Tính Toán Kiểm Tra Nhiệt Nhà Máy Nhiệt Điện Chu Trình Hỗn Hợp - Trường Đại Học Bách Khoa Đà Nẵng

EBOOKBKMT.
COM Cng ng chia s ti liu hc tp
Li ni u
p ng tng trng kinh t cao trong giai on hin nay cng nh m bo
an ninh nng lng cn pht trin mnh vic sn xut in ni chung v cc nh my
nhit in ni ring
Nh my nhit in chu trnh hn hp (Combined cycles power plant CCPP)

ra i trong nhng nm gn y, vi cng ngh tin n pht trin nhanh chng v
c chuyn giao khp th gii. Quy hoch pht trin in lc quc gia giai on 2006
2015 c xt n 2025, Chnh ph cng u tin pht trin loi nh my in ny.
V vy cn phi nh gi mt cch ton din v Nh my nhit in chu trnh

hn hp xy dng hp l v khai thc ti a hiu qu ca n. Xut pht t yu cu
ti c giao nhim v cho n Tt nghip l Tnh Ton Kim Tra Nhit Nh
My Nhit in Chu Trnh Hn Hp nh gi hiu sut nhit ca n.
Bng n lc bn thn cng vi s hng dn tn tnh ca TS Trn Thanh Sn

v cc K s cc nh my in C Mau 1, Ph M 3, ti hon thnh ti vi cc
phn chnh sau:
- Chng 1: Khi qut chung
- Chng 2: Nguyn l nhit ng chu trnh hn hp trong nh my nhit in
- Chng 3: Cc thnh phn thit b chnh ca nh my nhit in CCPP
- Chng 4: Tnh ton kim tra nhit nh my nhit in C Mau 1
Do thi gian hn ch, cng nh kin thc cn khim khuyt nn khng th

trnh khi sai st. Rt mong c s ch dy, gp ca thy c v cc anh ch ti
ngy mt hon thin hn
Li cui ti chn thnh cm n thy Trn Thanh Sn, cng cc thy c gio
trong khoa Cng Ngh Nhit-in Lnh gip ti hon thnh n ny!
Nng, thng 5 nm 2008
Sinh vin: L Hong Minh
SVTH:L Hong Minh - Lp 03N1 Khoa Cng Ngh Nhit-in Lnh
GVHD: TS Trn Thanh Sn Trang 1

EBOOKBKMT.COM Cng ng chia s ti liu hc tp
Chng 1
Gii thiu chung

1.1 Gii thiu v in nng

Nng lng in ngy cng ng vai tr quan trng trn th gii, l nhu cu
khng th thiu cho x hi pht trin. Da vo kh nng sn sut v tiu th in
nng m ta c th nh gi c phn no v s pht trin ca nn cng nghip
nc . in nng c sn xut theo nhiu cch khc nhau v tu theo loi
nng lng chuyn ho thnh in nng m ngi ta chia ra cc loi nh my in
nh:
- Nh my nhit in
- Nh my thu in
- Nh my in nguyn t
- Nh my phong in (dng sc gi)
- Nh my in nng lng mt tri
Hin nay ph bin nht l nh my nhit in nhit nng khi t cc nhin

liu hu c nh: than, du, kh tc bin i thnh in nng. Trn th gii hin
nay 70% lng in c sn xut bi cc nh my nhit in. Ring Vit Nam
lng in nng do cc nh my nhit in sn xut ra cng chim hn 55 % lng
in ton quc. nhng cn ph thc vo ngun nhin liu d tr sn c, iu kin
kinh t cng nh s pht trin ca khoa hc k thut.
Trong nhng thp k gn y nhu cu v nhin liu lng trong cng nghip,
giao thng vn ti v sinh ht ngy cng tng, trong khi tr lng cc m du ang
gim dn. Do ngi ta hn ch dng nhin liu lng cho cc nh my nhit in,
m ch yu sa dng nhin liu rn v nhin liu kh lm nhng nhin liu chnh ca
nh my nhit in.

1.2 Phn loi nh my nhit in

Nh my nhit in t nhin liu hu c c th chia ra cc loi sau:
Phn loi theo nhin liu s dng:
- Nh my t nhin liu rn
- Nh my t nhin liu lng
- Nh my t nhin liu kh
- Nh my t hai hoc ba laoi nhin liu trn (hn hp)
Phn loi theo tuabin my pht:
- Nh my nhit in tuabin hi
- Nh my nhit in tuabin kh
- Nh my nhit in chu trnh hn hp tuabin kh-hi
Phn loi theo dng nng lng c cp i:
- Nh my nhit in ngng hi: ch sn xut in
- Trung tm nhit in: cung cp c in v nhit
Phn loi theo kt cu cng ngh
- Nh my nhit in kiu khi
- Nh my nhit in kiu khng khi
Phn loi theo tnh cht mang ti
- Nh my nhit in ph ti gc, c s gi s dng cng sut t hn

5.103 gi
- Nh my nhit in ph ti gia, c s gi s dng cng sut t

khong (3 4).103 gi
- Nh my nhit in ph ti nh, c s gi s dng cng sut t

khong 1500 gi

1.3 Khi qut chung v nh my nhit in chu trnh hn hp

tuabin kh - hi
Cc ti liu khoa hc thng a ra ngh kt hp hai hay nhiu chu trnh
nhit vi nhau trong mt nh my nhit in, vi mc ch lm tng hiu sut so vi
cc chu trnh n. V mt l thuyt hiu sut nhit khi kt hp cc qu trnh nhit vi
nhau d chng c hot ng trong cng iu kin lm vic hoc khc nhau hay khng.
Tuy nhin s kt hp gia cc chu trnh c iu kin lm vic lm vic khc nhau
thng c quan tm nhiu hn v thun li ca chng l c th b sung cho nhau.
Thng thng cc chu trnh c t u v cui ca chu trnh chung.

Chu trnh u l chu trnh u tin m hu nh nhit lng c cp chu trnh ny,
nhit thi ca n sinh ra c s dng cho qu trnh k tip c nhit lm vic thp
hn v th c th gi l chu trnh cui.
Vic chn la hp l iu kin lm vic gip to ra kh nng mt chu trnh ton

din vi cc qu trnh nhit ng ti u ca nhit lng di nhit cao v nhit
tha trao i mi trng mc nhit thp nht c th c. Thng chu trnh u v
chu trnh cui i theo cp trong mt b (h thng) bin i nhit.
Quay tr li hin ti ch mt chu trnh hn hp c cng nhn rng ri nhiu

ni l nh my nhit in hn hp tuabin kh/ tuabin hi. Bi v nh my loi ny
s dng c hu ht cc nhin liu ha thch (c bit l nhin liu lng hoc kh).
Hnh v 1 s n gin cho vic lp t mt h thng loi ny, trong mt chu
trnh m tuabin kh km theo sau bi mt qu trnh hi. Nhit tha t tuabin kh c
dng sn sinh hi cp cho tuabin hi.

