Thiết Kế Hệ Thống Quảng Cáo Dùng Vi Điều Khiển AT89C51 Cũng Như Họ Vi Điều Khiển 8051

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M U
Cng vi s pht trin i ln cc doanh nghip thuc nhiu thnh phn,
trong mi lnh vc rt cn mt ch ng trn th trng, c bit l vn
qung b sn phm ca mnh tng tnh cnh tranh. Trong mt hnh
thc ng vai tr ht sc quan trng cho s thnh cng i vi doanh
nghip chnh l nh vo qung co.
Hin nay c rt nhiu hnh thc qung co khc nhau nh qung co bng
pha n p phic, bin k v, can Mt trong s nhng hnh thc c hiu
qu nht v ang c s dng rng ri l thng tin qung co bng
bng in t. lm c mt bng in t chng ta c th dng vi x l,
dng IC ri, dng EPROM, dng vi iu khin, hay iu khin bng my
tnh... Trong n tt nghip ny em xin trnh by thit k H Thng
Qung Co s dng vi iu khin AT89C51.
Trong qu trnh hc tp trng v c bit thi gian thit k n tt

nghip. y l dp c iu kin tt nht em c th tm hiu v vi iu
khin AT89C51 cng nh h vi iu khin 8051. c s hng dn v
c bit quan tm ca thy Phm Mnh Hng do m em chn ti
thit k H Thng Qung Co.
Em xin chn thnh cm n thy Phm Mnh Hng cng cc

thy c trong khoa TVT tn tnh hng dn em hon
thnh n tt nghip ny.
Hong Quang L -1-

EBOOKBKMT.COM - Cng ng chia s kin thc
CHNG I
TNG QUAN V H VI X L 8051
I. NHNG C IM C BN H VI X L 8051
1.Tm tt v lch s ca 8051.
Vo nm 1981, hng Intel gii thiu mt s b vi iu khin c gi l

8051. B vi iu khin ny c 128 byte RAM, 4K byte ROM, hai b nh
thi, mt cng ni tip v 4 cng 8 bit. Tt c u c tch hp trn mt
chp. Lc by gi, b vi iu khin nh vy c coi l mt h thng trn
chp. 8051 l mt b x l 8 bit, tc l CPU ch c th lm vic vi 8 bit
d liu. D liu ln hn 8 bit c chia ra thnh cc d liu 8 bit x l.
8051 c tt c 4 cng I/O mi cng rng 8 bit, c th c mt ROM trn
chp cc i l 64 K byte. Tuy nhin, lc cc nh sn xut cho xut
xng ch vi 4K byte ROM trn chp. 8051 tr nn ph bin sau khi
Intel cho php cc nh sn xut khc sn xut v bn bt k dng bin th
no ca 8051 m h thch vi iu kin h phi m chng trnh tng
thch vi 8051. T dn n s ra i nhiu phin bn ca 8051 vi cc
tc khc nhau. Tuy nhin, iu quan trng l mc d c nhiu bin th
ca 8051, nh khc nhau v tc v dung lng nh ROM trn chp,
nhng tt c cc lnh u tng thch vi 8051 ban u. iu ny c ngha
l nu ta vit chng trnh ca mnh cho mt phin bn no th n cng
s chy vi mi phin bn bt k khc m khng phn bit n t hng sn
xut no.
Hong Quang L -2-

2. B v iu khin 8051
B vi iu khin 8051 l thnh vin u tin ca h 8051. Hng Intel
k hiu n nh l MCS51
c tnh S lng
ROM trn chp 4K byte
RAM 128 byte
B nh thi 2
Cc chn vo - ra 32
Cng ni tip 1
Ngun ngt 6
Bng 1.1. Cc c tnh ca 8051 u tin
3. S khi chung ca h vi iu khin 8051
Interrupt control : iu khin ngt.
Other registers : Cc thanh ghi khc.
128 Byte RAM : RAM 128 Byte.
Timer 2, 1 , 0 : B nh thi 2 , 1 , 0
CPU : n v iu khin trung tm.
Oscillator : Mch dao ng.
Bus control: iu khin Bus
I/O ports: Cc ports vo/ ra
Serial port: port ni tip
Address/data : a ch/ d liu
Hong Quang L -3-

INT 1
INT 0
Timer 2 ( 8032,8052)
Timer 1
Timer 0 T 2 EX
Serial port
128 Byte
RAM ROM Timer 2
(8032/8052) (8032/8052) T2
Interrupt 0K - 8031/8032
Control Other 128 Byte 4K - 8051 Timer 1 T1
registers 8K - 8052
RAM Timer 0 T0
CPU
SERIAL
Oscillator Bus control I/O Port PORT
EA ALE
RST PSEN P0 P1 P2 P3
TXD RXD
Address/Data
Hnh 1.1. B tr bn trong ca s khi 8051
II. THNH VIN H VI X L 8051
1. B vi iu khin 8052:
B vi iu khin 8052 l mt thnh vin khc ca h 8051, 8052 c

tt c cc c tnh chun ca 8051 ngoi ra n c thm 128 byte RAM v
mt b nh thi na. Hay ni cch khc l 8052 c 256 byte RAM 3 b
nh thi v c 8K byte ROM trn chp thay v 4K byte nh 8051.
Hong Quang L -4-

c tnh 8051 8052 8031
ROM trn chp 4K byte 8K byte
RAM 128 byte 256 byte 128 byte
B nh thi 2 3 2
Chn vo - ra 32 32 32
Cng ni tip 1 1 1
Ngun ngt 6 8 6
Bng 1.2. So snh cc c tnh ca cc thnh vin h 8051.
Nh nhn thy t bng 1.2 th 8051 l tp con ca 8052, do vy tt c

mi chng trnh vit cho 8051 u chy trn 8052 nhng iu ngc li l
khng ng.
2. B vi iu khin 8031:
Mt thnh vin khc na ca 8051 l chp 8031. Chp ny thng

c coi nh l 8051 khng c ROM trn chp v n c OK byte ROM trn
chp. s dng chp ny ta phi b xung ROM ngoi cho n. ROM ngoi
phi cha chng trnh m 8031 s np v thc hin. So vi 8051 m
chng trnh c cha trong ROM trn chp b gii hn bi 4K byte, cn
ROM ngoi cha chng trinh c gn vo 8031 th c th ln n 64K
byte. Khi b xung cng, nh vy ch cn li 2 cng thao tc. gii
quyt vn ny ta c th b xung cng vo - ra cho 8031. Phi php 8031
vi b nh v cng vo - ra chng hn vi chp 8255. Ngoi ra cn c cc
phin bn khc nhau v tc ca 8031 t cc hng sn xut khc nhau.
3. Cc b vi iu khin 8051 t cc hng khc nhau.
Mc d 8051 l thnh vin phi bin nht ca h 8051 nhng chng

ta s thy n trong kho linh kin. l do 8051 c di nhiu dng kiu
b nh khc nhau nh UV - PROM, Flash v NV - RAM m chng u c
Hong Quang L -5-

s ng k linh kin khc nhau. Phin bn UV-PROM ca 8051 l 8751

Phin bn Flash ROM c bn bi nhiu hng khc nhau chng hn ca
Atmel corp vi tn gi l AT89C51 cn phin bn NV-RAM ca 8051 do
Dalas Semi Conductor cung cp th c gi l DS5000. Ngoi ra cn c
phin bn OTP (kh trnh mt ln) ca 8051 c sn xut bi rt nhiu
hng.
3.1. B vi iu khin 8751
Chp 8751 ch c 4K byte b nh UV-EPROM trn chp. s dng

chp ny pht trin yu cu truy cp n mt b t PROM cng nh b
xo UV- EPROM xo ni dung ca b nh UV-EPROM bn trong 8751
trc khi ta c th lp trnh li n. Do mt thc t l ROM trn chp i vi
8751 l UV-EPROM nn cn phi mt 20 pht xo 8751 trc khi n c
th c lp trnh tr li. iu ny dn n nhiu nh sn xut gii thiu
cc phin bn FLASH ROM v UV-RAM ca 8051. Ngoi ra cn c nhiu
phin bn vi cc tc khc nhau ca 8751 t nhiu hng khc nhau.
3.2. B vi iu khin AT8951 t Atmel Corporation.
Chp 8051 ph bin ny c ROM trn chp dng b nh Flash.

iu ny l l tng i vi nhng pht trin nhanh v b nh Flash c th
c xo trong vi giy trong tng quan so vi 20 pht hoc hn m 8751
yu cu. V l do ny m AT89C51 pht trin mt h thng da trn b
vi iu khin yu cu mt b t ROM m c h tr b nh Flash. Tuy
nhin li khng yu cu b xo ROM. Lu rng trong b nh Flash ta
phi xo ton b ni dung ca ROM nhm lp trnh li cho n. Vic xo
b nh Flash c thc hin bi chnh b t PROM v y chnh l l do
ti sao li khng cn n b xo. loi tr nhu cu i vi mt b t
PROM hng Atmel ang nghin cu mt phin bn ca AT 89C51 c th
c lp trnh qua cng truyn thng COM ca my tnh IBM PC .
Chn I/O
S linh kin ROM RAM Timer Ngt Vcc ng v
Hong Quang L -6-

AT89C51 4K 128 32 2 6 5V 40
AT89LV51 4K 128 32 2 6 3V 40
AT89C1051 1K 64 15 1 3 3V 20
AT89C2051 2K 128 15 2 6 3V 20
AT89C52 8K 256 32 3 8 5V 40
AT89LV52 8K 128 32 3 8 3V 40
Bng 1.3: Cc phin bn ca 8051 t Atmel (Flash ROM).
Ch C trong k hiu AT89C51 l CMOS.
Cng c nhng phin bn ng v v tc khc nhau ca nhng
sn phm trn y xem bng 1.4. V d rng ch C ng trc s 51
trong AT 89C51 -12PC l k hiu cho CMOS 12 k hiu cho 12 MHZ v
P l kiu ng v DIP v ch C cui cng l k hiu cho thng mi
(ngc vi ch M l qun s ). Thng thng AT89C51 - 12PC rt l
tng cho cc d n ca hc sinh, sinh vin.
M linh kin Tc S chn ng v Mc ch

AT89C51-12PC 42MHZ 40 DTP Thng mi
Bng 1.4: Cc phin bn 8051 vi tc khc nhau ca Atmel
3.3. B vi iu khin DS5000 t hng Dallas Semiconductor.

Mt phin bn ph bin khc na ca 8051 l DS5000 ca hng
Dallas Semiconductor. B nh ROM trn chp ca DS5000 di dng
NV-RAM. Kh nng c/ ghi ca n cho php chng trnh c np vo
ROM trn chp trong khi n vn trong h thng (khng cn phi ly ra).
iu ny cn c th c thc hin thng qua cng ni tip ca my tnh
IBM PC. Vic np chng trnh trong h thng (in-system) ca DS5000
thng qua cng ni tip ca PC lm cho n tr thnh mt h thng pht
trin ti ch l tng. Mt u vit ca NV-RAM l kh nng thay i ni
dung ca ROM theo tng byte ti mt thi im. iu ny tng phn vi
b nh Flash v EPROM m b nh ca chng phi c xo sch trc
khi lp trnh li cho chng.
Hong Quang L -7-

M linh kin ROM RAM Chn I/O Timer Ngt Vcc ng v

DS5000-8 8K 128 32 2 6 5V 40
DS5000-32 32K 128 32 2 6 5V 40
DS5000T-8 8K 128 32 2 6 5V 40
DS5000T-8 32K 128 32 2 6 5V 40
Bng 1.5: Cc phin bn 8051 t hng Dallas Semiconductor.
Ch T ng sau 5000 l c ng h thi gian thc.
Lu rng ng h thi gian thc RTC l khc vi b nh thi
Timer. RTC to v gi thi gian l pht gi, ngy, thng - nm k c khi tt
ngun.
Cn c nhiu phin bn DS5000 vi nhng tc v kiu ng gi
khc nhau. V d DS5000-8-8 c 8K NV-RAM v tc 8MHZ. Thng
thng DS5000-8-12 hoc DS5000T-8-12 l l tng i vi cc d n ca
sinh vin.
M linh kin NV- RAM Tc
DS5000-8-8 8K 8MHz
DS5000-8-12 8K 12MHz
DS5000-32-8 32K 8MHz
DS5000T-32-12 32K 8MHz (with RTC)
DS5000-32-12 32K 12MHz
DS5000-8-12 8K 12MHz (with RTC)

Bng 1.6: Mt s thnh vin ca h 8051
3.4. Phin bn OTP ca 8051.

