ramukolaki
    SHORT CKT PROTECTION OF DC SUPPLY

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    ‘USOOSS4240482 2) United States Patent (10) Patent No: US 8,842,404 B2 Vogel (45) Date of Patent: ep. 23, 2014 (64) SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION DEVICE (66) References Cited AND SWITCHGEAR ASSEMBLY TAVING SUCH PROTECTION DEVICES US. PATENT DOCUMENTS (75) Inveator: Relubard Vogel, Herzogenaurach (DE) AQ87H A 91987 Tako Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this (Continued) @1) Appl.No: 1348.02 BE “auboronas AL 2008 $371 (@\), Ae aus Intemational Search Report of PCTIEP20100051339, Dated August aon 6.2010 (87) PCT Pub, Nos WO2010/089338 PCT Pub, Date: Aug. 12, 2010 Primary Examiner — Rexford N Rarnic Assistant Examiner — Christopher Clark (65) ee (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Laurence A. Greenberg; US 20110817321 AI Dee. 29.2011 Wamer H. Somer Raph E- Locher 60) orsign Application Prorty Data “6 ABSTRACT Feb. 6.2009 (DB) 10 2008 007 969 A shortcut protection device fring, preferably also sb) nec dlstnating, shorts curents in high ener det er. Io2tt vos (200601) rent networks in particular shorecicut currents of battery toot n> toot) Syetoms in submarine det cument network. The device toot 908 (20001) inches n kre! rsistor in particular an ohm sito, mo2n a2 (200601) themdnet and imi the short-cut eure inthe ase o ‘HO2H 3/087 (2006.01) short-circuit, a first switch connected in parallel with the 036 ss (200601) Tesnor for ring the resistor when the network fe af (2) USC Shorteireut anontoringandcontlarangoment for mone ‘Ma2tH 34025 (2013.01); H02H1 3087 (2013.01), B63G 8/08 (2013.01) 36193. 361/939 foring the current bythe switch and for opening the switch if the cureat through the switch exceeds specified threshold value 68) ation Search 361093.1, 98.9, 94 17 Claims, § Drawing Sheets US 8,842,404 B2 Page 2 66) References Cited ee 1022753 AL 72000 iP 1526625 A2 4 2005 USS. PATENT DOCUMENTS iP 6t1086 A 42006 Ge 5995 572011 Chishima so9s7 S998 42007 Yamashita wit aD 008 5122008 Chishime 361937 KR 10200802920 842008 = "S201 Oaret al 42950 WO 2006059504 AI £2006 wo 2008058403 AL $2008 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS. WO 2010003885 4212010 @ 0161628 42111985 * cited by examiner US 8,842,404 B2 Sheet 1 of 5 Sep. 23, 2014 U.S, Patent FIG. 1 FIG. 2 U.S. Patent Sep. 23, 2014 Sheet 2 of 5 US 8,842,404 B2 FIG. 3 US 8,842,404 B2 Sheet 3 of 5 2014 Sep. 23, US. Patent FIG. 5 FIG. 6 US 8,842,404 B2 Sheet 4 of 5 Sep. 23, 2014 U.S, Patent FIG. 7 FIG. 8 US 8,842,404 B2 Sheet 5 of 5 Sep. 23, 2014 U.S, Patent FIG. 9 45 48 US 8,842,404 B2 1 SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION DEVICE, AND SWITCHGEAR ASSEMBLY HAVING SUCH PROTECTION DEVICES BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field ofthe Invention ‘The invention estes toa short circuit protection device for preferably also disconnecting, short-circuit currents inhigh-energy DC power supply systems, in particular shor- circuit eurents of battery systems in submarine DC power supply systems. The invention furthennore relates 10 2 switchgear assembly having a plurality of such protection devices ‘Batteries or rechargeable batteries are preferably used for storing energy in DC power supply systems In order to sim- plily the terminology used, only the term “batteries” will be used below for both types of enemy stores, OF particular ‘advantage here are those batteries which have a fo internal resistance, a low level of self-discharge and a high energy ‘density, From the present prior aft primarily batteries based ‘on lithium meet these requirements, with the result that they ate also used increasingly in high-power DC power supply systems. very typical field of use inthis ease is DC island networks, as are used in vehicles (for example submarines). “Thus, for example, EP | 641 066A2 and WO 2008055493 AT have disclosed submarine DC poster supply system with ‘battery based on Tithium. Inthis ease, the battery comprises phirlity of batery modules. which are connected inparallel ‘and which are connected tothe DC power supply system via ‘connecting conductors, the battery modules each comprising 4 string or a plurality of stings, connected in parallel, of high-power battery cells connected in series, andthe or each ‘of the stings having the system voltage of the DC power supply system. A switchgear assembly in this case serves to Switch the operating currents and to limit the shor-cieuit The low intemal resistance of lithium batteries which is advantagoous inthe interest of high efficiency in terms of ‘energy storage doos have the disadvantage, however, in the ‘eveol of short circuit i the DC power supply system that very high short-circuit curents ooeur. These short-cireuit ‘currents have a magnitude which isa mule of tht whieh ‘was previously known for other barteries, for example lead batteries. Inthe ease of submarine DC