Hnh 1.1: S n gin h thng nh my nhit in chu trnh hn hp tuabin

kh-hi
1 My nn 2 Tuabin kh
3 Thit b sinh hi 4 Tuabin hi
5 - Thit b ngng t 6 - Ca cp nhin liu tuabin kh

Nhng kiu kt hp khc c th c ng dng nh l qu trnh bay hi thy

ngn, hoc chu trnh bay hi , hp th nc trong dung mi hp ph (dung dch kim
loi Li/Br) hay hi NH3.
- Qu trnh bay hi thy ngn thi khng cn ng dng nhiu k t khi nh

my nhit in hi i lu t c hiu sut cao hn n.
- Mi cht hp ph hay hi amoniac th c nhng u im hn so vi nc

di nhit thp nh thit b gn hn, khng gy m t. Tuy nhin chng
c nhc im l vn u t t, nh hng ti mi trng .v.v. l tr ngi
ln thay th cho qu trnh hi trong chu trnh hn hp ca nh my nhit
in.
Chng ta i n kt lun rng phng n kt hp mt chu trnh m ca tuabin

kh vi mt chu trnh nc/hi th c hiu qu nht. Tt nhin mt s trng hp p
dng c bit c th s dng ring mi chu trnh tuabin kh trong ngn hn.
Hai l do chnh chu trnh hn hp tuabin kh/ tuabin hi dc p dng rng

ri hn so vi cc chu trnh hn hp khc trong nh my nhit in.
- S dng chnh cc thit b c sn trong nh my nhit in vn hnh chu

trnh n. V th tit kim c vn u t
- Khng kh l mt mi cht tng i an ton, sch v r c th c s dng

trong cc tuabin kh hin i c mc nhit cao hn (>10000C). V th cung cp
c iu kin ti u cho chu trnh u.
Ngoi ra qu trnh hi s dng nc cng l mi cht kinh t v d kim, nhng

nn dng phm vi nhit trung bnh v thp. Nhit nhit tha t tuabin kh hin
i ngy nay rt thun li cho qu trnh hi. V l hon ton c l khi s dng qu
trnh hi lm chu trnh cui. Tht ra trong lch s pht trin tuabin kh cp n
vic kt hp tuabin kh/ tuabin hi nhng ng dng mt cch rng ri ch mi nhng
nm gn y khi tuabin kh t c nhit vo t c gi tr c th to ra mt
hiu sut chu trnh kh cao.

Ngy nay tng cng sut ci t ca cc nh my nhit in chu trnh hn hp

tuabin kh/ tuabin hi trn ton b th gii trn 30.000 MW (1997), v ang tng rt
nhanh hng ngy.
Vit Nam nhng nm gn y p ng nhu cu in nng bc thit ca t nc,

hng lot cc nh my, trung tm nhit in s dng chu trnh hn hp nh:
- Nh my nhit in B Ra t 1997 lp t thm cc cm ui phn hi chu

trnh hn hp n nay nh my t cng sut 340 MW
-Trung Tm Nhit in Ph M tng cng sut hn 3000 MW
- Nh My Nhit in C Mau 1 cng sut 750 MW
- Nh My Nhit in C Mau 2 cng sut 750 MW (ang xy dng)
- Nh My Nhit in Nhn Trch 1 cng sut 450 MW
- Nh My Nhit in Nhn Trch 2 cng sut 750 MW (ang xy dng)
- Nh My Nhit in Mn II cng sut 750 MW (quy hoch)
- Trung Tm Nhit in Min Nam tng cng sut 2250 MW (quy hoch)

Chng 2
Nguyn l nhit ng chu trnh

hn hp trong nh my nhit in

2.1 Tin c bn ( Hiu sut chu trnh Carnot )

Nh bit, hiu sut chu trnh Carnot l hiu sut ln nht ca mt chu trnh
nhit l tng:
TW TK
C (1)
TW
y:
C _ Hiu sut chu trnh Carot
TW _ Nhit ngun nhit cp
TK _ Nhit mi trng
Trn thc t hiu sut cc qu trnh thc thp hn do cc tn tht. L do oc

a ra l do c s khc bit gia nng lng tn tht v tn tht execgy. Nng lng
tn tht l phn tn th nhit ch yu (bc x nhit, trao i nhit lu), v l
nng lng mt cho qu trnh. Mt khc, tn tht execgy l tn tht bn trong bn thn
ca qu trnh khng thun nghch theo nguyn l nhit ng II
Hai l do chnh dn n hiu sut qu trinh thc thp hn hiu sut chu trnh
Carnot:
- Th nht, chnh lch nhit trong qu trnh cp nhit cho chu trnh rt ln.
V d trong nh my nhit in hi i lu, nhit hi ln nht ch khong
810 0K, trong khi nhit ti bung t trong l hi xp x 2000 0K.
- Ri th nhit lng thi ra t qu trnh cng c nhit cao hn mi trng

xung quanh.
C hai qu trnh trao i nhit trn v th u b tn tht.
Cch tt nht tng hiu sut l tm cch gim tn tht, c th thc hin bng
cch tng ti a nhit ca chu trnh, gim nhit thi nhit thp nht c th.

T l lun , chu trnh hn hp c c bit quan tm v nghin cu.
V thc t, khng c chu trnh n no thc hin c hai vic trn c mc

nhh nhau, cng nh gii hn v vt liu v kh nng ch to ca n, l l do hp
l chn phng php kt hp 2 chu trnh: mt vi qu trnh nhit cao, v mt
cho qu trnh lm mt cui cng. Trong mt chu trnh m ca tuabin kh, nhit qu
trnh c th t c rt cao nhit c ccp trc tip cho chu trnh. Tuy nhin, nhit
khi thi t tuabin kh v th cng kha cao. Trong chu trnh hi, nhit qu trnh
ln nht khng qu cao, nhng nhit kh thi ra mi trng rt thp.
Nh vy chu trnh hn hp chu tuabin kh v tuabin hi c xem l cung cp

mt phng thc hp l nht cho mt chu trnh nhit hiu sut cao. Khi so snh vi
cc chu trnh n khc, ngay c cc chu trnh c lp t ci tin rt cng phu, phc
tp nh kiu nh my nhit in ngng hi c gia nhit cng c hiu sut Carnot l
thuyt thp hn 10-15 % so vi chu trnh hn hp.
Mt khc tn tht execgy ca chu trnh hn hp tuabin kh hi cng ln hn

do chnh lch nhit qu trnh trao i nhit gia nhit tha t tuabin kh vi chu
trnh ca hi/nc l thc s rt ln. V th c th thy c l do ti sao khc bit
hiu sut thc t t c ca chu trnh hn hp vi cc chu trnh khc cng khng
qu ln.
Bng 2.1: So Snh nhit ng ca cc chu trnh nhit nh my nhit in.
Nhit nhit Nhit nhit Hiu sut chu trnh

cp (0K) thi (0K) Carnot (%)
Tuabin kh 950-1000 500-550 42-47
Nhit in ngng hi
550-630 320-350 37-50
khng gia nhit
Nhit in ngng hi c
640-700 320-350 45-54
gia nhit
Nhit in chu trnh hn
950-1000 320-350 63-68
hp

2.2 Hiu sut nhit nh my nhit in tuabin kh-hi.

Nh my nhit in chu trnh hn hp tuabin kh-hi l chu trnh kt hp gm
chu trnh m tuabin kh vi chu trnh Renkin hi nc.
S thit b v th T-s ca chu trnh hn hp tuabin kh-hi
Nguyn l lm vic ca chu trnh:
Khng kh c nn on nhit trong my nn n p sut v nhit cao,

c a vo bung t ha trn vi nhin liu v chy trong bung t p sut cao,
khng i. Sn phm chy i vo tuabin kh , dn n sinh cng cho my pht. Ra khi
tuabin kh sn phm chy c nhit cn rt cao, tip tc i vo thit b hi nhit sinh
hi cp nhit cho chu trnh nc-hi, ri thi ra ngoi.
Nc c bm cp nc bm vo trong thit b thu hi nhit sinh hi nhn

nhit v bin thnh hi qu nhit. Hi qu nhit i vo tuabin hi dn n on nhit
sinh cng cho my pht. Ra khi tuabin, hi i vo bnh ngng, nh nhit ng p
ngng t thnh nc ri c bm tr v thit b sinh hi, lp li chu trnh c.

