TOWING

Considerations
Towing configurations
Choice of towing lines
Towing velocity
Effect of propeller race
Static and dynamic loads in towing line
Directional stability of towed structure

1
 Heidrun tow. Inshore

2
 Heidrun tow offshore

3
 Tugs

4
 Towline layouts

5
 Key features for towing lines.

Breakload
Elasticity (Force -elongation characteristics)
Weight
Damping (hysteresis during cyclic loading)
Abrasion and corrosion resistance.
Practical handling properties.

6
 Towing lines

7
 Ratio between MBL (minimum breaking load) and
BP (Bollard pull) for towing lines. (DNV)

8
 Line characteristics

9
 Rope constructions

10
 Offshore towing.
Example:
Large floater
M : 100000 tons
M + A11 : 200000 tons

Tug:
Mt : 5000 tons
Mt+A11t : 5500 tons
Bollard pull : 2000 kN

Maximum acceleration:

amax = 2*106 N /(2*108 kg) = 0.01m/sec2

11 Or: 0 - 1 m/sec in about 100 sec

 Mean towing force
Line resistance
Towing resistance

Net towing force

12
 Effect of propeller race

Towed
object
Tug
y T Fx
x

ux1 ux2
n1 n2

13
 Similarity: Turbulent jet

K2
Um (x) =
x

14 r 0.5(x) = K 1x
 Experimental results
Um (x) = U 0 1
0.89 + 0.149 Dx

r =U
U r0.5 1
m 2 2
r
1 + 0.4142 r05

r0.5 (x)
15 = 0.39 + 0.0875 x
D D