Some new Riemann-Liouville fractional integral

inequalities

Jessada Tariboona,1 , Sotiris K. Ntouyasb,2 and Weerawat Sudsutada

a
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Applied Science,
King Mongkuts University of Technology,
North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
E-mail: jessadat@kmutnb.ac.th, wrw.sst@gmail.com
b
Department of Mathematics, University of Ioannina,
451 10 Ioannina, Greece
E-mail: sntouyas@uoi.gr

Abstract

In this paper, some new fractional integral inequalities are established.

Keywords: fractional integral; fractional integral inequalities; Gr

uss inequality

(2010) Mathematics Subject Classications: 26D10; 26A33

1 Introduction
In [2] (see also [3]), the Gr
uss inequality is dened as the integral inequality that
establishes a connection between the integral of the product of two functions and the
product of the integrals. The inequality is as follows:

If f and g are two continuous functions on [a, b] satisfying m f (t) M

and p g(t) P for all t [a, b], m, M, p, P R, then
Z b Z b Z b
1 1 1
f (t)g(t)dt f (t)dt g(t)dt (M m)(P p).
b a (b a)2 a 4
a a

The literature on Gr uss type inequalities is now vast, and many extensions of
the classical inequality were intensively studied by many authors. In the past sev-
eral years, by using the Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals, the fractional integral
inequalities and applications have been addressed extensively by several researchers.
For example, we refer the reader to [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10] and the references
1
Corresponding author
2
Member of Nonlinear Analysis and Applied Mathematics (NAAM)-Research Group at King
Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
2 J. Tariboon, S. K. Ntouyas and W. Sudsutad

cited therein. Dahmani et al. [1] gave the following fractional integral inequalities
by using the Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals. Let f and g be two integrable
functions on [0, ) satisfying the following conditions:

m f (t) M, p g(t) P, m, M, p, P R, t [0, ).

For all t > 0, > 0, > 0, then

2
t t

( + 1) J (f g)(t) J f (t)J g(t) ( + 1) (M m)(P p)

and
2
t t

J (f g)(t) + J (f g)(t) J f (t)J g(t) J f (t)J g(t)

( + 1) ( + 1)
(
t t
M J f (t) J f (t) m
( + 1) ( + 1)
)
t t
+ J f (t) m M J f (t)
( + 1) ( + 1)
(
t t
P J g(t) J g(t) p
( + 1) ( + 1)
)
t t
+ J g(t) p P J g(t) .
( + 1) ( + 1)

In this paper, we use the Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals to establish some

new fractional integral inequalities of Gr
uss type. We replace the constants appeared
as bounds of the functions f and g, by four integrable functions. From our results,
the above inequalities of [1] and the classical Gr uss inequalities can be deduced as
some special cases.
In Section 2 we briey review the necessary denitions. Our results are given in
Section 3. The proof technique is close to that presented in [1]. But the obtained
results are new and also can be applied to unbounded functions as shown in examples.

2 Preliminaries
Denition 2.1. The Riemann-Liouville fractional integral of order 0 of a func-
tion g L1 ((0, ), R) is dened by
Z

t
(t s)1
J f (t) = f (s)ds,
0 ()
Some new Riemann-Liouville fractional integral inequalities 3

and
J 0 f (t) = f (t),

where is the Gamma function.

For the convenience of establishing our results, we give the semigroup property:

J J f (t) = J + f (t), 0, 0,

which implies the commutative property:

J J f (t) = J J f (t).

From Denition 2.1, if f (t) = t , then we have

( + 1) +
J t = t , > 0, > 1, t > 0.
( + + 1)

3 Main Results
Theorem 3.1. Let f be an integrable function on [0, ). Assume that:

(H1 ) There exist two integrable functions 1 , 2 on [0, ) such that

1 (t) f (t) 2 (t) for all t [0, ).

Then, for t > 0, , > 0, we have

J 1 (t)J f (t) + J 2 (t)J f (t) J 2 (t)J 1 (t) + J f (t)J f (t). (3.1)

Proof. From (H1 ), for all 0, 0, we have

(2 ( ) f ( )) (f () 1 ()) 0.