Trn th T-s cc chu trnh nhit c biu din nh sau:
- a-b : qu trnh nn on nhit khng kh trong my nn kh.
- b-c : qu trnh cp nhit (chy) ng p trong bung t
- c-d : qu trnh dn n on nhit sinh cng trong tuabin kh
- d-a : qu trinh nh nhit ng p trong thit b thu hi nhit sinh hi
- 3-1-1-1 : qu trnh nc nhn nhit ng p trong thit b sinh hi
- 1-2; 2-2; 2-3 : cc qu trnh gin n on nhit trong tuabin hi, ngng
ng p trong bnh ngng, v nn on nhit trong bm nh chu trnh
Renkin
Nh ni trn, nhit lng sn phm chy ch cp trc tip trong tuabin kh.
Tuy nhin mt s chu trnh hn hp khi lp t cn thit c cp nhit b sung

thit b sinh hi, ngha l mt phn nhit c cp trc tip t bung t tuabin kh
n chu trnh hi.
Theo , hiu sut nhit nh my chu trnh hn hp c xc nh tng qut

nh sau:
WGT WST
K (2)
QGT QSF
Nu khng cp nhit b sung l sinh hi(QSF = 0), th cng thc l:
WGT WST
K (3)
QGT
Trng hp tng qut, hiu sut cc chu trnh n c nh ngha l:
WGT
- Vi chu trinh tuabin kh: GT (4)
QGT
WST
- Vi chu trnh tuabin hi ST (5)
QSF Q EXH

QEXH QGT 1 GT (6)
Kt hp 2 phng trnh trn ta c:
WST
ST (7)
QSF QGT 1 GT
Trong :
K _ Hiu sut chu trnh hn hp
GT _ Hiu sut tuabin kh
ST _ Hiu sut chu trnh hi
WGT _ Cng sut in tuabin kh, kW
WST _ Cng sut in tuabin hi, kW
QGT _Nhit cp ca sn phm chy cho tuanbin kh ( cho chu trnh), kW
QEXH _ Nhit cp cho chu trnh hi t tuabin kh, kW
QSF _Nhit cp b sung cho l sinh hi, kW
2.2.1 Tc ng ca nhit cp b sung l sinh hi n hiu sut trn ton

chu trnh hn hp
Ta thc hin th phng trnh (4) va phng trnh (7) vo phng trnh (2) ta c:
GT QGT ST QSF QGT 1 GT

K (8)
QGT QSF
Nhn xt rng nhit cp b sung l sinh hi lm tng hiu sut ton chu trnh khi
K
0 (9)
QSF
Bin i vi phn phng trnh (8) ta c bt ng thc:

K 1 ST
GT QGT QSF ST QGT QSF ST QSF
QSF QGT QSF 2 QSF
(10)
ST
QGT 1 GT QGT QSF ST QGT 1 GT 0
QSF
T ta c:
ST
QSF QGT 1 GT ST GT QGT ST QSF QGT 1 GT (11)
QSF QGT QSF
V gi tr v th 2 ca bt ng thc bng gii hn ca chu trnh, nn bt ng

thc c th vit l:
ST
QSF QGT 1 GT K ST (12)
QSF
Gi tr QSF QGT 1 GT chnh l nhit lng cp vo cho chu trnh hi. Do

cng tr thnh:
ST WST
K ST (13)
QSF ST
Phng trnh (13) cho thy nhit cp b sung cho thit b sinh hi s lm tng
hiu sut chu trnh hn hp ch khi n lm tng hiu sut chu trnh hi. Hn na hiu
sut chu trnh hn hp khc vi chu trnh hi, v nhit nhit lng cp vo chu
trnh hi cng thp th hiu sut cng tng. V th nhit cp b sung tc dng gim dn
v t hiu qu: bi hiu sut ton b chu trnh tng rt nhanh trong khi hiu sut chu
trnh hi ch tng trong phm vi (K-ST).
Nh cp trn, nhn chung th ton b nhin liu nn t trong tuabin kh

hin i, v nhit ca nhit lng cp cho chu trnh mc cao hn so vi cp ti
chu trnh hi.
2.2.2 Hiu sut nh my chu trnh hn hp khng c t b sung nhit

l sinh hi

Khng b sung nhit th phng trnh (8) c th c vit nh sau:
GT QGT ST QGT 1 GT
K GT ST 1 GT (14)
QGT
a v vi phn ta c th nh gi nh hng ca hiu sut tuabin kh n hiu sut

ton b chu trnh.
K ST
1 1 GT ST (15)
GT GT
Tng hiu sut tuabin kh s lm tng hiu sut ton chu trnh ch khi:
K
0 (16)
GT
T phng trnh (15) ta c:
ST 1ST
(17)
GT 1GT
Hiu sut tuabin kh tng cao ch c ch khi n khng nh hng lm cho hiu
sut chu trnh hi gim xung
ST
Bng di y a ra mc gim ln nht cho php nh mt hm ca
GT
hiu sut tuabin kh

Bng 2.2: Mc gim hiu sut cho php hiu sut chu trnh hi biu din
nh mt hm s ca hiu sut tuabin kh ( Hiu sut chu trnh hi =
0.25)
N cho bit rng hiu sut tuabin kh cng cao th c th gy ra gim hiu sut
chu trnh hi. S cn i tng quan ca cng sut ra ton chu trnh c quyt nh
bi vic tng hiu sut tuabin kh, v ng thi gim tc ng lm h hiu sut chu
trnh hi. Nhng mt tuabin kh vi hiu sut cao nht cha chc thit lp c chu
trnh hn hp ti u cho nh my.
V d nh vi mt nhit vo khng i, mt tuabin c t s nn cao

th t c hiu sut cao hn so vi loi c t s nn va phi, tuy nhin
tuabin hi i km vi loi c t s nn va phi li hot ng c hiu sut cao
hn v nhit nhit tha t tuabin kh cp cho qu trnh hi cao hn, v to
c cng sut ra cao hn.
th 2.2a biu din hiu sut ca ring tuabin kh bi hm s theo thng s

nhit vo, ra tuabin. Ta thy rng hiu sut cao nht ca tuabin kh nhit khi
kh thp (ngha l t s nn ca tuabin cao)
th 2.2b biu din hiu sut ton chu trnh cng theo hm s vi cc thng
s trn. So snh vi th 2.2a th im ti u theo chiu hng tng nhit khi t
tuabin kh. Tu theo mc ch kinh t, ngy nay tuabin kh kh ti u ho, khng qu
ch trng n hiu sut ring m n quan tm nhiu n t trng ln nht in nng
sn xut c. Hu ht tuabin kh hin nay u ph hp lp t cho nh my in chu
trnh hn hp.

th 2.2: Hiu sut ca tuabin kh trong nh my nhit in chu trnh hn hp

theo hm s ca nhit vo, ra tuabin kh
a) Ring tuabin kh
b) Nh my in chu trnh hn hp
t1_ nhit chy trong bung t tuabin kh
t2_ nhit khi ra khi tuabin kh

Tm li ta c th ni:
Hiu sut tuabin kh khng phi l yu t quyt nh hiu sut ton chu trnh
trong nh my in chu trnh hn hp, m quan trng l thng s u vo ca tuabin
kh, c th l nhit chy ca hn hp nhin liu trong bung t.
Trong mt s trng hp ta quan tm n hiu sut chu trnh hi, nhng n khng
quan trng lm v thng tuabin kh l thit b chun, nhit lng cp cho chu trnh
hi l t khi ca tuabin kh, v vn nm trong hiu qu bin i nhit ca cc thit
b trao i nhit.
Kt lun:
Nh my in chu trnh hn hp khng t b sung t c nhng thun li

v nhit ng hc hn. N c nhng u im sau:
- Hiu sut cao: c th t c trn 50 %
- Chi ph u t khng cao lm: V 2/3 cng sut c to ra t tuabin kh,

ch 1/3 c sn xut t qu trnh hi, cho nn c th gim c gn 30 %
chi ph so vi nh my nhit in ngng hi
- Lng nc cp t: Ch cn khong 40 50 % so vi nh my nhit in

ngng hi tng ng
- Hot ng c nhiu ch : Ch s dng chu trnh n qu trnh hi nn

c th khi ng v ngng hot ng kh nhanh, iu ny gip kh nng
iu chnh hiu qu hn ( nh iu chnh sao cho tn tht khi khi ng
gim xung, )
- C th tin hnh lp t theo tng giai on, v tng cm: Tuabin kh c th

i vo hot ng sm hn tuabin hi rt nhiu, nh my c th m rng dn.
Ta c th tnh ton u t hp cho tng giai on theo nhu cu in nng
ca h thng in li quc gia. V cui cng ta c th lp t thm h
thng s dng nhin liu than kh ho nu trng hp gi kh t v du
tng cao