power supply system, the prospective short-circuit currents ean be, for example, 20 KA ora battery string and up to 500 KA per battery. In conjunetion with the very high shor-citenit eurent, there is a very rapid increase in this short-circuit current Thus, the time constant ofthe uninfluenced shor-cecuit eur- rent is oaly afew milliseconds, for example. “The disconnection of such a shor-cteuit current is there {ore problematic in particular when electromanetically aet- sted circuit breakers with overcurent identification are used for monitoring and disconnecting the short-circuit curret said circuit breakers having an unavoidable response and tripping time. Since the resultant overcurrent identification and disconnection time of such cireit breakers i equal oF treater than the time constant ofthe uninfluenced shor-cit- ‘cuit current of the batteries there is alrady such a high ‘current flowing at the disconnection time that the circuit, breaker is overloaded by the then very high disconnection ‘eneray WT? This may result in serious damage to the circuit, breaker itself andlor to the components which the circuit breaker is intended to protect, 0 o 2 As an alternative or in addition to eireuit breakers, in some cases fusible inks ean be used which need wo be replaced by few fuses once the shortcieuit current has been discon. rected. In many cases, such a replacement of fuses ater shortciruits i not desirable or else aot possible in short period of ime, however typical case inthis regard i a DC ‘slane power supply system, for example on vehicles, suchas submarines, for example. Ifthe shorcecreuit current is disconnected by a suitable switch virally without any delay, there isthe problem that there is insullcient time remaining to rigger eleetromaznet- cally actuated circuit breakers connected downstream, There- {ore only restricted selectivity in the DC power supply sys- tem can be achieved BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Its therefore the object ofthe present invention to provide ‘ protection device and a switchgear assembly having sueh protection devices, with Which itis possible o safely contol the short-circuit current occurring in the event of a short circuit in a highenerey DC power supply system, with it being possible to avoid the above-described problems. This objects scheved by a shor cireut protection device and various advantageous configurations ofthe protection Uevice as claimed. A switchgear assembly with such protec- ‘ion devices and various advantageous configurations ofthe switchgear assembly are the subject mater othe claims. ‘A short circuit protection device aecording tothe invention {orlimiting, preferably also disconnecting, short-circuit cur rents in high-enenzy DC power supply systems, in particular shovtcireit currents of battery systems in submarine DC power supply systems, comprises ‘an electrical resistance, in particular an ohmic resistance, for guiding and limiting the shor-cireuit curent inthe event ofa short circuit, ‘frst switch, whichis connected in parallel with the resi tance, for bypassing the wsistance when there is no short cireuit inthe power supply system, and ‘a monitoring and control device fr monitoring the current ‘through the switeh and for opening the switeh when the ccurent through the switch exceeds « predetermined Timit value ‘When there ure no short circuits in the power supply sy ‘em, the curent therefore hypasses the electrical resistance. As Soon as the monitoring and control deviee detects short- circuit curent, however, it opens the switch and the current is auided via the resistance. With the aid ofthe resistance, the shortciruit current can be limited in terms of its level, its femporal effectiveness and possibly also its rise (gradien!), ‘with the result that protection elements connected down: orexample, can trip safely Desired selectivity inthe ripping of downstream protection elements in the DC power supply system is thorefore possible, wherein suitable dimensioning ofthe resistance ean ensure thatthe permissible disconnee- ‘ion currents or energies ofthese protection elements are not exceeded, ‘he total current forming in the event of a short circuit in the DC power supply system is therefore limited to defined ‘overcurrent Instead ofan “uncontrolled short eireuit, there is thorefore a “controlled and defined overload” Inthis ease, the electrical resistance can comprise single resistance or else a plurality of resistances. In principle, given suitable dimensioning and parameter- ‘nation the protection devieeeaa be used not only for limiting US 8,842,404 B2 3 shortcireuit currents, but als fr limiting other, n particular ‘operationally dependent, overcurrent Particularly rapid switchover of short-cievit current 10 the resistance and consequently particularly rapid imitation ‘ofthe short-ciruit currents possible by Vite ofthe fet that the fint switch is in the form of a power semiconductor