Cc phin bn OTP ca 8051 l cc chp 8051 c th lp trnh c
mt ln v c cung cp t nhiu hng sn xut khc nhau. Cc phin bn
Hong Quang L -8-

Flash v NV-RAM thng c dng pht trin sn phm mu. Khi mt

sn phm c thit k v c hon thin tuyt i th phin bn OTP
ca 8051 c dng sn hng lot v gi thnh mt n v sn phm s
r hn.
3.5. H 8051 t Hng Philips
Mt nh sn xut chnh ca h 8051 khc na l Philips Corporation.

Tht vy, hng ny c mt di la chn rng ln cho cc b vi iu khin
h 8051. Nhiu sn phm ca hng c km theo cc c tnh nh cc b
chuyn i ADC, DAC, cng I/0 m rng v c cc phin bn OTP v
Flash.
Hong Quang L -9-

CHNG II
GII THIU VI IU KHIN AT89C51
1. S Khi Ca Vi iu Khin AT89C51

P0.0 - P0.7 P2.0 - P2.7
Vcc
PORT 0 DRIVE PORT 0 DRIVE
GND
RAM ADD PORT 0 PORT 2

RAM FLASH
REGISTER LATCH LATCH
PROGRAM
B STACK ADDRESS
ACC
REGISTER POINTER REGISTER
BUFFER
TMP2 TMP1
PC
ALU INCREMENTER
INTERRUPT SERIAL PORT

AND TIMER BLOCKS
PROGRAM
PSW COUNTER
PSEN
ALE/PROG TIMING
INTRUCTION DPTR
EA/Vpp AND REGISTER
CONTROL
RST
PORT 1 PORT 3
LATCH LATCH
OSC
PORT 1 DRIVE PORT 3 DRIVE
P1.0 - P1.7 P3.0 - P3.7
Hnh 2.1: S Khi Ca Vi iu Khin AT89C51
Hong Quang L -10-

2. c Tnh Ca AT89C51
Chp AT89C51 cha trn 60000 Transistor bao gm 4Kbyte ROM, 128Byte
RAM, 32 ng xut nhp, 1 Port ni tip v 2 b nh thi 16 bit. Mt s
lng mch ng ch trong IC n. Cc thnh vin mi c thm vo
cho h MCS-51 v cc bin th ny gn nh c gp i cc c trng ny.
Tp on Seimens, ngun sn xut th hai cc b vi iu khin thuc h
MCS-50 cung cp Chp SAB80515, mt ci tin ca 8051 cha trong mt
v 68 chn, c 6 Port xut nhp 8-bit, 13 ngun to ra ngt v mt b bin
i A/D 8-bit vi 8 knh ng vo. H 8051 l mt trong nhng b vi iu
khin 8-bit mnh v linh hot nht, tr thnh b vi iu khin hng u
trong nhng nm gn y.
- C th vi iu khin AT89C51 l 1 IC c tch hp trn h vi x l.
- IC AT98C51 c 40 chn.
- 4KB ROM trong v c th ghi xo c 1000 ln.
- Di tn s hot ng t 0MHz 24MHz.
- 128x8 bit RAM trong.
- 4 Cng vo ra 8 bit.
- 2 B nh thi 16 bit.
- C 6 nguyn nhn ngt.
- C th lp trnh c qua cng ni tip.
- 210 bit c a ch ho.
- Giao tip ni tip.
Hong Quang L -11-

3. S chn v chc nng cc chn ca Chp AT89C51
1 P 1.0 Vcc 40
2 P 1.1 P 0.0 39
3 P 1.2 P 0.1 38
4 P 1.3 P 0.2 37
5 P 1.4 P 0.3 36
6 P 1.5 P 0.4 35
7 P 1.6 P 0.5 34
8 P 1.7 P 0.6 33
9 RST INTEL P 0.7 32
RXD 10 P 3.0 89C51 EA 31
TXD 11 P 3.1 ALE 30
LNT 0 12 P 3.2 PSEN 29

LNT 1 13 P 3.3 P 2.7 28
T0 14 P 3.4 P 2.6 27
T1 15 P 3.5 P 2.5 26
WR 16 P 3.6 P 2.4 25
RD 17 P 3.7 P 2.3 24
18 XTAL 2 P 2.2 23
19 XTAL 1 P 2.1 22
20 Vss P 2.0 21
Hnh 2.2: S chn v chc nng cc chn ca Chp AT89C51
Hong Quang L -12-

- PORT 0 : Nm trn cc chn t 32 n 39 c 2 cng dng. Trong

cc thit k c ti thiu thnh phn th Port 0 c s dng lm nhim v
xut/nhp. Trong cc thit k ln hn c b nh ngoi, Port 0 tr thnh Bus
a ch v Bus d liu a hp..
- PORT 1 : Nm trn cc chn 1 n 8, ch c mt cng dng l

gao tip vi thit b ngoi khi c yu cu.
- PORT 2 : Nm trn cc chn 21 n 28 c 2 cng dng hoc lm

nhim v xut/nhp hoc l Byte a ch cao ca BUS a ch 16 bit cho
cc thit k c nhiu hn 256Byte b nh d liu ngoi.
- PORT 3 : Nm trn cc chn 10 n 17 c 2 cng dng. mt l

chc nng xut/nhp bnh thng cn khi khng hot ng xut nhp cc
chn ca PORT 3 c nhiu chc nng ring . C th cc chc nng ca cc
chn PORT 3 nh sau :
Bit Tn a ch Bit Chc nng

P 3.0 RxD B0H Nhn d liu ca Port ni tip
P 3.1 TxD B1H Pht d liu ca Port ni tip.
P3.2 INT 0 B2H Ng vo ngt ngoi 0
P 3.3 INT 1 B3H Ng vo ngt ngoi 1
P 3.4 T0 B4H Ng vo ca b nh thi/m 0.
P 3.5 T1 B5H Ng vo ca b nh thi/m 1
P 3.6 WR B6H iu khin ghi b nh d liu ngoi.
P 3.7 RD B7H iu khin c b nh d liu ngoi.
Bng 2.1: Cc chc nng ca PORT 3
- Chn cho php b nh chng trnh PSEN
8051 Cung cp cho ta 4 tn hiu iu khin BUS. Tn hiu cho php

b nh chng trnh PSEN (Program Store Enable) l tn hiu xut trn
chn 29. y l tn hiu iu khin cho php ta truy xut b nh chng
Hong Quang L -13-

trnh ngoi. Chn ny thng c ni vi chn cho php xut OE ( Output

Enable) ca EPROM hoc ROM cho php c cc Byte lnh.
Tn hiu PSEN mc Logic 0 trong sut thi gian tm np lnh, cc

m nh phn ca chng trnh hay m thao tc (Opcode) c c t
EPROM qua BUS d liu v c cht vo thanh ghi IR ca 8051 c
gii m.
Khi thc thi mt chng trnh cha ROM ni PSEN c duy tr

mc Logic tch cc 1.
- Chn cho php cht a ch ALE.
Chn ny nm trn chn 30 ca 8051 l chn xut tn hiu cho php

cht a ch ALE (Address Latch Enable) gii a hp. Bus d liu v
Bus a ch. Khi Port 0 c s dng lm Bus a ch/d liu a hp chn
ALE xut tn hiu cht a ch ( Byte thp ca a ch 16bit) vo mt
thanh ghi ngoi trong sut 1/2 u chu k b nh. Sau khi iu ny c
thc hin cc chn ca Port 0 s xut nhp d liu hp l trong sut 1/2 th
2 ca chu k b nh.
Tn hiu ALE c tn s bng 1/6 tn s ca mch dao ng bn trong

vi iu khin v c th c dng lm xung Clock cho phn cn li ca h
thng. Nu mch dao ng c tn s 12MHz, tn hiu ALE c tn s
2MHz. Ngoi l duy nht l trong thi gian thc thi lnh MOVX, mt xung
ALE s b b qua. Chn ALE cn c dng nhn xung ng vo lp
trnh cho EPROM trn CHIP i vi cc phin bn ca 8051 c EPROM
ny.
- Chn truy xut ngoi EA.
Ng vo ny chn 31 c th c ni vi ngun +5V (Logic 1)

hoc GND (Logic 0). Nu chn ny ni ln 5V , 8051/8052 thc thi
Hong Quang L -14-

chng trnh trong ROM ni( chng trnh nh hn 4K/8K). Nu chn ny

ni vi GND( v chn PSEN cng mc Logic 0), chng trnh cn thc
thi cha b nh ngoi. i vi 8031/8032 chn EA phi mc Logic 0
v chng khng c b nh chng trnh trn CHIP. Nu chn EA mc
Logic 0 i vi 8051/8052, ROM ni bn trong CHIP c v hiu ho v
chng trnh cn thc thi cha EPROM bn ngoi.
Cc phin bn EPROM ca 8051 cn s dng chn EA lm chn

nhn in p cp ngun 21VPP cho vic lp trnh EPROM ni ( Np
EPROM).
- Chn RESET ( RST).
Ng vo RST chn 9 l ng vo xo chnh (Master reset) ca 8051

dng thit lp li trng thi ban u cho h thng hay cn gi tt l
Reset h thng. Khi ng vo ny c treo mc Logic 1 ti thiu hai chu
k my , cc thanh ghi bn trong ca 8051 c np cc gi tr thch hp
cho vic khi ng li h thng.
- Cc chn thch anh XTAL 1 v XTAL 2.
Nm trn chn 18 v 19 ca CHIP, 2 chn ny c dng ni vi

thch anh ngoi nhm ti to dao ng v xc nh tn s lm vic cho
mch dao ng bn trong CHIP. Kt hp vi thch anh c thm 2 t gm
n nh tn s dao ng. Tn s danh nh ca thch anh l 12MHz cho
hu ht cc CHIP ca h MCS - 51.
Hong Quang L -15-

IC 1
8051
Oscillator
18 19
X1
C1 12MHz C2
30pF 30pF
Hnh 2.3: Mch dao ng Thch Anh XTAL 1 v XTAL 2
Hoc ta cng c th dng mt ngun xung CLOCK TTL to dao

ng cho 8051 nh mch sau :
IC 1
TTL
18
8051
Oscillator
Oscillator
19
74LS04
Hnh 2.4: Mch dao ng
4. Cu trc ca PORT In/Out.
- S cu trc bn trong ca chn PORT xut/nhp nh sau :
Hong Quang L -16-

8051 Internal bus
V DD
Read Interrnal Read
latch Pull-up pin
Porrt
pin
D Q
Port
Write Latch
to Latch
Hnh 2.5: Cu trc ca PORT In/Out

Vic ghi n 1 chn ca Port s np d liu vo b cht ca Port, ng
ra Q ca b cht iu khin mt Transistor trng v Transistor ny ni vi
chn ca Port. Kh nng phn chia u ra (Fan - out) ca cc Port 1, 2 v 3
l 4 ti vi mch TTL loi Schottky cng sut thp (LS) cn ca Port 0 l 8
ti loi LS.
Lu l in tr ko ln (Pull Up) khng c Port 0 ( tr khi port ny lm
nhim v ca Port a ch d liu a hp) Do vy phi ni thm mt in
tr ko ln bn ngoi cho Port 0.
Gi tr in tr ny ph thuc vo c tnh ng vo ca thnh phn ghp
ni vi chn ca Port.
y ta thy c 2 kh nng " c b cht" v "c chn port". Cc lnh
yu cu thao tc c - sa - ghi, c b cht trnh nhm mc in p do
s hiu nhm in p do s kin dng ti tng. Cc lnh nhp mt Bit ca
Port, c chn port. Trong trng hp ny b cht ca port phi cha 1 nu
khng FET s c kch bo ho v iu ny ko ng ra xung mc thp.
Vic Reset h thng s set tt c cc b cht port. Do vy cc chn port c
th c dng lm cc ng nhp m khng cn phi SET cc b cht port
mt cch tng minh. Tuy nhin nu mt b cht port b xo (nh CLR
P1.5). Chn Port khng th lm nhim v tip theo l ng nhp tr khi
trc tin ta phi SET b cht ( nh SETB P1.5).
Hong Quang L -17-

5. T chc b nh
a a
ch a chBit ch a chBit
Byte ( Bit Address ) Byte ( Bit Address )
7F FF
F0 EF EE ED EC EB EA E9 E8 B
80 Byte
V ng RAM adng
(General PurposeRAM) E0 E7 E6 E5 E4 E3 E2 E1 E0 ACC
30 D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 PSW
2F 7F 7E 7D 7C 7B 7A 79 78
2E 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 B8 BF BE BD BC BB BA B9 B8 IP
2D 6F 6E 6D 6C 6B 6A 69 68
Bit addressable locations
2C 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 B0 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 P3
2B 5F 5E 5D 5C 5B 5A 59 58
2A 56 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 A8 AF AE AD AC AB AA A9 A8 IE
29 4F 4E 4D 4C 4B 4A 49 48
A0 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 P2
28 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40
27 3F 3E 3D 3C 3B 3A 39 38
99 Not bit addressable SBUF
26 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30
98 9F 9E 9D 9C 9B 9A 99 98 SCON
25 2F 2E 2D 2C 2B 2A 29 28
24 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 90 97 96 95 94 83 92 91 90 P1
23 1F 1E 1D 1C 1B 1A 19 18
22 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 8D Not bit addressable TH1
21 0F 0E 0D 0C 0B 0A 09 08 8C Not bit addressable TH0
20 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 8B Not bit addressable TL1
1F 8A Not bit addressable TL0
18
BANK 3 8 89 Not bit addressable TMOD
88 8F 8E 8D 8C 8B 8A 89 88 TCON
17
32 Byte
BANK 2 8 87 Not bit addressable PCON