- Hot ng d dng: Mt nh my nhit in chu trnh hn hp khng cp

t b sung hot ng kh n gin hn nhiu so vi nh my in ngng
hi. Hn na nh my chu trnh hn hp hot ng hu nh hon ton te
ng, n cng s dng dc bit thch hp cho nhng ni t kinh nghim vn
hnh
- t tc ng ti mi trng: Nhin liu kh t nhin t trong nh my thich

hp vi cc nh my t ni ng dn c v n c hiu qu t chay cao
v mc tro pht thi ra ngoi thp, c bit nng NOX rt thp v gim
c 40 % lng CO2 thot ra trn mi kWh so vi t than
- Cng sut in c th tng 40 % so vi nh my in ngng hi cng p

sut lm vic

Chng 3
Thnh Phn Thit B Chnh Trong
Nh My Nhit in Chu Trnh
Hn Hp

3.1 Thit B Tuabin Kh

3.1.1 Khi nim Tuabin kh
Tuabin kh l ng c nhit trong bin i ho nng ca nhin liu thnh

nhit nng ri thnh c nng. Qu trnh bin i nng lng trong tuabin kh c th
thc hin bng nhng chu trnh khc nhau.
Tuabin kh l thnh phn quan trng nht trong nh my nhit in chu trnh
hn hp tuabin kh/ tuabin hi. Vi s pht trin nhanh chng ca tuabin kh ngy nay,
nhit u vo tuabin t c ngy cng ln to iu kin cho chu trnh hn hp
chim u th v hiu qu sn xut in so vi cc chu trnh nhit khc.
Song song vi qu trnh pht trin tuabin kh l ci tin my nn i km theo n

nn khng kh cp qu trnh t trong bung t tuabin. Ngy nay my nn c th
nn vi lu lng v t s nn ln hn rt nhiu, vi th c th t oc cng sut in
ln hn, ng thi gim c chi ph v tng hiu sut chu trnh.
u im:
- B cc gn
- Tnh c ng vn hnh cao, nh m my nhanh, thay i ti ln
- Vn hnh khng cn nc, hay yi cu rt t nc
- Thi gian xy dng nhanh
Nhc im:
- Gi thnh nhin liu cao
- Gi thnh vt liu, chi ph sn xut cao hn
- Kh sa cha

Bng 3.1 Thng s k thut tiu biu ca cc Tuabin kh lp t cho h

thng chu trnh hn hp trn th trng
Cng sut ra (theo tiu chun ISO) 1-150 MW
Hiu sut (theo tiu chun ISO) 28-35 %
T s nn 10-18
Nhit u vo tuabin 950-1150 0C
Nhit khi ra khi tuabin 480-570 0C
Lu lng khi ra khi tuabin 30-500 kg/s
Tuabin kh (loi tnh) c th c xp theo cc loi sau:
- Tuabin kh xut pht t cng ngh tuabin hi
- Tuabin kh bt ngun t k thut ng c t tong
- Tuabin kh t ngnh k thut hn khng, bao gm mt ng c phn lc i

km vi mt tuabin pht in

3.1.2 Cc phn t chnh ca thit b tuabin kh
Cc phn t chnh ca tuabin kh gm: my nn, bung t, tuabin kh, v b trao

i nhit.
1) My nn
Dng nn mi cht lm vic (thng l khng kh) v nhin liu. Ngi ta

thng dng my nn ly tm hoc dc trc nn mi cht lm vic, nn nhin
liu kh c nhit tr 30.106 Jm-3 tr ln phi chn loi my nn c th tch tn tht
khong 3% th tch mi cht lm vic. Nh vy loi my nn thch hp ch c th
dng l my nn piston hoc ly tm c s vng quay rt ln
Nhng yu cu k thut i vi my nn dng nn mi cht lm vic:
- Hiu sut cao ()
- nn tng cp cao
- C th s dng tc vng quay ln
- Vn hnh n nh trong khong lm vic ca tuabin
- D iu khin v mt kh ng hc v c hc

2) Bung t
Trong bung t nng lng lin kt ho hc c gii phng vo khng kh

c ho trn u i vo tuabin kh sinh cng nh dng kh truyn ng
Qu trnh chy trong bung t c hiu sut cao nht vi h s khng kh

khong t =1,3-2,2
Qu trnh lm vic ca bung t
Qu trnh lm vic ca bung t c xc nh bi cu trc bung t v bi

nhng tnh trng vn hnh. Qu trnh lm vic ca bung t bao gm qu trnh t
chy nhin liu, qu trnh ho trn sn phm chy vi khng kh, cc iu kin lm
mt ng la, cc iu kin khi ph ti thay i v khi m my.
3) Tuabin kh
Nng lng nhit ca sn phm chy c bin i thnh c nng trong tuabin
kh. mt phn ln hn cng sut tuabin c dung truyn ng my nn kh,
mt phn nh hn con li ca cng sut l cng sut hu ch cung cp cho cc my
mc hot ng ( my pht in, bm, qut thi kh). Cng sut tuabin gp
khong 2-3 ln cng sut hu ch.
Nhng yu cu k thut i vi tuabin kh:
Cng sut cng nh c tnh ca tuabin c nh hng trc tip n c tnh

ton t my. ton b t my tuabin kh lm vic t hiu sut cao th cn thit
p ng mt s yu cu k thut quan trng sau i vi tuabin:
- Hiu sut chuyn i nng lng trong tuabin phi cao
- Cnh qut ca tuabin lm vic vi nhit ging ln phi tc vng cao
- Phi m bo cc yu cu v kh ng hc v c hc khi gia cng cc thit

b hp chu nhit khim kh gia cng

Nhng phn t chnh:
- C ng vo dn sn phm chy t bung t vo dy cnh tuabin
- Dy cnh tnh(stato) chuyn nhit nng thnh ng nng
- R to nhn cng sut t ng nng ca dng sn phm chy
- C ng ra chuyn mt phn ng nng thnh th nng p sut v

dn sn phm chy ra ng thot
- Cc chi tit lm mt phn v tuabin
- Cc ph kin
Mt vn quan trng l thit b tuabin kh c ch to theo tiu chun ho.