switch, Thisisalso characterized by a function fee of contact ‘wearin comparison with » mechanical switch ‘Preferably; the protection device also comprises a second switch for diconocting the current limited by the resistance inthe event ofa shor circuit. With the aid ofthis switeh, the ‘current guided via the resistance ean be limited temporally ‘and therefore the resistance and downstream protection ele ments ean be protected against an overload The second stitch ean inthis case be connected in series with heresistance. Downstream switehescanthen be discon nected in the curentlss state and, asa result, can be contigs tured asa contactor, for example “Altematively, the second switch can also be connected in series wih the parallel eicuit comprising the resistance and the fist switch Preferably, the second switch is also inthe Form of poser semicondctor switch. Particularly safe temporal imitation ofthe curent guided via the resistance and therefore protection ofthe resistance ‘and downstream protection elements against an overload is possible by virtue of the fact that the protection device com priv a monitoring and contol deviee for monitoring the ‘duration ofa eurent through the second switch and for open- ing the socond switch when the duration excoods a prodeter- ‘ined limit value Por use of the protection device between a battery and a load, said protection device advantageously comprises 2 ‘diode, whieh is connected in parallel with the power sea ‘conductor switch, the diode being polarizedin such away tat its forward direction is opposite te forward direction of the power semiconductor switch, The discharge current of the battery ean then flow vi the power semiconductor switeh and the charge current ofthe battery ean then flow via the diode. 'By virme of a switch connected in series with the diode, a ‘current Hlow inthe forward direction throug the diode can be prevented, and this current flow can be forced via the ress- tance instead. This can be used, for example, for eurrent- Timited energy exchange between individual batteries or bat- ery strings alter disconnection and subsequent reconnection thereat "A switchgear assembly according othe invention for Him= iting and disconnecting short-circuit currents in high-energy DC power supply systems, in particular short-circuit currents ‘of hattery systems in submarine DC power supply systems, ‘comprises plurality of sbove-explsined protection devices ‘connected in parallel and at least one protection andor ‘witching clement, which is connected downstream of these protection devices, the esstances of the protection devices being dimensioned in such a way that, in the event ofa short cirtit, total current, which is formed by the sum of the ‘currents flowing through the resistances and flows through the protection andor switching element, tris the protection and/or switching element. As a result selectivity in terms of tripping of various proteetion andor switching elements is possible Preferably; the switchgear assembly serves to limit and disconnect short-circuit currents of high-povker battery sys= tems, in particular in submarine DC power supply systems, the high-power battery comprising a plurality of battery strings, connected in parallel, of high-power battery cells ‘connected in series, the battery strings being eonnected indi- 0 o 4 vidually or in groups to the DC power supply system via a respoctive connecting conductor, and each of the stings hav= ‘ng the system voltage the DC power supply system. Inthis case, the switchgear assembly has a respective protection ‘evie foreach o the connecting conductors. Tithe protection devicein this case eomprives first switch in the form of a power semiconductor switch aod a diode ‘whieh i connectot in parallel with the power semiconductor switeh, the diode being polarized in such a way that its for ward direction is opposite the forward direction ofthe poser semiconductor switch, itis preferable forthe power semiicon- ‘ductor soit fo be polarized in such a way Uti allows the ‘schange current of the alley string or the group of battery Strings fo passthrough, and the diode is polarize in such ‘way that tallows the charge current ofthe battery ting orthe 0p of battery stings to passthrough Ta accordance witha particularly advantageous configura: ‘ion, inthis case the protection deviees are cach of the same {ype in standardized fashion. Its therefore possible to con- figure all of the battery strings or groups of battery strings connected in parallel and the protection devices connected ‘thereto tobe dential, with the esultthat the “controlled and defined overload” is distributed uniformly overall of the available (intaed battery strings in the event ofa short circuit. Tn a particularly advantagoous manner, the design andor parameterization of the protection deviees is performed in Such a way that fewer than the rated number ofall of the Dattery strings in total ean