10
0F
83 Not bit addressable DPH
08 BANK 1 8
82 Not bit addressable DPL
07 Defauk register 81 Not bit addressable SP
00 8 80 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 P0
Bank for R0 - R7
RAM Thanh ghi chc

(Cu trc RAM ni) nng c bit
Hnh 2.6: T chc b nh RAM
B nh bn trong 89C51 bao gm ROM v RAM.
Hong Quang L -18-

RAM bao gm nhiu thnh phn : Phn lu tr a dng, phn lu tr

a ch ha tng bit, cc thanh ghi (BANK) v cc thanh ghi chc nng c
bit ( Special Funtion Registers).
AT89C50 c b nh theo cu trc : C nhng vng nh ring bit

cho chng trnh v d liu. Chng trnh v d liu c th cha bn trong
AT89C51 nhng AT89C51 vn c th kt ni vi 64K Byte b nh chng
trnh v 64KByte b nh d liu m rng.
RAM bn trong AT89C51 c phn chia nh sau :
- Cc thanh ghi c a ch t 00H n 1FH
- RAM a ch ha tng bit c a ch t 20H n 2FH.
- RAM a dng t 30H n 7FH.
- Cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit t 80H n FFH.
- RAM a dng
Mi a ch trong vng RAM a dng u c th c truy xut t

do dng kiu a ch trc tip hay gin tip.
Hoc truy xut dng cch a ch gin tip qua R0 hay R1.
- RAM c th truy xut tng bit.
AT89C51 cha 210 bit c a ch ho tng bit, trong 128 bit

cha cc a ch t 20H n 2FH, cc bit cn li cha trong nhm thanh
ghi chc nng c bit.
tng truy xut tng bit bng phn mm l mt c tnh mnh ca

vi iu khin ni chung. Cc bit c th c t, xo, nhn, cng... vi 1
lnh n. Ngoi ra cc Port cng c th truy xut c tng bit lm n
gin phn mm xut nhp tng bit.
- Cc thanh ghi (BANK).
Hong Quang L -19-

B lnh AT89C51 h tr 8 thanh ghi c tn l t R0 n R7 v theo

mc nh ( sau khi RESET h thng ), cc thanh ghi ny cc a ch 00H
n 07F. Lnh sau y s c ni dung a ch 05H vo thanh ghi tch lu.
MOV A,R5
y l lnh 1Byte dng a ch thanh ghi. Tuy nhin c th thi hnh bng
lnh 2Byte dng a ch trc tip nm trong Byte rh 2 :
MOV A,05H
Lnh dng cc thanh ghi R0 n R7 th s ngn hn v nhanh hn nhiu so

vi lnh tng ng dng a ch trc tip.
Thanh ghi tch cc bng cch thay i cc bit trong thanh ghi trng
thi chng trnh (PSW)
Gi s bng thanh ghi th 3 ang c truy xut, lnh sau y s di chuyn

ni dung ca thanh ghi A vo nh c a ch 18H
MOV R0,A
- Cc thanh ghi c chc nng c bit.
AT89C51 c 21 thanh ghi chc nng c bit ( SFR : Special Function

Register) vng trn ca RAM ni t a ch 80H n FFH.
Tt c 128 a ch t 80H n FFH khng c nh ngha, ch c 21 thanh

ghi chc nng nng c bit c nh ngha sn cc a ch.
- Thanh ghi trng thi chng trnh.
Thanh ghi trng thi chng trnh PSW (Program Status Word) a
ch D0H cha cc bit trng thi nh bng sau :
BIT K HIU A CH NGHA

PSW .7 CY D7H C nh.
PSW .6 AC D6H C nh ph.
PSW .5 F0 D5H C 0.
Hong Quang L -20-

PSW .4 RS1 D4H Bit 1 chn Bank thanh ghi.

Bit 0 chn Bank thanh ghi.
00 = Bank 0 : a ch 00H - 07H.
PSW .3 RS0 D3H 01 = Bank 1 : a ch 08H - 0FH.
10 = Bank 2 : a ch 10H - 17H,
11 = Bank 3 : a ch 18H - 1FH

PSW .2 0V D2H C trn.
PSW .1 _ D1H D tr.
PSW .0 P D0H C Parity chn l.
Bng 2.2: Bng Thanh ghi trng thi chng trnh
+ C nh : C = 1 Nu php ton cng c trn hoc php ton tr c mn

v ngc li C = 0.
Nu thanh ghi A c gi tr FF th lnh sau : ADD A,#1 . Php cng ny c

trn nn bit C = 1 v kt qu trong thanh ghi A = 00H.
C nh c th xem l thanh ghi 1 bit cho cc lun l thi hnh trn bit
ANL C,25H
+ C nh ph : Khi cng cc s BCD, c nh ph AC = 1. Nu kt qu 4

bit thp trong khong 0AH n 0FH, ngc li AC = 0.
+ C 0 : C 0 l c a dng dnh cho cc ng dng ca ngi dng.
+ Cc bit chn Bank thanh ghi truy xut :
Cc bit chn Bank thanh ghi (RS0 v RS1) xc nh Bank thanh ghi
c truy xut. Chng c xo sau khi RESET h thng v c thay i
bng phn mm nu cn.
Lnh sau cho php Bank thanh ghi 3 v di chuyn ni dung ca thanh ghi
R7 (a ch byte 1Fh) vo thanh ghi A :
Hong Quang L -21-

SETB RS1
SETB RS0
MOV A,R7
- Thanh ghi B.
Thanh ghi B a ch F0H c dng cng vi thanh ghi tch lu A cho

cc php ton nhn v chia. Lnh MUL AB s nhn cc gi tr khng du
8bit trong A v B ri tr kt qu v 16bit trong A (Byte thp) v B (Byte
cao). Lnh DIV AB s chia A cho B ri tr kt qu nguyn trong A v phn
d trong B. Thanh ghi cng c th xem nh thanh ghi m a dng.
- Con tr ngn xp.
Con tr ngn xp SP l mt thanh ghi 8 bit a ch 18H. N cha a ch

ca Byte d liu hin hnh trn nh ca ngn xp. Cc lnh trn ngn xp
bao gm cc lnh ct d liu vo ngn xp v ly d liu ra khi ngn
xp.. Lnh ct d liu vo ngn xp s lm tng SP trc khi ghi d liu v
lnh ly d liu ra khi ngn xp. Lnh ct d liu vo ngn xp s lm
gim SP. Ngn xp ca 89C51 c ct gi trong RAM ni v gii hn cc
a ch c th truy xut bng cc a ch gin tip, chng l 128Byte u
ca AT89C51.
khi ng SP vi ngn xp bt u ti a ch 60H, ta dng lnh sau :
MOV SP,#5FH
Nu khng dng lnh khi ng SP hoc khi RESET li AT89C51

th SP s bt u ti a ch mc nh l 07H v d liu u tin s c ct
vo nh ngn xp c a ch l 08H. Ngn xp c truy xut trc tip
bng cc lnh PUSH v POP lu tr tm thi v ly li d liu hoc truy
xut ngm bng lnh gi chng trnh con ACALL, LCALL v cc lnh tr
Hong Quang L -22-

v RET, RETI lu tr gi tr ca b m chng trnh khi bt u thc

hin chng trnh con v ly li khi kt thc chng trnh con.
- Con tr d liu DPRT ( Data Pointer).
Con tr DPTR c dng truy xut b nh ngoi, DPTR l mt

thanh ghi 16bit a ch 28H (DPL , Byte thp) v 83H ( DPH , Byte cao).
Ba lnh sau s ghi 55H vo RAM ngoi a ch 1000H
MOV A,#55H
MOV DPTR,#1000H
MOVX @DPTR,A
Lnh u tin s dng kiu nh a ch tc thi np hng d liu

55H vo thanh ghi cha A. Lnh th 2 cng s dng kiu nh a ch tc
thi, np hng a ch 16bit 1000H cho con tr d liu DPTR. Lnh th 3
s dng kiu nh a ch gin tip di chuyn gi tr 55H cha trong A n
RAM ngoi ti c ch cha trong DPTR (1000H).
- Cc thanh ghi PORT.
Cc Port xut nhp ca 89C51 bao gm Port 0 ti a ch 80H, Port 1

ti a ch 90H, Port 2 ti a ch A0H v Port 3 ti a ch B0H. cc Port
0,2,3 khng c dng xut nhp nu s dng thm b nh ngoi hoc
nu c mt s c tnh c bit ca 89C51 c s dng ( nh l ngt, Port
ni tip.....).P1.2 n P1.7, ngc li, lun lun l cc ng xut nhp a
mc ch hp l.
Tt c cc Port u c nh a ch tng bit nhm cung cp cc

kh nng giao tip mnh.
Th d ta c mt ng c mt cun dy v mt mch kch dng

Transistor ni ti bit 7 ca Port 1, ng c c th ngng hay chy ch nh
vo
Hong Quang L -23-

+B
+5V
8051 Internal bus

ng
c
V DD
Read Interrnal Read
latch Pull-up pin
Porrt
pin 1.7
D Q
Port
Write Latch
to Latch
Hinh 2.7: Mt lnh n ca 8051.
SETB P1.7 s lm ng c chy v lnh CLR P1.7 lm ng c ngng.
Cc lnh trn s dng ton t (dot) nh ch 1 bit trong 1Byte cho php
nh a ch tng bit.
Trnh dch hp ng thc hin bin i dng k hiu thnh a ch thc t

ngha l 2 lnh sau s tng ng
CLR P.17 tng ng vi lnh CLR 97H.
- Cc thanh ghi nh thi (Timer)
AT89C51 cha 2 b nh thi 2 b nh thi/ m 16bit c dng cho

vic nh thi hoc m s kin. Timer 0 a ch 8AH (TL0 : Byte thp)
v 8CH (TH0 : Byte cao). Timer 1 a ch 8BH (TL0 : Byte thp) v 8DH
( TH1 : Byte cao). Vic khi ng Timer c SET bi TIMER Mode
(TMOD) a ch 89H v thanh ghi iu khin
Timer (TCON) a ch 88H, ch c TCON c a ch ho tng bit.
- Cc thanh ghi ni tip.
Hong Quang L -24-

AT89C51 cha mt Port ni tip dnh cho vic trao i thng tin vi cc
thit b ni tip nh my tnh, Modem hoc giao tip ni tip vi cc IC
khc. Mt thanh ghi gi l b m d liu ni tip (SBUF) a ch 99H s
gi c 2 d liu truyn v d liu nhn. Khi truyn d liu th ghi ln
SBUF, khi nhn d liu th c SBUF. Cc mode vn hnh khc nhau c
lp trnh ghi iu khin port ni tip SCON a ch 98H.
- Cc thanh ghi ngt.
Thc t 8051 ch c 5 ngt dnh cho ngi dng, song nhiu ti liu k
thut ca cc nh sn xut vn ni rng c 6 ngt v h tnh c lnh reset b
tr su ngt ca 8051 nh sau:
-Reset: khi chn reset c kch hot th 8051 nhy v a ch 0000
-Hai ngt dnh cho b nh thi time 0 v time 1, ia ch bng vector

ngt ca hai ngt ny tng ng vi time 0 v time 1 l 000B4 v 001B4
Hai ngt phn cng dnh cho cc thit b bn ngoi ni ti chn 12 (P3.2)
v 13 (P3.2) ca cng P3 l INTO v INT1 tng ng. Cc ngt ngoi cng
cn c gi l EX1 v EX2. V tr nh trong bng vector ngt ca hai ngt
INT0 v INT1 ny l 0003H v 0013H
Truyn thng ni tip c mt ngt cho c thu ln pht, a ch na

ngt ny trong bng vector ngt 0023H
Bng vector ngt ca 8051
Ngt a ch ROM (Hexa) Chn

RESET 0000 9
Ngt phn cng ngoi (INTO) 0003 12 (P3 : 2)
Ngt b timer 0 (TFO) 0008
Ngt phn cng ngoi 1 (INT1) 0013 12 (P3 : 3)
Ngt b timer 1 (TF1) 0018
Ngt COM ni tip (R1 v T1) 0023
Hong Quang L -25-