Cc tuabin c th lp t thnh t hp, v th gim c thi gian hot ng ca tng
tuabin khi ph ti gim v h c gi thnh.
Thit b tuabin kh trong h thng chu trnh hn hp hot ng vi p sut v

nhit rt cao, tc vng quay ln nn vn bm bn gay tc nghn l mi quan
tm ln trong my nn v tuabin.
- Bm bn trong my l do tuabin kh hot ng trong chu trnh h, khng kh

ht vo khng th lm sch hon ton.
- Bm bn trong tuabin ch xy ra khi nhin liu th ln nhiu tp cht hoc

do tha du

3.2 Thit B Thu Hi Nhit Sinh Hi

3.2.1 Khi nim
Thit b thu hi nhit sinh hi trong h thng nh my in chu trnh hn hp l

thit b sinh hi (l hi) s dng nhit ca khi ui tuabin kh cp hi cho cc
tuabin hi. N l thit b lin kt qu trnh kh vi chu trnh hi ca chu trnh hn hp.
Thit b thu hi nhit sinh hi c 3 loi chnh:
- Loi khng cn cp nhit b sung
- Loi c cp nhit b sung gii hn
- Loi c cp nhit b sung ln nht
Nh ni trn thit b hi nhit loi khng c cn cp nhit b sung c

quan tm s dng nhiu nht trong chu trnh hn hp, v nhng c im ca n v th
c ch nghin cu nhiu. Trong n ny cng ch gii thiu v loi ny v n
c thit k v lp t hu ht cc nh my nhit in chu trnh hn hp nc ta.
Thit b sinh hi c th thit k lp t theo 2 nguyn l:
- Chu trnh nc/hi tun hon cng bc
- Chu trnh nc/hi tun hon t nhin
Ngoi ra nhin liu v nhit sn phm chy cng nh hng rt ln n qu

trnh si v bay hi trong thit b thu hi nhit sinh hi. Da vo c tnh ca nhin
liu ta chn nhit nc cp v tnh ton nhit hm nc.
Bng 3.2: Nhit nc cp cho theo nhin liu
Du cha hn 2% SO2 140-145 0C
Du cha t hn 2% SO2 110-130 0C
Kh thin nhin, khng c SO2 50-60 0C

3.2.2 Cc phn t chnh thit b thu hi nhit snh hi
1: L sinh hi 2: Bao hi h p
3: Bnh kh kh 4: Bao hi cao p

3.2.3 Nhng vn khi vn hnh
Vn chnh nh hng n thit k thit thu hi nhit sinh hi l qa trnh

khi ng rt nhanh ca thit b tuabin kh. S dn n nhanh xy ra trong qu trnh
khi ng c th c xem xt thit k phng nga cho ph hp, v d nh c lp
tm cc cm ng, vn vn.
Gii hn chnh ca n l mc tng ti ny sinh trong bao hi. c th khi

ng nhanh, ng knh bao hi nn ch to cng nh cng tt, iu ny ch thc hin
c khi p sut hi lm vic thp. p sut hi ti u ch to thit b thu hi nhit
sinh hi khng t b sung khong 30-70 bar, iu kin thun li c th khi ng
nhanh
Mt vn na trong qu trnh vn hnh l s thay i th tch bn trong thit

b bay hi trong sut qu trnh khi ng. Chnh lch th tch ring ln gia nc v
hi p sut h p v trung p l nguyn nhn mt lng ln nc c th b y ra
khi thit b bay hi trong qu trnh bay hi lc khi ng. Bao hi phi gi li c
hu ht lng nc ny v nu khng mt lng nc rt ln tht thot ra ngoi qua
ng x an ton ca bao hi mi khi khi ng. V th th tch ton bao hi thuc vo
thi gian khi ng v lng nc tht thot cho php, nn vo khong 1,5-2,5 ln th
tch hi bay hi lc hot ng bnh thng. Lng hi tha ny cn c th c gi
li v gii hn trong vng tun hon kn, t nht l khng cho hi thot ra trong b gia
nhit nc.
tng hiu sut ti tng phn v x l cc s c trong nh my chu trnh hn

hp, v th ta c th thit k cho thit b sinh hi hot ng nhiu p sut khc nhau.

3.3 Thit B Tuabin Hi

3.3.1 Khi nim tuabin hi
Tuabin hi trong nh my nhit in l ng c nhit dn ng my pht in.

Khi dng hi chuyn ng qua cc rnh cnh tuabin, nhit nng ca dng hi bin
thnh ng nng ri ng nng bin thnh c nng (sinh cng) trn cnh ng ca
tuabin, lm cho tuabin quay
Tuabin hi thng dng trong nh my nhit in l tuabin dc trc v c th

ch to cng sut ln.
Nguyn l cu to tuabin hi:

3.3.2 c im tuabin hi trong nh my nhit in chu trnh hn hp
ko my pht in c cng sut ln, tuabin phi lm vic vi lu lng hi

ln, nhit dng ln. V vy mun t c hiu sut cao hi phi lm vic trong cc
dy tng lin tip nhau ca tuabin nhiu tng
nh my nhit in chu trnh hn hp hin i, tuabin hi l mt thnh phn

thit b c thng s hi lm vic tng i thp (so vi cc thit b khc nh tuabin
kh, thit b thu hi nhit sinh hi). N phi c nhng c im chnh sau:
- C cng sut, hiu sut ln
- Thi gian khi ng nhanh
Khi ng nhanh l c bit quan trng v nh my thng khi ng v dng

my mc ti trung bnh. y l iu kin t ln hng u i vi cc nh my thit
k khng t b sung

3.4 My pht in
Phn ln thit b tuabin kh v tuabin hi trong nh my nhit in chu trnh
hn hp ni trc tip tuabin my pht in ( my pht in 2 cc)
C 3 loi tuabin my pht c th lp t cho nh my nhit in chu trnh hn

hp:
- My pht in lm mt bng khng kh vi h thng lm mt h
- My pht in lm mt bng khng kh vi h thng lm mt kn
- My pht in lm mt bng hydro lng
My pht in lm mt bng khng kh h c hiu pa lm mt kh tt v gi

thnh r, nhng d b bm bi bn v ting n ln. My pht in lm mt bng khng
kh kn thng ch to vi cng sut xp x 200 MVA tr ln, khng b bm bi bn
nhng gi thnh t, hn na hiu sut y ti ca my pht in lm mt bng khng
kh hin nay cng kh ln. My pht in lm mt bng hydro lng t hiu sut cao
hn loi lm mt bng khng kh, tuy nhin n yu cu phi c thm thit b ph, thit
b kim tra, thit k ch to phc tp, v d nhin gi thnh cao hn rt nhiu.
Tuabin kh v My pht in tuabin kh lp t Nh my nhit in Ph M 3

Chng 4
Tnh Ton Kim Tra Nhit Nh

My Nhit in C Mau 1

4.1 S lc v nh my
Nh my nhit in C Mau 1 c xy dng ti Trung tm Kh in m C
Mau, Tnh C Mau. Trung tm Kh in m C Mau s dng ngun nguyn nhin
liu kh thin nhin sn xut in nng v phn bn, gm cc nh my nhit in
C Mau 1(750 MW), C Mau 2 (750 MW ang c lp t) vi tng cng sut 1500
MW, v cc nh my sn xut phn bn (ang trin khai) .
Ch u t Ban Qun L D n Kh in m C Mau - Tp on Du Kh

Vit Nam. C vn k thut Electrowatt Ekono Group
Nh thu lp t chnh Tng Cng Ty Lp My Lilama. C vn k thut

FICHTNER
Nh thu ph Siemens Power Generation, cung cp thit b cho nh thu ph

Doosan Heavy Industries & Contruction Co. Ltd
4.2 Cc thng s chnh ca nh my

Nhin liu: Kh thin nhin/ du m
Loi nh my: Chu trnh hn hp kh/hi
Cng sut in li: 750 MW
2 Tuabin kh: Mi tuabin cng sut 250 MW
1 Tuabin hi: Cng sut 250 MW
My pht in: Tn s 50 Hz
- my pht in tuabin kh lm mt bng hydro lng
- 1 my pht in tuabin hi lm mt bng khng kh
Thit b thu hi nhit sinh hi khi nng i ngang
- 3 cp p sut c gia nhit trung gian
- Nc/hi tun hon t nhin, khng t b sung