Therefore

2 ( )f () + 1 ()f ( ) 1 ()2 ( ) + f ( )f (). (3.2)

Multiplying both sides of (3.2) by (t )1 /(), (0, t), we get

(t )1 (t )1
f () 2 ( ) + 1 () f ( )
() ()
(t )1 (t )1
1 () 2 ( ) + f () f ( ). (3.3)
() ()
4 J. Tariboon, S. K. Ntouyas and W. Sudsutad

Integrating both sides of (3.3) with respect to on (0, t), we obtain

Z t Z t
(t )1 (t )1
f () 2 ( )d + 1 () f ( )d
0 () 0 ()
Z t Z t
(t )1 (t )1
1 () 2 ( )d + f () f ( )d,
0 () 0 ()
which yields

f ()J 2 (t) + 1 ()J f (t) 1 ()J 2 (t) + f ()J f (t). (3.4)

Multiplying both sides of (3.4) by (t )1 /(), (0, t), we have

(t )1 (t )1
J 2 (t) f () + J f (t) 1 ()
() ()
(t )1 (t )1
J 2 (t) 1 () + J f (t) f (). (3.5)
() ()
Integrating both sides of (3.5) with respect to on (0, t), we get
Z t Z t
(t )1 (t )1
J 2 (t) f ()d + J f (t) 1 ()d
0 () 0 ()
Z t Z t
(t )1 (t )1
J 2 (t)

1 ()d + J f (t) f ()d.
0 () 0 ()
Hence, we deduce inequality (3.1) as requested. This completes the proof.

As a special case of Theorems 3.1, we obtain the following result:

Corollary 3.1. Let f be an integrable function on [0, ) satisfying m f (t) M,

for all t [0, ) and m, M R. Then for t > 0 and , > 0, we have
t t t+
m J f (t) + M J f (t) mM + J f (t)J f (t).
( + 1) ( + 1) ( + 1)( + 1)

Example 3.1. Let f be a function satisfying t f (t) t + 1 for t [0, ). Then

for t > 0 and > 0, we have
+1 +1
2t+1 t t t t
+ J f (t)

+ + (J f (t))2 .
( + 2) ( + 1) ( + 2) ( + 1) ( + 2)

Theorem 3.2. Let f and g be two integrable functions on [0, ). Suppose that (H1 )
holds and moreover we assume that:

(H2 ) There exist 1 and 2 integrable functions on [0, ) such that

1 (t) g(t) 2 (t) for all t [0, ).

Some new Riemann-Liouville fractional integral inequalities 5

Then, for t > 0, , > 0, the following inequalities hold:

(a) J 1 (t)J f (t) + J 2 (t)J g(t) J 1 (t)J 2 (t) + J f (t)J g(t).
(b) J 1 (t)J g(t) + J 2 (t)J f (t) J 1 (t)J 2 (t) + J f (t)J g(t).
(c) J 2 (t)J 2 (t) + J f (t)J g(t) J 2 (t)J g(t) + J 2 (t)J f (t).
(d) J 1 (t)J 1 (t) + J f (t)J g(t) J 1 (t)J g(t) + J 1 (t)J f (t).
Proof. To prove (a), from (H1 ) and (H2 ), we have for t [0, ) that

(2 ( ) f ( )) (g() 1 ()) 0.

Therefore

2 ( )g() + 1 ()f ( ) 1 ()2 ( ) + f ( )g(). (3.6)

Multiplying both sides of (3.6) by (t )1 /(), (0, t), we get

(t )1 (t )1
g() 2 ( ) + 1 () f ( )
() ()
(t )1 (t )1
1 () 2 ( ) + g() f ( ). (3.7)
() ()
Integrating both sides of (3.7) with respect to on (0, t), we obtain
Z t Z t
(t )1 (t )1
g() 2 ( )d + 1 () f ( )d
0 () 0 ()
Z t Z t
(t )1 (t )1
1 () 2 ( )d + g() f ( )d.
0 () 0 ()
Then we have

g()J 2 (t) + 1 ()J f (t) 1 ()J 2 (t) + g()J f (t). (3.8)

Multiplying both sides of (3.8) by (t )1 /(), (0, t), we have

(t )1 (t )1
J 2 (t) g() + J f (t) 1 ()
() ()
(t )1 (t )1
J 2 (t) 1 () + J f (t) g(). (3.9)
() ()
Integrating both sides of (3.9) with respect to on (0, t), we get the desired inequality
(a).
To prove (b)-(d), we use the following inequalities
(b) (2 ( ) g( )) (f () 1 ()) 0.
(c) (2 ( ) f ( )) (g() 2 ()) 0.
(d) (1 ( ) f ( )) (g() 1 ()) 0.

As a special case of Theorem 3.2, we have the following Corollary.

6 J. Tariboon, S. K. Ntouyas and W. Sudsutad

Corollary 3.2. Let f and g be two integrable functions on [0, ). Assume that:

(H3 ) There exist real constants m, M, n, N such that

m f (t) M and n g(t) N for all t [0, ).