ORG 0 ; a ch bt u ca ROM khi khi ng li

LJMP MAIN ;b qua bng vector ngt
; Chng trnh khi ng li
ORG30H
MAIN:
.
END
Bng 2.3: Bng vector ngt ca 8051
- Cho pht ngt v cm ngt
Khi reset th tt c mi ngt b cm, c ngha l khng c ngt no c b

vi iu khin p ng nu chng c kch hot. cc ngt phi c cho
php bng phn mm b vi iu khin c th p ng c. C mt
thanh ghi c gi l cho php ngt IE (Interrup Enable), chu trch nhim
v vic cho php ngt v cm cc ngt IE l thanh ghi c th nh a ch
bit.
Thanh ghi cho pht ngt IE
D7 D0
EA ---- ET2 ES ET1 EX1 ET0 EX0

EA IE.7 Nu EA=0 th khng ngt no c bo nhn
Nu EA=1 th tng ngun ngt s c m hoc cm
bng cch bt hoc xa bit cho pht tng ng
-- IE.6 D phng cho tng li
ET2 IE.5 Cho php hoc cm ngt chn hoc thu ca timer 2 (89C52)
ES IE.4 Cho php hoc cm cng ni tip
ET1 IE.3 Cho php hoc cm ngt trn ca time 1
EX1 IE.2 Cho php hoc cm ngt ngoi 1
ET0 IE.1 Cho php hoc cm ngt trn ca time 0
EX0 IE.0 Cho php hoc cm ngt ngoi 0
* Cc bit ny c th dng cc b vi iu khin c c tnh mi trong
Hong Quang L -26-

tng lai
Bng 2.4: Thanh ghi cho pht ngt IE
- Cc bc thc hin khi cho php mt ngt
cho php 1 ngt, trnh t thc hin cc bc nh sau
bit D7 ca thanh ghi IE l EA phi c bt ln cao cho php cc bit

cn li ca thanh ghi c hiu lc.
Nu EA=1 th tt c mi ngt u c php v s c p ng nu

cc bit tng ng ca cc ngt ny trong IE c mc cao.
Nu EA=0 th khng c ngt no c p ng cho d bit tng ng

trong IE c gi tr cao.
- Thanh ghi iu khin cng sut.
Thanh ghi iu khin cng sut (PCON) a ch 87H cha cc bit

iu khin.
- Tn hiu RESET.
AT89C51 c ng vo RESET (RST) tc ng mc cao trong khong thi

gian 2 chu k sau xung mc thp AT89C51 bt u lm vic. RST
Hong Quang L -27-

c th kch tay bng mt phm nhn thng m. s mch RESET nh

hnh sau:
Thanh ghi quan trng nht l thanh ghi b m chng trnh PC c

RESET ti a ch 0000H. Ni dung ca RAM trong chp khng b thay i
bi tc ng ca ng vo RESET.
RESET +5V INTEL

C1
10/16
89C51
9 RST
R2
100 R1
10K
H
nh 1a : Mch RESET cho 89C51
Hnh 2.8: Mch RESET
Bng gi tr ca cc thanh ghi sau khi RESET h thng :
THANH GHI NI DUNG

B m chng trnh 0000H
Thanh cha A 00H
Thanh ghi B 00H
PSW 00H
SP 07H
DPTR 0000H
Port 0 3 xxx00000B
xx000000B
IP
0xx00000B
Cc thanh ghi nh 00H
Hong Quang L -28-

SCON 00H
SBUF 00H
PCON (HMOS) 0xxxxxxxB
PCON (CMOS) 0xxx0000B
Bng 2.5: Bng gi tr ca cc thanh ghi sau khi RESET h thng
6. Hot ng Ca Thanh Ghi TIME
AT89C51 c hai timer 16 bit, mi timer c bn cch lm vic. Ngi ta s

dng cc timer :
nh khong thi gian
m s kin
To tc baud port ni tip trong 89C51.
Trong cc ng dng nh khong time, ngi ta lp trnh timer
nhng khong u n v t c trn timer. C c dng ng b ha
chng trnh thc hin mt tc ng nh kim tra trng thi ca cc ng
vo hoc gi s kin ra cc ng ra. Cc ng dng khc c th s dng vic
to xung nhp u n ca timer o thi gian tri qua gia hai s kin
(Vi d o rng xung).
Truy xut cc timer ca AT89C51 dng su thanh ghi chc nng c

bit cho trong bng sau:
SFR Mc ch a ch a ch ha tng
bit
TCON iu khim timer 88H C
TMOD Ch timer 89H Khng
TLO Byte thp ca Timer 0 90H Khng
TL1 Byte thp ca Timer 1 91H Khng
TH0 Byte cao ca Timer 0 92H Khng
TH1 Byte cao ca Timer 1 93H Khng
Hong Quang L -29-

Cc Thanh nghi chc nng ca timer trong 8031

Bng 2.6: Cc Thanh nghi chc nng ca timer trong 8031
Thanh Ghi Ch Timer (TMOD):
C hai b nh thi timer 0 v timer 1 u dng chung mt thanh

nghi c gi l TMOD thit lp cc ch lm vic khc nhau ca b
nh thi. Thanh ghi TMOD l thanh nghi 8 bt gm c 4 bt dnh cho b
timer0 v 4 bt dnh cho timer 1. Trong hai bt thp ca chng dung
thit lp ch ca b nh thi, cn 2 bt cao dng xc nh php ton.
Di y chung ta s tm hiu v cc pht ton.
Bt Tn Timer M t
7 Gate 1 Bt m cng = 0, Set TRx
6 C/T 1 Bt chn ch Count/ Timer
1=b m s kin
0 = B nh khong thi gian

5 M1 1 Bt 1 ca ch mode
3 GATE 0 Bt m cng = 0, Set TRx
2 C/T 0 Bt chn ch Count/ Timer

Hong Quang L -30-

Tm tt thanh nghi chc nng TMOD
Bng 2.7: Tm tt thanh nghi chc nng TMOD
Thanh Ghi iu Khin Timer (TCON)
Thanh nghi TCON cha cc bt trng thi v cc bt iu khin cho timer 1,

timer 0.
Bt K a ch M t
hiu
TCON 7 TF1 8FH C bn trn timer 1. t bi phn cng khi
trn, c xa b phn mm, hoc phn cng khi
b x l ch n chng trnh phc v ngt
TCON 6 TR1 8EH Bt iu khin timer 1 chy t xa bng
phn mm cho tim chy ngng
TCON 5 TF0 8DH C bo trn timer 0
TCON 4 TR0 8CH Bt iu khin timer 0 chy
TCON 3 IE1 8BH C cnh ngt 1 bn ngoi. t bi phn
cng khi pht hin mt cnh xung INT1 xa
bng phn mm hoc phn cng khi CPU ch n
chng trnh phc v ngt
TCON 2 IT1 8AH C kiu ngt 1 bn ngoi. t xa bng
phn mm ngt ngoi tich cc cnh xung
Hong Quang L -31-

mc thp
TCON 1 IE0 89H C cnh ngt 0 bn ngoi
TCON 0 IT0 88H C cnh ngt 0 bn ngoi
Bng 2.8: Cc thanh nghi chc nng ca timer trong 8031
Chng ta bit cng dng ca cc c TR0 v TR1 bt/tt cc b

nh thi. Cc bt ny thuc thanh ghi iu khin b nh thi TCON (Time
Control). y l thanh ghi 8 bt nh bng trn gii thiu, bn bt cao dng
lu cc TF, TR cho c timer 0 v time 1. Cn bn bt thp c thit lp
dnh cho iu khin bt ngt. Cng cn lu rng thanh ghi TCON l
thanh nghi c th nh a ch bt c ln hon ton c th thay cc lnh
nh SETB TR1 v CLR TR1 bng cc lnh tng ng nh SET
TCON.6 v CLR TCON.6, xem bng sau.
SETB TR0 = SETB TCON.4

SETB TR0 = CLR TCON.4
i vi timer 0
SETB TF0 = SETB TCON.5
CLR TF0 = CLR TCON.5
SETB TR1 = SETB TCON.6
CLR TR1 = CLR TCON.6
i vi Timer 1
SETB TF1 = SETB TCON.7
CLR TF1 = CLR TCON.7
Bng 2.9: Cc lnh tng ng i vi thanh ghi iu khin b nh thi
Khi ng V Truy Xut Thanh Ghi Timer
Thng thng cc thanh ghi c khi ng mt ln u chng trinh

t ch lm vic ng. Sau trong thn chng trnh, cc thanh ghi
timer c cho chy, dng cc bt c kim tra v xa, cc thanh ghi
timer c c v cp nht theo di hi cc ng dng.
Hong Quang L -32-

TMOD l thanh ghi th nht c khi ng v n t ch hot ng.

V d, cc lnh sau khi ng timer 1 nh timer 16 bt (Ch 1) c xung
nhp t b dao ng trn chp cho vic nh khong thi gian.
MOV TMOD, #1B
Lnh ny s t M1 = 1 v M0 = 0 cho ch 1, C/T=0 v Gate = 0 cho

xung nhp ni v xa cc bt ch Timer 0. D nhin, timer khng tht s
bt u nh thi cho n khi bt iu khin chy TR1 c t ln 1.
Nu cn s m ban u, cc thanh ghi TL1/TH1 cng phi c khi

ng, mt khong 100m c th c khi ng bng cc khi ng gi tr
cho TH1/TL1 l FF9CH
MOV TL1 , #9CH
MOV TH1 , #0FFH
Ri timer c cho chy bng cch t bt iu khin chy nh sau:
SETB TR1
C bo trn c t ng t ln mt sau 100m. Phn mm c th i

trong 100m bng cch dng lnh r nhnh c iu kin nhy n chnh n
trong khi c bo trn cha c ln 1:
WAIT: JNB TF1, WAIT
Khi timer trn, cn dng timer v xa c bo trn trong phn mm.
CLR TR1
CLR TF1
7. B m Chng Trnh V Khng Gian ROM Ca 8051
Mt thanh ghi quan trng khc ca 8051 l b m chng trnh. B

m chng trnh c nhim v tr n a ch ca lnh k tip cn c
thc hin. mi khi CPU nhn m lnh t b nh ROM, th b m chng
Hong Quang L -33-

trnh tng ln tr n lnh k tip. B m chng trnh 8051 rng

16bt, iu c ngha l, 8051 c th truy cp c a ch chng trnh
t 0000 n FFFFH, tng cng l 64Kb. Tuy nhin khng phi thnh vin
no ca 8051 cng c 64Kb ROM/Chp. Vn tip theo l, khi 8051
c bt ngun th a ch khi u c bt u t u?
a ch bt u khi 8051 c bt ngun
Mi h vi iu khin khi c bt ngun u c bt u t

nhng a ch khc nhau. i vi 8051 a ch bt u t 0000. Bt ngun
c ngha l cp in p Vcc n chn reset, ni cch khc khi 8051 c
cp ngun, th b m chng trnh c gi tr 0000. iu na c ngha n s
thc hin m lnh u tin c lu ROM 0000. Ti sao li v tr ny
ca b nh ROM? l nh ch dn ORG chng trnh ngun. Di y
l ton b trnh t hot ng ca b m chng trnh trong qu trnh nhn
v thc thi mt chng trnh mu.
M Chng trinh ROM
hiu r hn v b m chng trnh, ta s xem xt hot ng ca

b m chng trnh mi khi nhn v thc hin lnh. Ta kho st mt tp
lit k ca chng trnh mu c lu ROM. Nh c th thy m lnh v
ton hng ca tng lnh c lit k bn tri ca tp lit k.
a ch ROM Ngn Ng My Hp Ng
00000 7D25 MOV R5, #25H
00000 7F34 MOV R7, #34H
00002 7400 MOV A,#0
00004 2D ADD A, R5
00006 2F ADD A, R7
00008 2412 ADD A, #12H
0000A 80EF HERE: SUMP HERE
Bng 2.10: M Chng trnh ROM

Hong Quang L -34-
Sau khi chng trnh c np vo ROM ca h 8051, nh

AT89C51 th m lnh v ton hng c t lun bt u t a ch 0000.
Ni dung ROM ca chng trinh trn a Ch M lnh

0000 7D
c gii thiu bng sau. Ti a ch 0000 c
0001 25
m 7D l m lnh chuyn mt gi tr vo thanh
0002 7F
ghi R5, cn a ch 0001, cha ton hng (Gi tr
0003 34
250000) Cn c chuyn vo R5. Do vy lnh
0004 74
MOV R5 #25H c m lnh l 7D25 trong
0005 00
7D l m lnh cn 25 l ton hng. Tng t m
my 7F 34 c ghi a ch 0002 v 0003 0006 2D
biu din m lnh v ton hng ca lnh MOV 0007 2F