Phi cnh nh my nhit in chu trnh hn hp C Mau 1

4.3Tnh kim tra hiu sut nh my chy th y ti ngy 14/03/2008
4.3.1Thng s trng thi kho st
Nhit mi trng xung quanh 27,54 0C
p sut kh quyn 1,0115 bar
m khng kh 69,3 %
Nht nc lm mt 33,88 0C
Thnh phn nhin liu [%]
CH4 79,050
C2H6 6,645
C3H8 3,005
nC4H10 0,725
iC4H10 0,650
nC5H12 0,195
iC5H12 0,295
C6H14+ 0,235
N2 1,465
CO2 7,735
Nhit tr thp nhin liu Qtlv = 40260,7 kJ/kg

4.3.2 S nhit nguyn l v cc thng s u ra chun kim tra nhit

nh my theo thit k
S nhit nguyn l xc nh ni dung c bn ca qu trnh cng nhg bin

i nhit trong nh my
Nh my ny c s 2:2:1. Cc thnh phn chnh trong s nhit nguyn

l gm c: 2 tuabin kh v my pht tuabin kh, 2 l thu hi nhit sinh hi, mt
tuabin hi v my pht in tuabin hi, cc ng hi v ng khi.
L thu hi nhit sinh hi :
C 3 cp p sut lm vic tng ng 3 bao hi ( cao, trung, v h p), c

cc thng s ti hn l:
- Cao p: 73,2 kg/s 130 bar 567 0C
- Qu nhit trung gian 85,2 kg/s 30,8 bar 565 0C
- Trung p: 14,5 kg/s 32,3 bar 333 0C
- H p: 10,2 5,4 bar 238 0C
Mi l c tng khi lng gn 13320 tn, v c kch thc bao quanh l

10,7m 29,8m 29,3m
Cc thit b chnh v chc nng ca n nh sau:
- Bao hi: Cha hi v nc cc cp cao, trung, v h p. Na trn cha

hi s qua cc b qu nhit vo tuabin hi, v cn li l nc i xung h
thng dn ng trong l c t li
- Cc module dn ng: theo chiu di l c chia thnh 5 module, gm

cc dn ng trao i nhit ca cc thit b trao i nhit. lm tng hiu
qu truyn nhit gia khi nng t tuabin kh vi hi v noc trong ng
ngui ta gn cnh bn ngoi ng tng din tch tip xc vi khi
- H thng gim n gim p cho tt c h thng l: Trng hp khi qu ti

cc van an ton s t ng m x ln h thng ny gim ting n

- H thng bm cp nc cho l (nc khong sau khi c x l)
- H thng kh kh: kh kh si bt cho nc t h thng ngng t cp cho

h thng bm cp nc cho l
- H thng ngng t; ngng t hi sau khi qua tuabin sau tr v l thu

hi nhit sinh hi gia nhit li. V th nh my c chu trnh hi kn
- H thng x l nc cho h thng bm cp nc, thp lm mt nc cho

h thng ngng t
* Din gii s nhit nguyn l:
Khng kh c nn trong my nn n p sut v nhit yu cu, c

a vo bung t ha trn vi nhin liu v chy trong bung t. Sn phm chy
i vo tuabin kh , dn n sinh cng cho my pht. Ra khi tuabin kh sn phm
chy c nhit cn rt cao, tip tc i vo thit b hi nhit sinh hi cp nhit cho
chu trnh nc-hi, ri thi ra ngoi.
Hi qu nhit 128,72 bar; 567,2 0C t l thu hi nhit sinh hi c dn n

phn cao p ca tuabin hi dn n sinh cng, sau hi vi thng s 32,95 bar;
565,3 0C cng vi hi t bao hi trung p c qu nhit trung gian p sut 30,8
bar v nhit 565 0C, tip tc i vo dn n sinh cng trong phn trung p ca
tuabin. Ra khi phn trung p vi p=4,58 bar: t=295 0C, hi chia lm 2 dng qua 2
na i xng phn tuabin h p kh lc dc trc v gim tit din thot. Hi sau
khi ra khi phn h p ca tuabin c a vo h thng ngng t, ti y hi c
ngng t thnh nc. p lc hi thot vo h thng ngng t pk=0,111 bar. Nc
ngng sau khi ra khi h thng ngng t c bm nc ngng bm qua cc bnh
gia nhit h p ri dn v thit b kh kh. Nc ngng sau khi c kh kh s
c cha trong b kh kh, sau c bm nc cp a qua cc bnh gia nhit
cao, trung v h p lm tng nhit nc trc khi vo cc bao hi.
Hi chn ui cc phn cao p, trung p v tt c phn h p c a v h

thng ngng t. Tt c lng hi i chn c ly t cc bung chn cc phn
ca tuabin.


4.3.3 Cc kt qu o kim tra
Tuabin kh 1
p sut nhin liu, p [bar] 29,634

Th tch ring dng nhin liu, v
O,5635
[m3/s]
Nhit trung bnh nhin liu,
18,33
[0C]
T khi dng nhin kiu,
28,33
[kg/m3]
Cng sut in cui my pht,
244,172
We1 [MW]
Cng sut in li, [MW] 235,260
Tuabin kh 2
p sut nhin liu, p [bar] 29,911

Th tch ring dng nhin liu, v
O,5629
[m3/s]
Nhit trung bnh nhin liu,
17,76
0
[ C]
T khi dng nhin kiu,
28,6957
[kg/m3]
Cng sut in cui my pht,
243,066
We2 [MW]

Tuabin hi
Nhit trung bnhnc vo lm mt bnh

33,88
ngng, [0C]
Cng sut in cui my pht, Weh [MW] 247,373
Tng cng sut in cp cho tuabin ph truyn ng bm cp l
WP = 5,063 MW
Lu lng hi cp Tuabin hi
Phn cao p 142,063 kg/s
Phn trung p 174,546 kg/s
Phn h p 197,598 kg/s
Qu nhit trung gian 140,626 kg/s
Lu lng nc cp cho cc binh bc hi
H p 21,854 kg/s
Trung p 30,854 kg/s
Cao p 142,063 kg/s

Thng s hi v nc lm vic ca tuabin hi
Hi, nc p, [bar] T, [0C] i, [KJ/kg] I, [KJ/kg]
qu nhit cao p 128,72 567,2 - 3517,5
phn cao p tuabin 122,79 565 3517,5 3152,3
qu nhit trung p 30,86 565,3 - 3603,3
phn trung p tuabin 30,14 565 3603,3 3055,4
qu nhit h p 5,09 239 - 2937,8
phn h p tuabin 4,54 288,7 3042,4 2440
bc hi h p 5,74 152 640,6 -
bc hi trung p 54,39 152,4 645,4 -
bc hi cao p 138,13 154 657,5 -

4.3.4 Xc nh ch tiu nng lng i vi chu trnh nh my
Khc vi nh my nhit in ngng hi, vic xc nh ch tiu nng lng i

vi s nh my nhit in kh-hi kh phc tp.
phn tch chi tit hn s hon thinca cc phn t ring bit trong nh my
nhit in chu trnh hn hp tuabin kh-hi v nh hng ca n ti cc ch tiu ca
nh my khi sn xut in nng v nhit nng, ngi ta xc nh hiu sut da trn
phng php vt l tng qut v s tng qut ca cc dng nhit ca nh my nhit
in chu trnh hn hp tuabin kh-hi.
S Tng Qut Cc Dng Nhit Ca Nh My Nhit in Kh-Hi
k tk h th
We Qx We Qx
Qkv Qkh
Tuabin Tuabin
kh hi
Qhtt
Qktt
h
Ql Qlhx
Qkkk
L thu hi Qkn Qhn
Qlk Qbskk nhit sinh hi
Qlv
Qln
Qlk H dng nhit
Trong :