Then, for t > 0, , > 0, we have

nt M t nM t+
(a1 ) J f (t) + J g(t) + J f (t)J g(t).
( + 1) ( + 1) ( + 1)( + 1)
mt N t
mN t+
(b1 ) J g(t) + J f (t) + J f (t)J g(t).
( + 1) ( + 1) ( + 1)( + 1)
M N t+ M t N t
(c1 ) + J f (t)J g(t) J g(t) + J f (t).
( + 1)( + 1) ( + 1) ( + 1)
mnt+ mt nt
(d1 ) + J f (t)J g(t) J g(t) + J f (t).
( + 1)( + 1) ( + 1) ( + 1)

Lemma 3.1. Let f be an integrable function on [0, ) and 1 , 2 are two integrable
functions on [0, ). Assume that the condition (H1 ) holds. Then, for t > 0, > 0,
we have
t
(+1)
J f 2 (t) (J f (t))2 = (J 2 (t) J f (t)) (J f (t) J 1 (t))
t
J ((2 (t) f (t))(f (t) 1 (t)))
( + 1)
t
+ J 1 f (t) J 1 (t)J f (t) (3.10)
( + 1)
t
+ J 2 f (t) J 2 (t)J f (t)
( + 1)
t
+J 1 (t)J 2 (t) J 1 2 (t).
( + 1)

Proof. For any > 0 and > 0, we have

(2 () f ()) (f ( ) 1 ( )) + (2 ( ) f ( )) (f () 1 ())
(2 ( ) f ( )) (f ( ) 1 ( )) (2 () f ()) (f () 1 ())
= f 2 ( ) + f 2 () 2f ( )f () + 2 ()f ( ) + 1 ( )f () 1 ( )2 ()
+ 2 ( )f () + 1 ()f ( ) 1 ()2 ( ) 2 ( )f ( ) + 1 ( )2 ( )
1 ( )f ( ) 2 ()f () + 1 ()2 () 1 ()f (). (3.11)

Multiplying (3.11) by (t )1 /(), (0, t), t > 0 and integrating the resulting
identity with respect to from 0 to t, we get

(2 () f ()) (J f (t) J 1 (t)) + (J 2 (t) J f (t)) (f () 1 ())

Some new Riemann-Liouville fractional integral inequalities 7

t
J ((2 (t) f (t)) (f (t) 1 (t))) (2 () f ()) (f () 1 ())
( + 1)
t
= J f 2 (t) + f 2 () 2f ()J f (t) + 2 ()J f (t) + f ()J 1 (t)
( + 1)
2 ()J 1 (t) + f ()J 2 (t) + 1 ()J f (t) 1 ()J 2 (t) J 2 f (t)
t t
+ J 1 2 (t) J 1 f (t) 2 ()f () + 1 ()2 ()
( + 1) ( + 1)
t
1 ()f () . (3.12)
( + 1)

Multiplying (3.12) by (t )1 /(), (0, t), t > 0 and integrating the resulting
identity with respect to from 0 to t, we have

(J 2 (t) J f (t)) (J f (t) J 1 (t)) + (J 2 (t) J f (t)) (J f (t) J 1 (t))

t
J ((2 (t) f (t)) (f (t) 1 (t)))

( + 1)
t
J ((2 (t) f (t)) (f (t) 1 (t)))
( + 1)

t t
= J f 2 (t) + J f 2 (t) 2J f (t)J f (t) + J 2 (t)J f (t)
( + 1) ( + 1)
+ J 1 (t)J f (t) J 1 (t)J 2 (t) + J 2 (t)J f (t) + J 1 (t)J f (t)
t t
J 1 (t)J 2 (t) J 2 f (t) + J 1 2 (t)
( + 1) ( + 1)
t t t
J 1 f (t)

J 2 f (t) + J 1 2 (t)
( + 1) ( + 1) ( + 1)
t
J 1 f (t), (3.13)
( + 1)

which implies (3.10).

If 1 (t) m and 2 (t) M , m, M R, for all t [0, ), then inequality (3.10)

reduces to the following corollary [1, Lemma 3.2].