0008 24
R7, #34H cng nh vy, m my 74 00 ti a
0009 12
ch 0004 v 0005 l biu din lnh MOV A, #0
000A 80
nh 0006 c m 2D l m lnh ca ADD A,
000B FE
R5, cn nh 007 c ni dung 2F l m lnh
Bng 2.11: Ni dung ROM
ca ADD A, R7 m lnh ca lnh ADD A,
#12H c t nh 0008 v ton hng 12H
c t nh 0009. nh 000A c m lnh
ca lnh SJMP v a ch ch ca n c t
nh 000B.
Trnh T Thc Hin Chng Trnh
Gi s chng trnh trn c ghi vo ROM ca 8051 th trnh t

cc bc hot ng khi c cp ngun nh sau:
Khi 8051 c bt ngun b m chng trnh PC c ni dung 0000
v bt u
Np m lnh u tin t v tr nh u tin 0000 ca ROM chng
trnh. i vi chng trnh nu trn l m 7D(Chuyn mt ton
hng vo R5). Khi thc hin
Hong Quang L -35-

M lnh CPU nhn gi tr 25 v chuyn vo R5. n y vic thc

hin mt lnh c kt thc. Sau b m chng trnh c tng
ln tr ti nh 0002 (PC = 0002), ti y c cha m 7Fl m ca
lnh chuyn mt ton hng vo R7 MOV R7 ,..
Khi thc hin m lnh 7F th gi tr 34H c chuyn vo R7 sau
PC c tng ln 0004
nh 0004 cha m lnh ca lnh MOV A, #0, lnh ny c
thchin v sau PC c tng ln 2 n vi: PC = 0006, ly tt c
cc lnh nu trn u l cc lnh 2byte
Vi PC= 0006, b m chng trnh tr ti v tr k kipl : ADD A,
R5 y l lnh 1 byte, sau khi thc hin lnh PC = 0007
Ngn nh 0007 cha m 2F l m lnh ca ADD A,R7 y l lnh
1Byte sau khi thc hin PC c tng ln 0008 qu trnh ny c tip
tc cho n khi tt c mi lnh u c nhn v thc hin. Do b
m chng trnh c ngha v c cch thc lm vic nh vy ln
mt s b vi x l, c bit l dng Intel X86, b m chng trnh
cn c gi l con tr lnh IP
Bn Nh ROM ca h 8051
im cn ch l khng c thnh vin no ca h 8051 c th truy

cp c trn 64kb m lnh, v b m chng trnh ca 8051 l 16bit (Di
a ch t 0000 n FFFFH)
im lu s 2 l lnh u tin ca Rom chng trnh u t

0000, cn lnh cui cng phc thuc vo dung lng ca ROM/Chp ca
mi thnh vin ca h 8051. Nh vy 8751 v AT98C51 vi 4 kb ROM th
di a ch s t 0000 n 0FFFH do , ngn nh u tin c a ch 0000
v ngn nh cui cng c a chi 0FFFH
Hong Quang L -36-

Vi 4k byte khng gian nh ROM trn Chp ta c 4096 byte bng

1000H dng Hexa (4*1024 = 4096D = 1000H). B nh ny c sp xp
trong cc ngn nh t 0000 n 0FFFH. Ly khng lun l ngn nh u
tin.
Vi 32K byte nh ta c 32768 byte (32*1024 ). Chuyn 32768 v s

hexa ta nhn c 8000H.
0FFF
1FFF
7FFF
Hnh 2.9: Di a ch ca ROM trn Chip ca mt s thnh vin h 8051
Hong Quang L -37-

CHNG III
CC CH NH A CH CA 8051
CPU c th truy cp d liu theo nhiu cch khc nhau. D liu c

th trong mt thanh ghi hoc trong b nh hoc c cho nh mt gi tr
tc thi cc cch truy cp d liu khc nhau c gi l cc ch nh
a ch. Phn ny chng ta bn lun v cc ch nh a ch ca 8051
Cc ch nh a ch khc nhau ca b vi x l c xc nh
nh n c thit k v do vy khi lp trnh khng th nh a ch khc
nhau l:
1. tc thi 2. Theo thanh ghi 3. Trc tip
4. gin tip qua thanh ghi 5. Theo ch s
I .CC CH NH A CH TC THI V THEO THANH GHI
1 Ch nh a ch tc thi
Trong ch nh a ch ny, ton hng ngun l mt hng s v
nh tn gi, ca n th khi mt lnh c hp dch ton hng i tc thi
ngay sau m lnh. Lu rng trc d liu tc thi phi c t du
(#) ch nh a ch ny c th c dng np thng tin vo bt
k thanh ghi no k c thanh ghi con tr d liu DPTR.
DPTR l 16 bit n cng c th c truy cp nh 2 thanh ghi 8 bit

DPH v DPL trong DPH l byte cao v DPL l byte thp.
2. ch nh a ch theo thanh ghi:
Ch nh a ch theo thanh ghi l s dng cc thanh ghi d

liu cn c thao tc cc .v d v nh a ch theo thanh ghi nh sau:
Cc thanh ghi ngun v ch phi ph hp v kch thc.
Hong Quang L -38-

Hay ni cch khc, nu vit MOV DPTR, A s cho mt li v

ngun l thanh ghi 8 bit v ch li l thanh ghi 16 bit.
rng ta c th chuyn d liu gia thanh ghi tch lu A v thanh
ghi Rn (n t 0 n 7) nhng vic chuyn d liu gia cc thanh ghi Rn th
khng c php. V d, lnh MOV R4, R7 l khng hp l.
Trong hai ch nh a ch u tin, cc ton hng c th hoc

bn trong thanh ghi hoc c gn lin vi lnh. Trong hu ht cc chng
trnh d liu cn c x l thng trong mt s ngn ca b nh RAM
hoc trong ROM .Rt nhiu cch truy cp d liu ny m phn tip theo
s xt n.
II. TRUY CP B NH S DNG CC CH NH A CH KHC NHAU
1 Ch nh a ch trc tip.
Nh ni trong 8051 c 128 byte b nh RAM. B nh RAM
c gn cc a ch t 00 n FFH v c phn ach nh sau:.
Cc ngn nh t 00 n 1FH c gn cho cc bng thanh ghi v
ngn xp.
Cc ngn nh t 20H n 2FH c dnh cho khng gian nh a

ch theo bit lu cc d liu 1 bit.
Cc ngn nh t 30H n 7FH l khng gian lu d liu c kch

thc 1byte.
Mc d ton b byte ca b nh RAM c th c truy cp bng ch

nh a ch trc tip, nhng ch ny thng c s dng nht
truy cp cc ngn nh RAM t 30H n 7FH. y l do mt thc t l cc
ngn nh dnh cho bng c truy cp bng thanh ghi theo cc tn gi ca
chng l R0 - R7 cn cc ngn nh khc ca RAM th khng c tn nh
vy. Trong ch nh a ch trc tip th d liu trong mt ngn nh
RAM m a ch ca n c bit v a ch ny c cho nh l mt
Hong Quang L -39-

phn ca lnh. Khc vi ch nh a ch tc th m ton hng t n

c cp vi lnh du (#) l s phn bit gia hai ch nh a ch.
Nh ni trc th cc ngn nh tr 0 n 7 ca RAM c cp
cho bng 0 ca cc thanh ghi R0 - R7. Cc thanh ghi ny c th c truy
cp theo 2 cch nh sau:
MOV A, R4
MOVA, 4
Hai lnh ny ging nhau u sao ni dung thanh ghi R4 vo A
MOV A, 7;
MOV A,R7
Hai lnh ny u nh nhau l sao ni dung R7 vo thanh ghi A
Mc d s dng cc tn R0 - R7 d hn cc a ch b nh ca chng
nhng cc ngn nh 30H n 7FH ca RAM khng th c truy cp theo
bt k cch no khc l theo a ch ca chng v chng khng c tn.
2 Cc thanh ghi SFSR v cc a ch ca chng.

Trong cc thanh ghi c ni n t trc n gi ta thy rng cc thanh
ghi R0 - R7 l mt phn trong 128 byte ca b nh RAM. Vy cn cc
thanh ghi A, B, PSW v DPTR l mt b phn ca nhm cc thanh ghi
nhn chung c gi l cc thanh ghi c bit SFR (Special Funtion
Register). C rt nhiu thanh ghi vi chc nng c bit v chng c s
dng rt rng ri m ta s trnh by cc chng su. Cc thanh ghi FR c
th c truy cp theo tn ca chng (m d hn rt nhiu) hoc theo cc
a ch ca chng. V d a ch ca thanh ghi A l EOH v thanh ghi B l
FOH nhng cp lnh c cng ngha di y:
MOV 0E0H, #55H ; Np 55H vo thanh ghi A(A=55H)
Hong Quang L -40-

MOV A, #55H ;
MOV 0F0H, #25H ; Np 25H vo thanh ghi B ( B = 25)
MOV 3, #25H ;
Bng 3.1 di y lit k cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit SFR ca
8051 v cc a ch ca chng. Cn phi lu n hai im sau v cc a
ch ca SFR:
Cc thanh ghi SFR c a ch nm gia 80H v FFH cc a ch ny
trn 80H, v cc a ch t 00 n 7FH l a ch ca b nh RAM bn
trong 8051.
khng phi tt c mi a ch t 80H n FFH u do SFH s dng,
nhng v tr ngn nh t 80H n FFH cha dngl d tr v lp
trnh vin 8051 cng khng c s dng.
Lnh Tn a ch
ACC Thanh ghi tch lu (thanh ghi tng ) A 0E0H
B Thanh ghi B 0F0H
PSW T trng thi chng trnh 0D0H
SP Con tr ngn xp 81H
DPTR Con tr d liu hai byte
DPL Byte thp ca DPTR 82H
DPH Byte cao ca DPTR 83H
P0 Cng 0 80H
P1 Cng 1 90H
P2 Cng 2 0A0H
P3 Cng 3 0B0H
IP iu khin u tin ngt 0B8H
IE iu khin cho php ngt A08H
TMOD iu khin ch b m/ B nh thi 89H
TCON iu khin b m/ B nh thi 88H
T2CON iu khin b m/ B nh thi 2 0C8H
Hong Quang L -41-

T2MOD iu khin ch b m/ B nh thi 2 0C9H

TH0 Byte cao ca b m/ B nh thi 0 8CH
TL0 Byte thp ca b m/ B nh thi 0 8AH
TH1 Byte cao ca b m/ B nh thi 1 8DH
TL1 Byte thp ca b m/ B nh thi 1 8BH
TH2 Byte cao ca b m/ B nh thi 2 0CDH
TL2 Byte thp ca b m/ B nh thi 2 0CCH
RCAP2H Byte cao ca thanh ghi b m/ B nh thi 2 0CBH
RCAP2L Byte thp ca thanh ghi b m/ B nh thi 2 0CAH
SCON iu khin ni tip 98H
SBUF B m d liu ni tip 99H
PCON iu khin cng sut 87H
Bng 3.1 Cc a ch ca thanh ghi chc nng c bit SFR
*Cc thanh ghi c th nh a ch theo bit.
Xt theo ch nh a ch trc tip th cn phi lu rng gi tr

a ch c gii hn n 1byte, 00 - FFH. iu ny c ngha l vic s
dng ca ch nh a ch ny b gii hn bi vic truy cp cc v tr
ngn nh ca RAM v cc thanh ghi vi a ch c cho bn trong 8051.
3 Ngn xp v ch nh a ch trc tip.
Mt cng dng chnh khc ca ch nh a ch trc tip l ngn xp.