Qvk _ Nhit a vo tuabin kh
Qvl _ Nhit a vo l thu hi nhit sinh hi
Wek _ Cng sut in tuabin kh
Weh _ Cng sut in tuabin hi
Qxtk _ Nhit tn tht tuabin kh
Qxth _ Nhit tn tht tuabin hi
Qxlh _ Nhit tn tht ca l thu hi nhit sinh hi
Qnh _ Nhit tuabin hi cp cho h dng nhit
Qnk _ Nhit tuabin kh cp cho h dng nhit
Qnl _ Nhit l thu hi nhit sinh hi cp cho h dng nhit
Qkl _ Nhit tuabin kh cp cho l thu hi nhit sinh hi
Qkkk _ Nhit ca khng kh t my nn tuabin kh cp cho l thu hi nhit sinh

hi
Qkkbs _ Nhit ca khng kh b sung cho l thu hi nhit sinh hi
Qlk _ Nhit t l thu hi nhit sinh hi a cho tuabin kh
Qlh _ Nhit ca l thu hi nhit sinh hi cp cho tuabin hi
Qkh _ Nhit tuabin kh a vo bnh ngng hoc nc cp ca tuabin hi
Qhtt , Qktt _ Nhit tn tht ca ng hi v ng kh

S Cc Dng Nhit Ca Nh My Nhit in Chu Trnh Hn Hp

Tuabin Kh-Hi C Mau 1
k tk h th
We Qx We Qx
Qkv Tuabin Qkh Tuabin
kh hi
Qhtt
Qktt
h
Ql Qlhx
L thu hi
Qlk
nhit sinh hi
1) Hiu sut sn xut in nng ca nh my:
1 Akh
khe
e Akh pe
R R
tbh
e
tth lh
lh e e k tbk
tbk tbh tt
Cc i lng c tnh nh sau:
- H s nng lng ca nh my sn xut in nng
Wek
Akh 2
Weh
- Hiu sut thit b tuabin kh sn xut in nng

Wek Wek
e
tbk e k
Q tbk Q v
Wek = Wek1 + Wek2 = 244,172 + 243,066 = 487,238 MW
Qvk = Qvk1 + Qvk2
Qvk1= QtlvM [kJ/s]
Trong : Qtlv _ Nhit tr thp lm vic ca nhin liu, [kJ/kg]
M = v _ Lu lng khi ca nhin liu, [kg/s]
Qvk 1 Qtlv 1 v1 40260,7 28,3299 0,5635 642,751 10 3 kW
Qvk 2 Qtlv 2 v 2 40260,7 28,6975 0,5629 650,364 10 3 kW
Qvk = Qvk1 + Qvk2 = 1293,115 MW
487,238
Vy tbk
e
0,37
1293,115
- Hiu sut ca thit b tuabin hi sn xut in nng
Weh Weh
tbh
e
e
h
Qtbh Ql
Weh = 247,373 MW
Qlh = D0(i0 inc) + Dtg(itg itg)
Trong :
D0 _ Hi tiu hao cho tuabin hi, [kg/s]
Dtg _ Hi qua qu nhit trung gian, [kg/s]
i0 _ Entanpi hi qu nhit cc cp cao, trung, v h p, [kJ/kg]
inc _ Entanpi nc cp cc cp cao, trung, v h p, [kJ/kg]
itg, itg _ Entanpi hi trc v sau cc b qu nhit trung gian, [kJ/kg]
Qlh = 21,845(2937,8 640,6) + 30,854(3603,3 645,4) + 142,063(3517,5

657,5) + 140,626(3603,3 3152,3) = 611,188 MJ/s = 611,188 MW

247,373
Vy tbh 0,42
e
611,188
- Hiu sut l thu hi nhit sinh hi (theo cn bng thun)
Qlh
lh
Qkl
Qkl = Qvk Qttk Wek Qxtk
L thu hi nhit sinh hi c b tr st ca thot tuabin kh gim ti a

tn tht nn Qttk 0, v xem nhit tn tht tuabin kh khng ng k Qxtk 0.
V th nhit lng tuabin kh cp cho l thu hi nhit sinh hi c tnh l:

Qkl = Qvk Wek = 1293,115 487,238 = 805,877 MW
611,188
lh
805,877
0,76
- Theo s cc dng nhit trn th hiu sut truyn ti ca ng hi v

ng kh: tth = 1; ttk = 1
- e, pe _ Cc h s thay i tng i ca cc dng nhit a ti thit b

tuabin hi trong s kh-hi c k n tc ng ti h thng hi nhit ca
tuabin hi. s nh my ny tuabin hi khng s dng h thng hi
nhit s dng nhit t tuabin kh, nn khng nh hng n hiu sut ca
chu trnh hn hp
- H s phn nh s phn phi dng nhit ca nhin liu gia l thu hi nhit
sinh hi v tuabin kh l:
*Rlh = 1[1 2(1-3)] + 45
i vi s nh my ny th ta c:
Rlh = [1- (1- 3)] + 45
y:
Q kl 805,877
3 k
0,63
Q v 1293,115

Qvk
4 k 1
Qv
Qvk Qkl 1293,115 805,877

5 2,54
Qkl 805,877
Rlh = [1- (1- 0,63) + 12,54 = 3,17
42
Rtbk 1 2 1 6 4
1 3
Vi s nh my ny th:
1 3
Rtbk 4
4
1 0,63
Rtbk 1 0,63
1
Vy hiu sut ca nh my theo sn xut in nng c vit li:
1 Akh
hke
A
tbh
e
tth lh Rlh ekh tbh
e
ttk Rtbk
tbk
1 2
0,641
2
0,42 1 0,76 3,17 0,42 1 0,63
0,37
Vy hiu sut sn xut in nh my nhit in chu trnh hn hp tuabin kh-

hi C Mau 1 l 64,1 %
2) Sut tiu hao nhit
Sut tiu hao nhit l lng nhit tiu hao ca nh my sn xut ra 1 kW in nng.
Tng cng sut nh my:
W = Wek1 + Wek2 + Weh
= 244,172 + 243,066 + 247,373 = 734,611 MW = 734611 kW
Nhit cp vo cho nh my chnh l nhit cp vo cc tuabin kh

Q = Qvk = Qvk1 + Qvk2
= 642751 + 650,364 = 1293115 kJ/s
Q 1293115 3600
Sut tiu hao nhit: q 6336,9 kJ/kWh
W 734611
3) Sai s tnh ton v cc thng s m bo yu cu kim tra
H thng nh my nhit in hot ng vi cc thng s nh trn c nh ch

to Siemens a ra cng sut in v sut tiu hao nhit bo m yu cu cho chy th
y ti l:
Cng sut in m bo: W WG 757,6 MW
Sut tiu hao nhit m bo: q q G 6297 kJ/kWh
Sai s tnh ton cho php 5%
Vy vi cng sut in thc t ca nh my W = 734,611 MW th sai s l:
WG W 757,6 734,611
e 100 100 3,03%5%
WG 757,6
v sut tiu hao nhit thc t ca nh my l q = 6336,9 kJ/kWh th:
q qG 6336,9 6297
q 100 100 0,63%5%
q 6336,9
Kt qu cho thy nh my chy th kim tra thnh cng, cc thng s nhit t
yu cu. Sn sng pht in ho vo li in quc gia

Ti liu tham kho

1) Rolf Kehlhofer (1997). Combined Cycle Gas & Steam Turbin Power Plant;
NXB PennWell
2) Hong Ngc ng. K Thut Nhit in. HBK Nng
3) Nguyn Cng Hn (2002). Nh My Nhit in Tp 1. NXB Khoa Hc K

Thut
4) Nguyn Cng Hn (2002). Nh My Nhit in Tp 2 .NXB Khoa Hc K

Thut
5) Phan Quan Xng. Tuc Bin Nhit in. HBK Nng
6) Siemens Power Generation (2008). Test Procedure for Preliminary Performance