Corollary 3.3. Let f be an integrable function on [0, ) satisfying m f (t) M,

for all t [0, ). The for all t > 0, > 0 we have

t
J f 2 (t) (J f (t))2
( + 1)

t t
= M J f (t)

J f (t) m

(3.14)
( + 1) ( + 1)
t
J ((M f (t))(f (t) m)) .
( + 1)
8 J. Tariboon, S. K. Ntouyas and W. Sudsutad

Theorem 3.3. Let f and g be two integrable functions on [0, ) and 1 , 2 , 1 and
2 are four integrable functions on [0, ) satisfying the conditions (H1 ) and (H2 ) on
[0, ). Then for all t > 0, > 0, we have

t p

( + 1) J f g(t) J f (t)J g(t) T (f, 1 , 2 )T (g, 1 , 2 ),

(3.15)

where T (u, v, w) is dened by

T (u, v, w) = (J w(t) J u(t)) (J u(t) J v(t))

t
+ J vu(t) J v(t)J u(t)
( + 1)
t
+ J wu(t) J w(t)J u(t)
( + 1)
t
+ J v(t)J w(t) J vw(t). (3.16)
( + 1)
Proof. Let f and g be two integrable functions dened on [0, ) satisfying (H1 ) and
(H2 ). Dene

H(, ) := (f ( ) f ()) (g( ) g()) , , (0, t), t > 0. (3.17)

Multiplying both sides of (3.17) by (t )1 (t )1 /2 (), , (0, t) and

integrating the resulting identity with respect to and from 0 to t, we can state
that
Z tZ t
1
(t )1 (t )1 H(, )d d
22 () 0 0
t
= J f g(t) J f (t)J g(t). (3.18)
( + 1)
Applying the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality to (3.18), we have
2
t
J f g(t) J f (t)J g(t)

( + 1)

t t
J f (t) (J f (t))
2 2
J g (t) (J g(t)) . (3.19)
2 2
( + 1) ( + 1)
Since (2 (t)f (t))(f (t)1 (t)) 0 and (2 (t)g(t))(g(t)1 (t)) 0 for t [0, ),
we have
t
J ((2 (t) f (t))(f (t) 1 (t))) 0
( + 1)
and
t
J ((2 (t) g(t))(g(t) 1 (t))) 0.
( + 1)
Some new Riemann-Liouville fractional integral inequalities 9

Thus, from Lemma 3.1, we get

t
J f 2 (t) (J f (t))2 (J 2 (t) J f (t)) (J f (t) J 1 (t))
( + 1)
t
+ J 1 f (t) J 1 (t)J f (t)
( + 1)
t
+ J 2 f (t) J 2 (t)J f (t)
( + 1)
t
+J 1 (t)J 2 (t) J 1 2 (t)
( + 1)
= T (f, 1 , 2 ), (3.20)

and
t
J g 2 (t) (J g(t))2 (J 2 (t) J g(t)) (J g(t) J 1 (t))
( + 1)
t
+ J 1 g(t) J 1 (t)J g(t)
( + 1)
t
+ J 2 g(t) J 2 (t)J g(t)
( + 1)
t
+J 1 (t)J 2 (t) J 1 2 (t)
( + 1)
= T (g, 1 , 2 ). (3.21)

From (3.19), (3.20) and (3.21), we obtain (3.15).

Remark 3.1. If T (f, 1 , 2 ) = T (f, m, M ) and T (g, 1 , 2 ) = T (g, p, P ), m, M, p, P

R then inequality (3.15) reduces to
2
t t

( + 1) J f g(t) J f (t)J g(t) 2( + 1) (M m)(P p),

(3.22)

see [1, Theorem 3.1].

Example 3.2. Let f and g be two functions satisfying t f (t) t + 1 and t 1

g(t) t for t [0, ). Then for t > 0 and > 0, we have

t p
J
f g(t) J
f (t)J
g(t) T (f, t, t + 1)T (g, t 1, t),
( + 1)

where

t+1 t t+1
T (f, t, t + 1) = + J f (t)

J f (t)

( + 2) ( + 1) ( + 2)
+1
t t
+ J (tf )(t) J f (t)
( + 1) ( + 2)
10 J. Tariboon, S. K. Ntouyas and W. Sudsutad
+1
t t t
+ J ((t + 1)f )(t)

+ J f (t)
( + 1) ( + 2) ( + 1)
+1 +1
t t t
+ +
( + 2) ( + 2) ( + 1)

t 2t+2 t+1
+ ,
( + 1) ( + 3) ( + 2)
and

t+1 t+1 t
T (g, t 1, t) = J g(t)

J g(t)

+
( + 2) ( + 2) ( + 1)
+1
t t t
+ J ((t 1)g)(t)

J g(t)
( + 1) ( + 2) ( + 1)
+1
t t
+ J (tg)(t)

J g(t)
( + 1) ( + 2)
+1 +1
t t t
+
( + 2) ( + 1) ( + 2)

+2 +1

t 2t t
.
( + 1) ( + 3) ( + 2)

Conict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conict of interests regarding the publication of
this article.

Acknowledgement:
This research was funded by King Mongkuts University of Technology North Bangkok,
Thailand. Project Code: KMUTNB-GRAD-56-02.

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