Trong h 8051 ch c ch nh a ch trc tip l c php y vo
ngn xp. Do vy, mt lnh nh PUSH A l khng hp l. Vic y
thanh ghi A vo ngn xp phi c vit di dng PUAH 0E0H vi
0E0H l a ch ca thanh ghi A. Tng t nh vy y thanh ghi R3
vo ngn xp ta phi vit l PUSH 03. Ch nh a ch trc tip phi

c s dng cho c lnh POP. V d POP 04 s ko nh ca ngn xp
vo thanh ghi R4.
Hong Quang L -42-

4 Ch nh a ch gin tip thanh ghi.

Trong ch ny, mt thanh ghi c s dng nh mt con tr n d liu.
Nu d liu bn trong CPU th ch cc thanh ghi R0 v R1 c s dng
cho mc ch ny. Hay ni cch khc cc thanh ghi R2 - R7 khng c th
dng c gi a ch ca ton hng nm trong RAM khi s dng ch
nh a ch ny khi Ro v R1 c dng nh cc con tr, ngha l khi
chng gi cc a ch ca cc ngn nh RAM th trc chng phi t du
(@) nh ch ra di y.
MOV A, @ R0
Chuyn ni dung ca ngn nh RAM c a ch trong R0 v A
MOV @ R1, B
Chuyn ni dung ca B vo ngn nh RAM c a ch R1

Lu rng R0 cng nh R1 lun c du @ ng trc. Khi khng c
du ny th l lnh chuyn ni dung cc thanh ghi Ro v R1 ch khng
phi d liu ngn nh m a ch c trong R0 v R1.
DJNZ R2, AGAIN ; Lp li cho n khi b m = 0.
5. u im ca ch nh a ch gin tip thanh ghi.
Mt trong nhng u im ca ch nh a ch gin tip thanh ghi

l n lm cho vic truy cp d liu nng ng hn so vi ch nh a
ch trc tip.
6. Hn ch ca ch nh a ch gin tip thanh ghi trong 8051.
Nh ni phn trc rng R0 v R1 l cc thanh ghi duy nht c
th c dng lm cc con tr trong ch nh a ch gin tip thanh
ghi. V R0 v R1 l cc thanh ghi 8 bit, nn vic s dng ca chng b hn
ch vic truy cp mi thng tin trong cc ngn nh RAM bn trong (cc
ngn nh t 30H n 7FH v cc thanh ghi SFR). Tuy nhin, nhiu khi ta
Hong Quang L -43-

cn truy cp d liu c ct trong RAM ngoi hoc trong khng gian m

lnh ca ROM trn chip. Hoc l truy cp b nh RAM ngoi hoc ROM
trn chp th ta cn s dng thanh ghi 16 bit l DPTR.
7. Ch nh a ch theo ch s v truy cp b nh ROM trn chp.
Ch nh a ch theo ch s c s dng rng ri trongvic truy
cp cc phn t d liu ca bng trong khng gian ROM chng trnh ca
8051. Lnh c dng cho mc ch ny l Movc A, @ A + DPTR.
Thanh ghi 16 bit DPTR l thanh ghi A c dng to ra a ch ca phn
t d liu c lu ct trong ROM trn chp. Do cc phn t d liu c
ct trong khng gian m (chng trnh) ca ROM trn chip ca 8051, n
phi dng lnh Movc thay cho lnh Mov (ch C cui lnh l ch m lnh
Code). Trong lnh ny th ni dung ca A c b xung vo thanh ghi 16
bit DPTR to ra a ch 16 bit ca d liu cn thit.
8 Bng xp xp v s dng ch nh a ch theo ch s.
Bng xp x l khi nim c s dng rt rng ri trong lp trnh
cc b vi x l. N cho php truy cp cc phn t ca mt bng thng
xuyn c s dng vi thao tc cc tiu. Nh mt v d, hy gi thit rng
i vi mt ng dng nht nh ta cn x2 gi tr trong phm vi 0 n 9. Ta
c th s dng mt bng xp xp thay cho vic tnh ton n.
CHNG IV: NG DNG
I. Bi ton:
Yu cu thit k mch qung co iu khin:
Ma trn LED 8x56 c cu trc t 7 ma trn LED 8x8
Hin th dng ch theo yu cu (Tri t phi qua tri)
Dng vi iu khin AT89C51
Hong Quang L -44-

IC gii m 74HC595, IC m ct ULN2803, m hng

dng Transistor
II. S d khi v cc chc nng ca h qung co

1.S d khi ca h qung co
Khi VI IU XUT B M Hng
Ngun KHIN D NG RA
AT89C51 LLIU HNG
BNG N
LIU
HNG
Ct
GII B M
M CT NG RA
(qut ct) CT
Hnh 4.1.: S d khi ca h qung co
2.Chc nng cc khi
a Khi ngun.
- Bin p 220V/9VAC /2A
- Cu chnh lu (D7-D10) lm nhim v chnh lu c chu k
- T C29,C30,C31 lm nhim v trit nhiu
- LM7850C lm nhim v n p ngun ra 5v ri cp cho mch iu khin
- ngun cp cho mch c th dng ngun ca my tnh thng qua cng USB
-in tr R24 c nhim v hn ch dng
Hong Quang L -45-

b. Khi iu khin trung tm l vi iu khin AT89C51
Chng trnh lp trnh sn c np vo trong vi iu khin 8951 s

iu khin cc khi xut d liu hng, v gii m ct thng qua cc Port
ca vi iu khin
c. Khi Xut d liu hng
Khi ny lm nhim v xut d liu cha trong vi iu khin ra hng

ca bng n LED ma trn iu khin cc bng n ca LED ma trn
hin th dng thng bo mong mun. D liu xut ra hng phi ng b
vi hot ng ca khi qut ct
d. Khi gii m ct (qut ct)
Theo nguyn l hot ng ca mch, ti mi thi im ch cho php

cc n mt ct c sng. Nh vy cn to ra mt khi qut ct lm
nhim v la chn ct c php sng ti mi thi im. Khi ny s nhn
iu khin trc tip t vi iu khin thng qua mt Port xut khc.
e. Khi m ng ra hng, ng ra ct
Cc khi ny lm nhim v cch li ti vi cc mch trc n. B

m cn c chc nng lm tng dng in ca cc u ra, trc khi cho ni
vo cc chn hng (anod) v cc chn ct (cathod) ca bng n LED ma
trn
f. Bng n LED ma trn
y l khi hin th thng tin qung co. Bng n s nhn ng thi

tn hiu iu khin t khi x l hng ( xut d liu hng v b m hng)
v khi x l ct ( khi qut ct, v b m ct). t s cho php n
no sng, n no tt, nhm hin th ra nhng thng tin qung co mong mun.
III . THIT K CHI TIT CC KHI
1.Thit k chi tit khi ngun
Hong Quang L -46-

D9 D7
220VAC 9VAC 1N4007 1N4007

R24 7805 Out
In
1N4007 1N4007 K100

Gnd
D8
C30 C31 C32
C29 100F/25V 104
D10 470F/25V 470F/25V
Hnh 4.2: Thit k chi tit khi ngun
Hong Quang L -47-

Linh kin s dng thit k khi ngun gm c:
01 bin p 220VAC/9VAC/ 2A
Gm 4 Diot 1N4007(1A)
2 t 470 F/25v, 1 t 100 F/16v ,1 t 104 v 1 in tr 100
1 IC n p LM 7805C/TO c cu trc bn trong nh hnh. IC lm

nhim v nhn in p vo 11v/DC
in p 11v/DC l t u ra ca cu chnh lu ,c a vo u vo
ca IC7805 v u ra c n p 5v /1A cp cho mch iu khin lm
vic.
Hnh 4.3: Cu trc ca IC7805
2. Thit thit khi m hng
Linh kin gm c:
08 transistor (2N2222)
08 in tr 1K v 08 in tr 100
Hong Quang L -48-

V C C
R C 1
P 2 . 0 Q C 1
2 N 2 2 2 2 R C 9
1 K A n o d e 0
K 1 0 0
V C C
R C 2
P 2 . 1 Q C 2
2 N 2 2 2 2 R C 1 0
1 K A n o d e 1
K 1 0 0
V C C
R C 3
P 2 . 2 Q C 3
2 N 2 2 2 2 R C 1 1
1 K A n o d e 2
K 1 0 0
V C C
R C 4
P 2 . 3 Q C 4
2 N 2 2 2 2 R C 1 2
1 K A n o d e 3
K 1 0 0
V C C
R C 5
P 2 . 4 Q C 5
2 N 2 2 2 2 R C 1 3
1 K A n o d e 4
K 1 0 0
V C C
R C 6
P 2 . 5 Q C 6
2 N 2 2 2 2 R C 1 4
1 K A n o d e 5
K 1 0 0
V C C
R C 7
P 2 . 6 Q C 7
2 N 2 2 2 2 R C 1 5
1 K A n o d e 6
K 1 0 0
V C C
R C 8
P 2 . 7 Q C 8
2 N 2 2 2 2 R C 1 6
1 K A n o d e 7
K 1 0 0
Hnh 4.4: Thit k khi m hng
Bng LED ma trn trong thit k ny gm c 8 hng s ly d liu t

1 Port ca vi iu khin 89C51. Trong thit k ny Port 2 c chn lm
Port xut d liu hng. Nh vy khi xut d liu hng thc cht l Port 2
ca vi iu khin (c 8 chn tng ng vi 8 hng ca ma trn LED). D
liu xut ny c iu khin bi chng trnh np trong vi iu khin.
3. Thit k khi gii m ct chi tit (qut ct)
* Linh kin gm c:
07 IC(74HC595)
07 IC (ULN2803)
Hong Quang L -49-

U 1 4 5
1 4 9 C 9 - C 1 6 U 1 5 3
S D I S D O
C L O C K 1 2 7 1 1 8 C 8
1 1 R C L K Q H 6 2 I N 1 O U T 1 1 7 C 7
S R C L K Q G 5 3 I N 2 O U T 2 1 6 C 6
1 0 Q F 4 4 I N 3 O U T 3 1 5 C 5
G N D 1 3 C L R Q E 3 5 I N 4 O U T 4 1 4 C 4
G Q D 2 6 I N 5 O U T 5 1 3 C 3
Q C 1 7 I N 6 O U T 6 1 2 C 2
Q B 1 5 8 I N 7 O U T 7 1 1 C 1
Q A I N 8 O U T 8
1 0
7 4 H C 5 9 5 C O M
U 1 4 6
U L N 2 8 0 3
C 9 - C 1 6 1 4 9 C 1 6 - C 2 4 U 1 5 4
S D I S D O
C L O C K 1 2 7 1 1 8 C 1 6
1 1 R C L K Q H 6 2 I N 1 O U T 1 1 7 C 1 5
S R C L K Q G 5 3 I N 2 O U T 2 1 6 C 1 4
V C C 1 0 Q F 4 4 I N 3 O U T 3 1 5 C 1 3
G N D 1 3 C L R Q E 3 5 I N 4 O U T 4 1 4 C 1 2
G Q D 2 6 I N 5 O U T 5 1 3 C 1 1
Q C 1 7 I N 6 O U T 6 1 2 C 1 0
Q B 1 5 8 I N 7 O U T 7 1 1 C 9
Q A I N 8 O U T 8
1 0
7 4 H C 5 9 5 C O M
U 1 4 7
U L N 2 8 0 3
C 1 6 - C 2 4 1 4 9 C 2 5 - C 3 2 U 1 5 5
S D I S D O
C L O C K 1 2 7 1 1 8 C 2 4
1 1 R C L K Q H 6 2 I N 1 O U T 1 1 7 C 2 3
S R C L K Q G 5 3 I N 2 O U T 2 1 6 C 2 2
V C C 1 0 Q F 4 4 I N 3 O U T 3 1 5 C 2 1
G N D 1 3 C L R Q E 3 5 I N 4 O U T 4 1 4 C 2 0
G Q D 2 6 I N 5 O U T 5 1 3 C 1 9
Q C 1 7 I N 6 O U T 6 1 2 C 1 8
Q B 1 5 8 I N 7 O U T 7 1 1 C 1 7
Q A I N 8 O U T 8
1 0
7 4 H C 5 9 5 C O M
U 1 4 8
U L N 2 8 0 3
C 2 5 - C 3 2 1 4 9 C 3 3 - C 4 0 U 1 5 6
S D I S D O
C L O C K 1 2 7 1 1 8 C 3 2
1 1 R C L K Q H 6 2 I N 1 O U T 1 1 7 C 3 1
S R C L K Q G 5 3 I N 2 O U T 2 1 6 C 3 0
V C C 1 0 Q F 4 4 I N 3 O U T 3 1 5 C 2 9
G N D 1 3 C L R Q E 3 5 I N 4 O U T 4 1 4 C 2 8
G Q D 2 6 I N 5 O U T 5 1 3 C 2 7
Q C 1 7 I N 6 O U T 6 1 2 C 2 6
Q B 1 5 8 I N 7 O U T 7 1 1 C 2 5
Q A I N 8 O U T 8
1 0
7 4 H C 5 9 5 C O M
U 1 4 9
U L N 2 8 0 3
C 3 3 - C 4 0 1 4 9 C 4 1 - C 4 8 U 1 5 7
S D I S D O
C L O C K 1 2 7 1 1 8 C 4 0
1 1 R C L K Q H 6 2 I N 1 O U T 1 1 7 C 3 9
S R C L K Q G 5 3 I N 2 O U T 2 1 6 C 3 8
V C C 1 0 Q F 4 4 I N 3 O U T 3 1 5 C 3 7
G N D 1 3 C L R Q E 3 5 I N 4 O U T 4 1 4 C 3 6
G Q D 2 6 I N 5 O U T 5 1 3 C 3 5
Q C 1 7 I N 6 O U T 6 1 2 C 3 4
Q B 1 5 8 I N 7 O U T 7 1 1 C 3 3
Q A I N 8 O U T 8
1 0
7 4 H C 5 9 5 C O M
U 1 5 0
U L N 2 8 0 3
C 4 1 - C 4 8 1 4 9 C 4 9 - C 5 6 U 1 5 8
S D I S D O
C L O C K 1 2 7 1 1 8 C 4 8
1 1 R C L K Q H 6 2 I N 1 O U T 1 1 7 C 4 7
S R C L K Q G 5 3 I N 2 O U T 2 1 6 C 4 6
V C C 1 0 Q F 4 4 I N 3 O U T 3 1 5 C 4 5
G N D 1 3 C L R Q E 3 5 I N 4 O U T 4 1 4 C 4 4
G Q D 2 6 I N 5 O U T 5 1 3 C 4 3
Q C 1 7 I N 6 O U T 6 1 2 C 4 2
Q B 1 5 8 I N 7 O U T 7 1 1 C 4 1
Q A I N 8 O U T 8
1 0
7 4 H C 5 9 5 C O M
U 1 5 1
U L N 2 8 0 3
C 4 9 - C 5 6 1 4 9 C 5 7 - C 6 4 U 1 5 9
S D I S D O
C L O C K 1 2 7 1 1 8 C 5 6
1 1 R C L K Q H 6 2 I N 1 O U T 1 1 7 C 5 5
S R C L K Q G 5 3 I N 2 O U T 2 1 6 C 5 4
V C C 1 0 Q F 4 4 I N 3 O U T 3 1 5 C 5 3
G N D 1 3 C L R Q E 3 5 I N 4 O U T 4 1 4 C 5 2
G Q D 2 6 I N 5 O U T 5 1 3 C 5 1
Q C 1 7 I N 6 O U T 6 1 2 C 5 0
Q B 1 5 8 I N 7 O U T 7 1 1 C 4 9
Q A I N 8 O U T 8
1 0
7 4 H C 5 9 5 C O M
U L N 2 8 0 3
Hnh 4.5: Thit k khi gii m ct chi tit
Bng n trong thit k c 56 ct theo nguyn l hot ng ca khi