Test Nh My Nhit in C Mau 1
7) Presentation Process Overview PM3 (2001). Nh My Nhit in Ph M 3
8) Bi Hi (1999). Thit B Trao i Nhit. NXB Khoa Hc K Thut

MC LC
Trang
LI NI U...........................................................................................................1
CHNG 1 - GII THIU CHUNG....................................................................2
1.1.Gii thiu v in nng..........................................................................................3
1.2.Phn loi nh my nhit in.................................................................................4
1.3.Gii thiu chung v nh my nhit in chu trnh hn hp tuabin kh-hi............5
CHNG 2 - NGUYN L NHIT NG CHU TRNH HN HP TRONG

NH MY NHIT IN.........................................................................................9
2.1.Tin c bn........................................................................................................10
2.2. Hiu sut nh my nhit in chu trnh hn hp tuabin kh-hi...........................12
2.2.1.Tc ng ca nhit cp b sung l sinh hi n hiu sut trn ton chu trnh
hn hp........................................................................................................................ 14
2.2.2. Hiu sut nh my chu trnh hn hp khng c t b sung l sinh hi.........16
CHNG 3 - THNH PHN THIT B CHNH TRONG NH MY NHIT

IN CHU TRNH HN HP................................................................................21
3.1. Thit b tuabin kh.................................................................................................22
3.1.1. Khi nim tuabin kh.........................................................................................22
3.1.2. Cc phn t chnh ca thit b tuabin kh...........................................................24
3.2. Thit b thu hi nhit sinh hi...............................................................................27
3.2.1. Khi nim..........................................................................................................27
3.2.2. Cc phn t chnh ca thit b thu hi nhit sinh hi.........................................28
3.2.3. Nhng vn khi vn hnh...............................................................................29
3.3. Thit b tuabin hi.................................................................................................30

3.3.1. Khi nim tuabin hi.........................................................................................30
3.3.2. c im tuabin hi trong nh my nhit in chu trnh hn hp.....................31
3.4. My pht in.......................................................................................................32
CHNG 4 - TNH TON KIM TRA NHIT NH MY NHIT IN CHU

TRNH HN HP TUABIN KH-HI C MAU 1...............................................33
4.1. S lc v nh my..............................................................................................34
4.2. Cc thng s chnh ca nh my...........................................................................34
4.3.Tnh kim tra hiu sut nh my chy th y ti ngy 14 - 03 - 2008..................36
4.3.1. Thng s trng thi kho st..............................................................................36
4.3.2. S nhit nguyn l v cc thng s u ra chun kim tra nhit nh my theo

thit k ....................................................................................................................37
4.3.3. Cc kt qu o kim tra ....................................................................................40
4.3.4. Xc nh ch tiu nng lng i vi chu trnh nh my ..................................43
TI LIU THAM KHO.........................................................................................50

Tính Toán Kiểm Tra Nhiệt Nhà Máy Nhiệt Điện Chu Trình Hỗn Hợp - Trường Đại Học Bách Khoa Đà Nẵng

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Tính Toán Kiểm Tra Nhiệt Nhà Máy Nhiệt Điện Chu Trình Hỗn Hợp - Trường Đại Học Bách Khoa Đà Nẵng

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COM Cng ng chia s ti liu hc tp

Nh my nhit in chu trnh hn hp (Combined cycles power plant CCPP)

V vy cn phi nh gi mt cch ton din v Nh my nhit in chu trnh

Bng n lc bn thn cng vi s hng dn tn tnh ca TS Trn Thanh Sn

- Chng 1: Khi qut chung

- Chng 2: Nguyn l nhit ng chu trnh hn hp trong nh my nhit in

- Chng 3: Cc thnh phn thit b chnh ca nh my nhit in CCPP

- Chng 4: Tnh ton kim tra nhit nh my nhit in C Mau 1

Do thi gian hn ch, cng nh kin thc cn khim khuyt nn khng th

Nng, thng 5 nm 2008

Sinh vin: L Hong Minh

SVTH:L Hong Minh - Lp 03N1 Khoa Cng Ngh Nhit-in Lnh

GVHD: TS Trn Thanh Sn Trang 1

Gii thiu chung

SVTH:L Hong Minh - Lp 03N1 Khoa Cng Ngh Nhit-in Lnh

GVHD: TS Trn Thanh Sn Trang 2

1.1 Gii thiu v in nng

- Nh my phong in (dng sc gi)

- Nh my in nng lng mt tri

Hin nay ph bin nht l nh my nhit in nhit nng khi t cc nhin

SVTH:L Hong Minh - Lp 03N1 Khoa Cng Ngh Nhit-in Lnh

GVHD: TS Trn Thanh Sn Trang 3

1.2 Phn loi nh my nhit in

Phn loi theo nhin liu s dng:

- Nh my t nhin liu lng

- Nh my t hai hoc ba laoi nhin liu trn (hn hp)

Phn loi theo tuabin my pht:

- Nh my nhit in chu trnh hn hp tuabin kh-hi

Phn loi theo dng nng lng c cp i:

- Nh my nhit in ngng hi: ch sn xut in

- Trung tm nhit in: cung cp c in v nhit

Phn loi theo kt cu cng ngh

- Nh my nhit in kiu khi

- Nh my nhit in kiu khng khi

Phn loi theo tnh cht mang ti

- Nh my nhit in ph ti gc, c s gi s dng cng sut t hn

- Nh my nhit in ph ti gia, c s gi s dng cng sut t

- Nh my nhit in ph ti nh, c s gi s dng cng sut t

SVTH:L Hong Minh - Lp 03N1 Khoa Cng Ngh Nhit-in Lnh

GVHD: TS Trn Thanh Sn Trang 4

1.3 Khi qut chung v nh my nhit in chu trnh hn hp

Thng thng cc chu trnh c t u v cui ca chu trnh chung.

Vic chn la hp l iu kin lm vic gip to ra kh nng mt chu trnh ton

Quay tr li hin ti ch mt chu trnh hn hp c cng nhn rng ri nhiu

SVTH:L Hong Minh - Lp 03N1 Khoa Cng Ngh Nhit-in Lnh

GVHD: TS Trn Thanh Sn Trang 5

Hnh 1.1: S n gin h thng nh my nhit in chu trnh hn hp tuabin

3 Thit b sinh hi 4 Tuabin hi

5 - Thit b ngng t 6 - Ca cp nhin liu tuabin kh

SVTH:L Hong Minh - Lp 03N1 Khoa Cng Ngh Nhit-in Lnh

GVHD: TS Trn Thanh Sn Trang 6

Nhng kiu kt hp khc c th c ng dng nh l qu trnh bay hi thy

- Qu trnh bay hi thy ngn thi khng cn ng dng nhiu k t khi nh

- Mi cht hp ph hay hi amoniac th c nhng u im hn so vi nc

Chng ta i n kt lun rng phng n kt hp mt chu trnh m ca tuabin

Hai l do chnh chu trnh hn hp tuabin kh/ tuabin hi dc p dng rng

- S dng chnh cc thit b c sn trong nh my nhit in vn hnh chu

- Khng kh l mt mi cht tng i an ton, sch v r c th c s dng

Ngoi ra qu trnh hi s dng nc cng l mi cht kinh t v d kim, nhng

SVTH:L Hong Minh - Lp 03N1 Khoa Cng Ngh Nhit-in Lnh

GVHD: TS Trn Thanh Sn Trang 7

Ngy nay tng cng sut ci t ca cc nh my nhit in chu trnh hn hp

Vit Nam nhng nm gn y p ng nhu cu in nng bc thit ca t nc,

- Nh my nhit in B Ra t 1997 lp t thm cc cm ui phn hi chu

-Trung Tm Nhit in Ph M tng cng sut hn 3000 MW

- Nh My Nhit in C Mau 1 cng sut 750 MW