Professional Documents
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Fiskalna Politika EU
Fiskalna Politika EU
Pravni sistem EU
Ugovorom iz Rima ustanovljen je Sud pravde EU, a Sud je stvorio pravni sistem
EU
Pravo EU je sada zbir ogromnog broja zakona, pravila i prakticnih slucajeva definisanih
Ugovorima (primarno pravo) zakonima EU (sekundarno pravo) i odlukama Suda
(precedentno pravo).
Primat prava EU nacionalni sud moze da suspenduje (nacionalni) zakon koji nije
u skladu sa pravom EZ
Zakonodavni proces
Evropska komisija gotovo ima monopol u iniciranju procesa donosenja odluka u EU;
zaduzena je za pisanje prijedloga zakonskih akata
Institucije
Europski parlament
Evropsko vijee
Evropska komisija
Sud pravde
Fiskalna politka
Anticiklino djelovanje
Asimetrini okovi
Zar ne bi efekat bio isti kad bi pojedinci i preduzeca poduzimali iste operacije?
Zasto je onda potrebna drzava za ove operacije?
Prelivanje
Zasto neodrziv javni dug jedne zemlje clanice Eurozone predstavlja problem za
cijelu Eurozonu?
Fiskalni federalizam
Eksternalije
Asimetrinost informacija
Princip supsidijarnosti
Fiskalni sistem EU
Budet EU
Odredbe iz Ugovora
Sekundarno zakonodavstvo
Uredbe
Institucionalni aranmani
unutar EU
no-bail-out klauzula
Prekomjerni deficit
Izuzetne okolnosti
Preventivne mjere
Korektivne mjere
Rano upozorenje
Kazne
Preveliki deficiti i javni dugovi zemalja clanica mogu uticati na rast kamatnih
stopa u drugim zemljama clanicama EMU sto moze takodjer uticati na
cjenovnu stabilnost
Politiki aspekt
Sporazum o fiskalnoj stabilnosti (the Fiscal Compact ili the Fiscal Stability Treaty)
potpisale su zemlje lanice Evropske unije 02.03.2012. izuzev Velike Britanije koja
se protivi bilo kakvom zajednikom voenju fiskalne politike na supranacionalnom
nivou
U 2007 u EU dug je inio oko 59% GDP-a, u 2010 taj odnos u EU iznosi 80%
Neke zemlje lanice su prije ekonomske i finansijske krize bile na relativno niskom
nivou zaduenosti, koji su usljed krize doivjeli znaajan porast (Irska, panija,
Latvija, Litvanija, Velika Britanija)
Dug Italije je prevazilazio 100% GDP-a prije poetka finansijske krize nakon koje je i
dalje rastao
From 2011 to 2013 and (more slowly) in 2014, sizeable consolidation was
implemented in the euro area and the EU as a whole. This reduced markedly the
structural deficit in the EU from 4.6 % of GDP in 2010 to 1.7 % in 2014 and in the
euro area from 4.3 % to 1.0 %. In the same period, headline deficit ratios
also fell considerably, by around 3.5 % of GDP, to 3.0 % in the EU and 2.6
% in the euro area in 2014.
In 2015, the government deficit and debt of both the euro area (EA19) and the
EU28 decreased in relative terms compared with 2014. In the euro area the
government deficit to GDP ratio fell from 2.6% in 2014 to 2.1% in 2015, and in
the EU28 from 3.0% to 2.4%.
At aggregate level, the debt ratio is set to start declining after having peaked in
2014, thanks to past efforts and a favourable snowball effect
In the euro area the government debt to GDP ratio declined from 92.0% at
the end of 2014 to 90.4% at the end of 2015, and in the EU28 from 86.7%
to 85.0%.
In the EU as a whole, the expected decline in the debt ratio in 2016 is driven
entirely by a smaller snowball effect, which combines the impact of lower
interest expenditure and higher nominal GDP growth, partly offset by some
stock-flow adjustments
Fiskalni federalizam u EU
Naelo supsidijarnosti
Racionalizacija zakonodavstva
Korupcija
Fiskalni federalizam u EU
Fleksibilna integracija
Alokacijska funkcija u EU
Poljoprivredna politika
Izgradnja infrastrukture
Redistribucijska funkcija u EU
Ostvaruje se kroz etiri Strukturna fonda i jedan Kohezijski fond - pomo manje
razvijenim regijama (infrastruktura, ljudski faktor, poljoprivreda...)
Stabilizacijska funkcija u EU
Mali budet EU
Politika osjetljivost
Fiskalna decentralizacija u EU
Budet EU
Unlike national budgets the EU budget does not fund defense expenditure or social
protection, but is mostly investment spending. For example, as the
development of an effective transport network is essential to a successful
economy, the EU contributed HRK 219.3 million (EUR 28.8 million) to modernize a
Croatian section of the Zagreb to Belgrade railway.
Postupak donoenja
Ultimate responsibility for implementing the budget lies with the European
Commission. But in practice, some 80% of the budget is spent under what is
known as 'shared management', with individual EU countries actually distributing
funds and managing expenditure.