gii m ct, ti mt thi im khi gii m ct ch c a ra tn hiu iu
khin cho 1 ct c php sng, v cc ct s c ln lt c php
sng.
Hong Quang L -50-

thc hin c chc nng ny, chng ta s s dng IC 74HC595
* IC 74HC595
IC 74HC595 l loi IC dng gii m /gii a hp lm vic c vi

tn s cao, n c bit thch hp khi dng lm b gii m a ch tc ng
vo chn chn IC ca cc IC nh lng cc.
IC74HC595 c s chn nh sau:
Hnh 4.6: S chn ca IC74HC595
S hot ng ca IC 74HC595
Hnh 4.7: S hot ng ca IC 74HC595
Chc nng cc chn ca IC
Hong Quang L -51-

Ta c cc chn 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 15 l cc chn u ra ca IC. Ty

thuc vo trng thi ca cc ng a ch m ta c cc trng thi ng ra
tng ng. Khi IC hot ng bnh thng th ti mt thi im ch c mt
ng ra duy nht trng thi mc logic thp, tt c cc ng ra cn li mc
logic cao.
- Chn 8 ni vi t.
- Chn 9 dng ni vi tng sau
- Chn 10 c tc dng reset cc bt ca thanh ghi dch
-Chn 11 l chn cp xung cho IC
-Chn 12 l chn cht d liu trng thi ca tn hiu s uc lu li

trong mt khong thi gian nhm n nh trng thi u ra cho ti khi c
tc ng ca xung cht tip theo.
-Chn13 l chn cho php IC hot ng, chn ny tch cc mc

thp. V ch c 1 IC do vy chn ny c ni t ( IC lun hot ng)
-Chn 16 ni vi dng ngun 5V DC
4. Khi thc cng xut ct (m ng ra cT)
Hong Quang L -52-

C 9 - C 1 6 U 1 5 3
1 1 8 C 8
2 I N 1 O U T 1 1 7 C 7
3 I N 2 O U T 2 1 6 C 6
4 I N 3 O U T 3 1 5 C 5
5 I N 4 O U T 4 1 4 C 4
6 I N 5 O U T 5 1 3 C 3
7 I N 6 O U T 6 1 2 C 2
8 I N 7 O U T 7 1 1 C 1
I N 8 O U T 8
1 0
C O M
U L N 2 8 0 3
C 1 6 - C 2 4 U 1 5 4
1 1 8 C 1 6
2 I N 1 O U T 1 1 7 C 1 5
3 I N 2 O U T 2 1 6 C 1 4
4 I N 3 O U T 3 1 5 C 1 3
5 I N 4 O U T 4 1 4 C 1 2
6 I N 5 O U T 5 1 3 C 1 1
7 I N 6 O U T 6 1 2 C 1 0
8 I N 7 O U T 7 1 1 C 9
I N 8 O U T 8
1 0
C O M
U L N 2 8 0 3
C 2 5 - C 3 2 U 1 5 5
1 1 8 C 2 4
2 I N 1 O U T 1 1 7 C 2 3
3 I N 2 O U T 2 1 6 C 2 2
4 I N 3 O U T 3 1 5 C 2 1
5 I N 4 O U T 4 1 4 C 2 0
6 I N 5 O U T 5 1 3 C 1 9
7 I N 6 O U T 6 1 2 C 1 8
8 I N 7 O U T 7 1 1 C 1 7
I N 8 O U T 8
1 0
C O M
U L N 2 8 0 3
C 3 3 - C 4 0 U 1 5 6
1 1 8 C 3 2
2 I N 1 O U T 1 1 7 C 3 1
3 I N 2 O U T 2 1 6 C 3 0
4 I N 3 O U T 3 1 5 C 2 9
5 I N 4 O U T 4 1 4 C 2 8
6 I N 5 O U T 5 1 3 C 2 7
7 I N 6 O U T 6 1 2 C 2 6
8 I N 7 O U T 7 1 1 C 2 5
I N 8 O U T 8
1 0
C O M
U L N 2 8 0 3
C 4 1 - C 4 8 U 1 5 7
1 1 8 C 4 0
2 I N 1 O U T 1 1 7 C 3 9
3 I N 2 O U T 2 1 6 C 3 8
4 I N 3 O U T 3 1 5 C 3 7
5 I N 4 O U T 4 1 4 C 3 6
6 I N 5 O U T 5 1 3 C 3 5
7 I N 6 O U T 6 1 2 C 3 4
8 I N 7 O U T 7 1 1 C 3 3
I N 8 O U T 8
1 0
C O M
U L N 2 8 0 3
C 4 9 - C 5 6 U 1 5 8
1 1 8 C 4 8
2 I N 1 O U T 1 1 7 C 4 7
3 I N 2 O U T 2 1 6 C 4 6
4 I N 3 O U T 3 1 5 C 4 5
5 I N 4 O U T 4 1 4 C 4 4
6 I N 5 O U T 5 1 3 C 4 3
7 I N 6 O U T 6 1 2 C 4 2
8 I N 7 O U T 7 1 1 C 4 1
I N 8 O U T 8
1 0
C O M
U L N 2 8 0 3
C 5 7 - C 6 4 U 1 5 9
1 1 8 C 5 6
2 I N 1 O U T 1 1 7 C 5 5
3 I N 2 O U T 2 1 6 C 5 4
4 I N 3 O U T 3 1 5 C 5 3
5 I N 4 O U T 4 1 4 C 5 2
6 I N 5 O U T 5 1 3 C 5 1
7 I N 6 O U T 6 1 2 C 5 0
8 I N 7 O U T 7 1 1 C 4 9
I N 8 O U T 8
1 0
C O M
U L N 2 8 0 3
Hnh 4.8: Khi thc cng xut ct
Hong Quang L -53-

Do dng ra khi b gii m l rt nh khng cng sut cung cp

cho ma trn led do chng ta phi ni ccu ra ca b gii m vi mt
khi khuch i cng sut. Trong bi thit k ny em s dng IC ULN2803
khuch i v m cho ng ra ct
S chn ca IC ULN2803 :
Hnh 4.9: S chn ca IC ULN2803
S cu to v hot ng ca IC ULN2803 l :
Hnh 4.10: S cu to v hot ng ca IC ULN2803
Hong Quang L -54-

Nguyn l hot ng ca IC ULN2803 :
Thc cht ca IC l cc transistor c mc theo kiu darlington sau

c mc qua mt cng o v mc vi mt diode bo v ri i xung
t qua chn s 9.
5. Khi hin th
-in p vo board l: 3v
-Dng vo board l:240 mA
-Thc cht ti mt thi im ch c mt ct c php sng ( tc l 8

led c sng cn li u tt)
- Thng s p v dng ni trn chnh l kt qu o t mt ct
J8
A n o d e 1 .0 1 2 A n o d e 1 .4
3 4
C 1 5 6 C 5
A n o d e 1 .1 7 8 A n o d e 1 .5
9 10
C 2 11 12 C 6
A n o d e 1 .2 13 14 A n o d e 1 .6
15 16
C 3 17 18 C 7
A n o d e 1 .3 19 20 A n o d e 1 .7
21 22
C 4 23 24 C 8
Led 1
Led thc Led tng ng trong mch
Hnh 4.11: M t ma trn LED
Hong Quang L -55-

J8 J9 J10
A n o d e 1 .0 1 2 A n o d e 1 .4 A n o d e 2 .0 1 2 A n o d e 2 .4 A n o d e 3 .0 1 2 A n o d e 3 .4
3 4 3 4 3 4
C 1 5 6 C 5 C 9 5 6 C 13 C 17 5 6 C 21
9 10 9 10 9 10
C 2 11 12 C 6 C 10 11 12 C 14 C 18 11 12 C 22
15 16 15 16 15 16
C 3 17 18 C 7 C 11 17 18 C 15 C 19 17 18 C 23
21 22 21 22 21 22
C 4 23 24 C 8 C 12 23 24 C 16 C 20 23 24 C 24
Led 1 Led 2 Led 3
J11 J12 J14
3 4 3 4 3 4
C 33 5 6 C 37 C 41 5 6 C 45 C 49 5 6 C 53
9 10 9 10 9 10
C 34 11 12 C 38 C 42 11 12 C 46 C 50 11 12 C 54
15 16 15 16 15 16
C 35 17 18 C 39 C 43 17 18 C 47 C 51 17 18 C 55
21 22 21 22 21 22
C 36 23 24 C 40 C 44 23 24 C 48 C 52 23 24 C 56
Led 5 Led 6 Led 7
J13
A n o d e 4 .0 1 2 A n o d e 4 .4
3 4
C 25 5 6 C 29
A n o d e 4 .1 7 8 A n o d e 4 .5
9 10
C 26 11 12 C 30
A n o d e 4 .2 13 14 A n o d e 4 .6
15 16
C 27 17 18 C 31
A n o d e 4 .3 19 20 A n o d e 4 .7
21 22
C 28 23 24 C 32
Led 4
Hnh 4.12: Khi hin th
Ma trn LED trong thit k c ghp bi 7 ma trn LED 8x8 (8 hng v

56 ct). Mi ma trn LED 8x8 c 24 chn, trong 8 anod v 16 cathod.
ghp c thnh 1 ma trn 8x56 v iu khin c bng n hin ch, chy
ch, chng ta cn phi ghp ni nh sau:
- Ni 7 chn anod c cng v tr trong mi LED li vi nhau v ly lm mt
chn anod chung cho bng ma trn mi. Nh th ta s c 8 chn anod
(hng) ca ma trn LED 8x56
- 56 chn kathod ca 7 ma trn 8x8 s l 56 cathod ca ma trn LED 8x56
Trong mi LED ma trn 8x8 c:
Cc chn Anod theo th t t trn xung l: A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,A6,A7,A8
Cc chn cathod theo th t t phi qua tri l: K12,K22,K32,K42,K52,K62,K72,K82
Hong Quang L -56-

6. Khi iu Khin Trung Tm
Linh kin gm c:
01 Chip 89C51 (Cu trc bn trong c gii thiu Chng II)
1 Mch dao ng thch anh c kt ni nh hnh v gm c 1 thch anh