produce a suliciently high over creat for tipping of dowastream protection andor switeh- {ng elements. Ih the event of failure of any individual battery strings, thee ie then still sulficicat total overcurrent available to ensure the required selectivity inthe event of ashor circuit in the power supply system, ‘By virtue of the limitation seconding to the invention ofthe short-ciruit current o a defined overcurrent, in addition the ‘energy released in the event ofa disconnection operation in each battery string from inductances though which currents flowing becomes significantly lower than inthe uninfluenced short cireuit case; with the solution according tothe iaven- ‘ion, the energy released durin the disconnection operation can, owing 10 the now limited overcurent, be stored (lor ‘example charged to capacitor) andor “dissipate”, e.con- verted into heat (for example ina varistor), in a Felaively simple manner, This simplifies the dimensioning andior physical size of the surge protectors generally required for emiondictor switches considerably: ‘Owing o the overcurret limitation aceording othe inven tion provided foreach battery string or each group of battery ‘rings, the total overcurrent in the DC power supply syste js alo limited in terms of magnitude, with the result that downstream protection andioe switching devices, in parien- Jar elecromagnetically actuated circuit breakers and minia- ture circuit breakers, are relieved of load to a significant ‘extent during theirowa disconnection operation in the course ofthe selective clearance of shor circuits, ‘Tae application of the invention preferably consists in DC power supply systems. In principle, however, it can also be ted in AC power supply systems. The invention and advantageous configurations of the invention wil be explained in more detail below with eer ence to exemplary embodiments in the figures, in whieh BRIPP DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING FIG. 1 shows abasic illustration of a first embodiment of protection device according tothe invention in the operating fase without shoe cireitss US 8,842,404 B2 5 FIG. 2 shows the protection device shown in FIG. 1 inthe ‘event of ashort cieuit, IG, 3 shows a basic illustration ofa socond embodinent ‘ofa protection device according tothe invention; TIG.4 shows a possible maximum configuration ofa pros $ tection device: FIG. 8 shows a configuration ofa protection device whieh jis reduced in comparison with that in FIG. 4 FIG, 6 shows @ reduced configuration of w protection ‘device ag an alternative to that in FIG. 4 TIG. 7 shows a possible minimum configuration ofa pro= tection device: FIG, & shows a swi FIG. 9showsa variant of the protection deviceillutratedin FIG.S. pear assembly according 10 the DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION tration in FIG. Tis connected into connecting conductors 2,3 ‘ofa battery 4 ta DC power supply system 8, The protection ‘device I comprises parallel circuit 6 comprising a fst ine path 7 and a second line path 8. The parallel circuit 6 is ‘connected into the connecting conductor 2 with positive Potential in all ofthe examples illustrated. In principle, the protection device I can also be connected intothe connecting ‘conductor 3 with negative potential or into both connecting ‘conductors 2,3 ‘An ohmie resistance 9 is arrange in the first Line path 7. 50 ‘The resistance 9 serves 10 guide and limit a short-circuit, ‘cureat inthe event ofa short cient. ‘Airs switeh 10, which is prefembly i the form of apowver semiconductor site, is arranged inthe sevond line path 8 The switch 10 serves to bypass the resistance 9 when there 's no short circuit i the power supply system. ‘A, proferably eloctronie, monitoring and control vice 11 serves to monitor the eurent I through the switch 10 and t0 ‘open the switch 10 when the current | through the switch 10 ‘excceds a limit value stored in the monitoring and contol device 11. The monitoring and contol device 11 is designed ‘correspondingly for this purpose. Overcurrent identification takes place in this case by means of » current measuring ‘element 12, which is connected in series with the parallel ‘circuit 6, The monitoring and control device 1 is eonnecied to the current measuring element 12 via a signal line 13 ‘onde to detect the measired current values and is eonnected tothe first swith 10 via contol line 14 inorder to drive the fist switeh 1, ‘By means ofa switch 15, whichis connected in series with the parallel circuit 6 and is arranged inthe connecting con- ‘ductor 2 between the protection device 1 and the power sup- ply system Si. is connevted downstream ofthe protection ‘device Ia current limited by the resistance 9 can be discon- nected in the event of short circuit, The switch 18 i a this ‘case preferably in the form ofa circuit breaker. In the operating state shown in FIG. 1, there is no short

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