Implementacija budzeta
Prihodi budeta EU
EU ima vlastite prihode, ali nema pravo samostalnog stvaranja novih vlastitih
prihoda
Tradicionalna vlastita sredstva: uvozne carine na robu koja dolazi izvan EU. EU
zemlje lanice zadravaju 25% prikupljenih prihoda
Rashodi budeta EU
Meuinstitucionalni sporazum
The MFF is not the budget of the EU for seven years. It provides a
framework for financial programming and budgetary discipline by ensuring
that EU spending is predictable and stays within the agreed limits. It also allows the
EU to carry out common policies over a period that is long enough to make them
effective. This long term vision is important for potential beneficiaries of EU funds,
co-financing authorities as well as national treasuries.
MFF
For the period 2014-2020, the MFF sets a maximum amount of EUR 960 billion for
commitment appropriations and EUR 908 billion for payment appropriations. The
MFF 2014-20 is divided into six categories of expense ('headings') corresponding to
different areas of EU activities:
Security and citizenship: includes justice and home affairs, border protection,
immigration and asylum policy, public health, consumer protection, culture, youth,
information and dialogue with citizens.
Global Europe: covers all external action ('foreign policy') by the EU such as
development assistance or humanitarian aid with the exception of the European
Development Fund (EDF) which provides aid for development cooperation with
African, Caribbean and Pacific countries, as well as overseas countries and
territories. As it is not funded from the EU budget but from direct contributions
from EU Member States, the EDF does not fall under the MFF.
MFF 2014-2020
Cosme (aims to make it easier for SMEs to access finance in all phases of their
lifecycle)
Cohesion
Strukturne operacije
Cilj: postizanje socijalne i ekonomske kohezije (za rast i zaposlenost) u EU
Strukturni fondovi
Kohezijski fond
Pet glavnih fondova rade zajedno na podravanju privrednog razvoja drava EU, u
skladu s ciljevima strategije Europa 2020.:
Svaka regija EU moe imati koristi od ERDF-a i ESF-a. Meutim, samo manje
razvijene regije mogu dobiti potporu iz Kohezijskog fonda.
Europski fond za regionalni razvoj (ERDF)
Inovacija i istraivanje;
Digitalni program;
Ulaganja ESF-a obuhvaaju sve regije EU-a. Vie od 80 milijardi eura namijenjeno je
za ulaganja u ljudske resurse u dravama lanicama izmeu 2014. i 2020., a jo je
najmanje 3,2 milijarde dodijeljeno Inicijativi za zapoljavanje mladih.
Kohezijski fond
okoli
With over 56 % of the population in the 27 Member States of the European Union (EU)
living in rural areas, which cover 91 % of the territory, rural development is a vitally
important policy area. Farming and forestry remain crucial for land use and the
management of natural resources in the EU's rural areas, and as a platform for
economic diversification in rural communities. The strengthening of EU rural
development policy is, therefore, an overall EU priority.
The EUs rural development policy helps the rural areas of the EU to meet the wide
range of economic, environmental and social challenges of the 21st century.
Frequently called "the second pillar of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), it
complements the system of direct payments to farmers and measures to manage
agricultural markets (the so-called "first pillar").
The Common Fisheries Policy (CFP)
The CFP is a set of rules for managing European fishing fleets and for conserving fish
stocks. Designed to manage a common resource, it gives all European fishing fleets
equal access to EU waters and fishing grounds and allows fishermen to compete fairly.
Stocks may be renewable, but they are finite. Some of these fishing stocks, however,
are being overfished. As a result, EU countries have taken action to ensure the
European fishing industry is sustainable and does not threaten the fish population size
and productivity over the long term.
The CFP was first introduced in the 1970s and went through successive updates, the
most recent of which took effect on 1 January 2014.
Sustainable growth
Poljoprivreda politika
The common agricultural policy has undergone a major reform, whereby its share
of the EU budget has fallen from 70% in 1985 to around 40% today, and is set to
continue falling to 33% in 2020. A new reform which came into force in 2014
further strengthens European agricultural competitiveness, making it more
environmentally friendly and reducing the gap for countries receiving less money
than the EU average.
food security
looking after the countryside across the EU and keeping the rural
economy alive;
Global Europe
Common Foreign and Security Policy (the role of the EU's foreign and security
policy is to preserve peace and strengthen international security; to promote
international cooperation; and to develop and consolidate democracy, the rule of
law and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms)
Development Cooperation Instrument (focuses on combating poverty in developing
countries)
Vanjske aktivnosti
Rural development.
From January 2007 onwards, the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)
replaces a series of European Union programmes and financial instruments for
candidate countries or potential candidate countries, namely PHARE, PHARE CBC,
ISPA, SAPARD, CARDS and the financial instrument for Turkey.
Administrativni trokovi
Security ad citizenship
Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (focuses on people flows and the
integrated management of migration.)
Pomoc izbjeglicama