Mud and the products of coagulation may accumulate on the

filter surface, forming a dense mat. During filtration and as washing

begins, there is lateral pressure within the bed which tends to
compact these deposit and as the filter begins to expand, form
them into lumps or balls.
Sand incrustation may result in water softening plant in which
inadequate stabilization of the treated water is provided. If the
water is supersaturated with calcium carbonate enters the filters,
the mineral may come out of the solution, coating individual grains
and cementing them together.
Filters following iron and manganese oxidation-precipitation
processes may serve as a role for growth of autotrophic bacteria
which obtain their energy by reducing the metals in the influent.
The reduction of the metals result in their redissolution and a
subsequent deterioration of water quality.