12MHZ, 2 t 33p n nh tn s dao ng v xc nh tn s cho mch
1 mnh reset c mc nh hnh v gm c 1 cng tc reset, 1 t 10F, mt in

tr 10K, 1 it bo v 1N4007
VCC
1
XTAL1
XT AL2
C
VCC R3
Y3
R E S IS T O R S IP 9
J10
C 27 U2
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
40
12M hz C 26
33p 33p P 2 .0 21 39 P 0 .0 1
GND GND P 2 .1 22 P 2 .0 /A 8 P 0 .0 /A D 0 38 P 0 .1 2
VC C
P 2 .2 23 P 2 .1 /A 9 P 0 .1 /A D 1 37 P 0 .2 3
P 2 .3 24 P 2 .2 /A 1 0 P 0 .2 /A D 2 36 P 0 .3 4
P 2 .4 25 P 2 .3 /A 1 1 P 0 .3 /A D 3 35 P 0 .4 5
P 2 .5 26 P 2 .4 /A 1 2 P 0 .4 /A D 4 34 P 0 .5 6
P 2 .6 27 P 2 .5 /A 1 3 P 0 .5 /A D 5 33 P 0 .6 7
VCC P 2 .6 /A 1 4 P 0 .6 /A D 6
P 2 .7 28 32 P 0 .7 8
P 2 .7 /A 1 5 P 0 .7 /A D 7
R 22 1 10 1
4 .7 k 2 P 1 .0 P 3 .0 /R X D 11 2
3 P 1 .1 P 3 .1 /T X D 12 3 HEADER 8
4 P 1 .2 P 3 .2 /IN T O 13 4
5 P 1 .3 P 3 .3 /IN T 1 14 5
6 P 1 .4 P 3 .4 /T O 15 6
D5 7 P 1 .5 P 3 .5 /T 1 16 D a ta 7
8 P 1 .6 P 3 .6 /W R 17 C LO C K 8
LED P 1 .7 P 3 .7 /R D
XTA L1 19 29
XTA L2 18 XTA L1 PSEN
RST 9 XTA L2 30 HEADER 8
J8 GND RST A L E /P R O G SW 1
D6
VCC 31
E A /V P P VCC RST GND
1 VCC
GND
2 A T89C 51 R eset
3 1N 4007
C 28 R 23
4 GND
20
5
6
1 0 u F /1 6 V 10K
USB
Hnh 4.13: Khi iu khin trung tm
Hong Quang L -57-

Chip 89C51 l mt h vi tnh 8 bit n chp CMOS c hiu sut cao, cng
sut tiu th ngun thp
- L IC c tnh hp trn h vi x l
-c 40 chn
- 4Kb ROM ,c th ghi xa 1000 ln
- 128x8 bit Ram trong
- 4 cng vo ra 8 bit (32 ng xut nhp)
- 2 b nh thi / m 16 bit, 1 cu trc ngt 2 mc u tin
- C 6 nguyn nhn ngt
- C th lp trnh c qua cng ni tip
-C t210 bit c a ch ha
-Di tn s hot ng t 0MHz dn 24MHz

7. Nguyn l ton mch
7.1.Linh kin cn cho thit k ny l:
- 01 IC AT89C51 loi 40 chn PDIP
- 07 IC 74HC595 (y l by IC dng cho mch gii m ct)
- 07 IC ULN2803 (l cc IC c dng khi m ct hay chnh l khi

thc cng sut ct)
- 14 d c 16 chn (dng cy IC 74HC595 v IC ULN2803)
- 14 b rc cm 7dng cho board led , 7dng cho board iu khin v 7

on cp dng kt ni gia hai board ny.
- 01 in tr ko 4,7k dng cu hnh cho Port o khi cn thit l cng vo
- 03 cm 8 chn(ch sn) c kt ni vi cc cng cn li ca thit k

dng phc v cho pht trin m rng kch thc board led.
Hong Quang L -58-

- 08 transistor 2N2222 (dung lm khi m hay thc cng sut hng)

cch kt ni b m c trnh by thit k chi tit khi m(s
nguyn l)
- 08 in tr 1k dng trong khi m hng.
- 16 in tr 150 dng trong khi m hng.
- 01 cng RESET.
-01 t 10F/16V dng trong mch reset.
- 01in tr 10k, 01`in tr 4,1k dng trong mch reset.
- 05 diot 1N4007 1A dng trong mch reset v chnh lu cu.
- 01thch anh 12Mhz dng trong mch giao ng.
-02 t 33p dng trong mch giao ng.
- 02 t 470F/25V, 01 t100F/16V, 01 t 104 v tt c cc t ny c

dng trong khi ngun.
-01 in tr 100(dng cho khi ngun)
- 01 IC n p LM7805C/TO dng trong khi ngn u ra ca IC ny l

5v/DC
- 01 bin p 220vAC/9Vac in p 9v/AC ny cp ti cu chnh lu
- 01 rc USB dc gn vo ng ngun cp 5V/DC cho board mch iu

khin, ta c th s ngun t cng USB ca my tnh.
- 01 rc cm c gn vo ng ngun 9V/AC ,(rc ny ly in p

9V/AC cp cho mch chnh lu cu.
- 14 cm 24 chn phc v cho vic gn cc ma trn led (8x8) vo

board led thnh ma trn led( 8x56).Vic dng cm 2 4 chn l v bng
led(8x8) c trc 8chn anode v 16 chn cathod gm hai mu xanh,
Hong Quang L -59-

.Trong thit k ny ti ch quan tm n mu c ngha cn tha 8 chn

mu xanh.
- 07 ma trn led(8x8) c24 chn ghp thnh ma trn (8x56)
7.2. S nguyn l ton mch v cng c thit k mch in
-Giao din phn mm h tr thit k s nguyn l ORCAD.9.2 dng

CARTURE CIS
Hnh 4.14: Giao din ORCAD 9.2 CARTURE CIS
-Giao in phn mm h tr thit k chuyn mch nguyn l sang mch in

bng ORCAD 9.2 dng LAYOUT PLUS
Hong Quang L -60-

Hnh 4.15: Giao din ORCAD 9.2 LAYOUT PLUS
Hong Quang L -61-

VCC U 145
D a ta 14 9 C 9 -C 1 6 U 153
SDI SDO VCC
C LO C K 12 7 1 18 C8
1
VCC 11 R C LK QH IN 1 O U T1 RC1
C
X T A L1 R3 6 2 17 C7
X T A L2
Y3 SR C LK QG 5 3 IN 2 O U T2 16 C6 P 2 .0 QC1
R E S IS T O R S IP 9 VCC 10 QF 4 4 IN 3 O U T3 15 C5 2N 2222 R C 9
J10 GND 13 C LR QE 3 5 IN 4 O U T4 14 C4 1K A node 0
C 27 U2 G QD 2 6 IN 5 O U T5 13 C3
QC IN 6 O U T6
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
40
12M hz C 26 1 7 12 C2 K100
33p 33p P 2.0 21 39 P 0.0 1 QB 15 8 IN 7 O U T7 11 C1
GND GND P 2.1 22 P 2 .0 /A 8 P 0 .0 /A D 0 38 P 0.1 2 QA IN 8 O U T8 VCC
VCC
P 2.2 23 P 2 .1 /A 9 P 0 .1 /A D 1 37 P 0.2 3 10 RC2
P 2.3 24 P 2 .2 /A 1 0 P 0 .2 /A D 2 36 P 0.3 4 74H C 595 COM P 2 .1 QC2
P 2.4 25 P 2 .3 /A 1 1 P 0 .3 /A D 3 35 P 0.4 5 U 146 2N 2222 R C 10
P 2.5 26 P 2 .4 /A 1 2 P 0 .4 /A D 4 34 P 0.5 6 U LN 2803 1K A node 1
P 2.6 27 P 2 .5 /A 1 3 P 0 .5 /A D 5 33 P 0.6 7 C 9 -C 1 6 14 9 C 1 6 -C 2 4 U 154
VCC P 2 .6 /A 1 4 P 0 .6 /A D 6 SDI SDO
P 2.7 28 32 P 0.7 8 K100
P 2 .7 /A 1 5 P 0 .7 /A D 7 C LO C K 12 7 1 18 C 16 VCC
R 22 1 10 1 11 R C LK QH 6 2 IN 1 O U T1 17 C 15 RC3
4 .7 k 2 P 1.0 P 3 .0 /R X D 11 2 SR C LK QG 5 3 IN 2 O U T2 16 C 14 P 2 .2 QC3
3 P 1.1 P 3 .1 /T X D 12 3 HEADER 8 VCC 10 QF 4 4 IN 3 O U T3 15 C 13 2N 2222 R C 11
4 P 1.2 P 3 .2 /IN T O 13 4 GND 13 C LR QE 3 5 IN 4 O U T4 14 C 12 1K A node 2
5 P 1.3 P 3 .3 /IN T 1 14 5 G QD 2 6 IN 5 O U T5 13 C 11
6 P 1.4 P 3 .4 /T O 15 6 QC 1 7 IN 6 O U T6 12 C 10 K 100
D5 7 P 1.5 P 3 .5 /T 1 16 D a ta 7 QB 15 8 IN 7 O U T7 11 C9 VCC
8 P 1.6 P 3 .6 /W R 17 C LO C K 8 QA IN 8 O U T8 RC4
LED P 1.7 P 3 .7 /R D 10 P 2 .3 QC4
XTAL1 19 29 74H C 595 COM 2N 2222 R C 12
XTAL2 18 XTAL1 PSEN U 147 1K A node 3
RST 9 XTAL2 30 HEADER 8 U LN 2803
J8 GND RST A L E /P R O G C 1 6 -C 2 4 14 9 C 2 5 -C 3 2 U 155 K100
VCC 31 SDI SDO VCC
E A /V P P C LO C K 12 7 1 18 C 24 RC5
1 VCC 11 R C LK QH 6 2 IN 1 O U T1 17 C 23 P 2 .4 QC5
GND
2 AT89C 51 SR C LK QG 5 3 IN 2 O U T2 16 C 22 2N 2222 R C 13
3 VCC 10 QF 4 4 IN 3 O U T3 15 C 21 1K A node 4
4 GND GND 13 C LR QE 3 5 IN 4 O U T4 14 C 20
20
5 G QD 2 6 IN 5 O U T5 13 C 19 K 100
6 QC 1 7 IN 6 O U T6 12 C 18 VCC
QB 15 8 IN 7 O U T7 11 C 17 RC6
QA IN 8 O U T8
GND
P 2 .5 QC6
U 160 10 2N 2222 R C 14
R 24 COM
USB D7 74H C 595 1K A node 5
1 3 VCC U 148
IN OUT U LN 2803 K100
1N 4007 C 2 5 -C 3 2 14 9 C 3 3 -C 4 0 U 156 VCC
K100W SDI SDO RC7
D9
J11 L M 7 8 0 5 C /T O C LO C K 12 7 1 18 C 32 P 2 .6 QC7
11 R C LK QH 6 2 IN 1 O U T1 17 C 31 2N 2222 R C 15
C 31 C 32 SR C LK QG 5 3 IN 2 O U T2 16 C 30 1K A node 6
1 1N 4007 VCC 10 QF 4 4 IN 3 O U T3 15 C 29
2 D8 C 29 C 30 GND 13 C LR QE 3 5 IN 4 O U T4 14 C 28 K 100
4 70 u F /25 V 4 7 0 u F /2 5 V G QD 2 6 IN 5 O U T5 13 C 27 VCC
1 0 0 u F /1 6 V 1 0 4 QC 1 7 IN 6 O U T6 12 C 26 RC8
1N 4007 QB 15 8 IN 7 O U T7 11 C 25 P 2 .7 QC8
Jack AC QA IN 8 O U T8 2N 2222 R C 16
D 10
10 1K A node 7
GND 74H C 595 COM
GND U 149 K 100
1N 4007 U LN 2803
J12 J13 J14 C 3 3 -C 4 0 14 9 C 4 1 -C 4 8 U 157
SDI SDO
A node 0 1 2 C1 A node 0 1 2 C9 A node 0 1 2 C 17 C LO C K 12 7 1 18 C 40
A node 1 3 4 C2 A node 1 3 4 C 10 A node 1 3 4 C 18 11 R C LK QH 6 2 IN 1 O U T1 17 C 39 J9
A node 2 5 6 C3 A node 2 5 6 C 11 A node 2 5 6 C 19 SR C LK QG 5 3 IN 2 O U T2 16 C 38
A node 3 7 8 C4 A node 3 7 8 C 12 A node 3 7 8 C 20 VCC 10 QF 4 4 IN 3 O U T3 15 C 37
9 10 9 10 9 10 GND 13 C LR QE 3 5 IN 4 O U T4 14 C 36 A node 0 1
11 12 11 12 11 12 G QD 2 6 IN 5 O U T5 13 C 35 A node 1 2
A node 4 13 14 C5 A node 4 13 14 C 13 A node 4 13 14 C 21 QC 1 7 IN 6 O U T6 12 C 34 A node 2 3
A node 5 15 16 C6 A node 5 15 16 C 14 A node 5 15 16 C 22 QB 15 8 IN 7 O U T7 11 C 33 A node 3 4
A node 6 17 18 C7 A node 6 17 18 C 15 A node 6 17 18 C 23 QA IN 8 O U T8 A node 4 5
A node 7 19 20 C8 A node 7 19 20 C 16 A node 7 19 20 C 24 10 A node 5 6
74H C 595 COM A node 6 7
U 150 A node 7 8
Led 1 Led 2 Led 3 U LN 2803
C 4 1 -C 4 8 14 9 C 4 9 -C 5 6 U 158
SDI SDO
J15 J16 J17 C LO C K 12 7 1 18 C 48 HEADER 8
11 R C LK QH 6 2 IN 1 O U T1 17 C 47
A node 0 1 2 C 25 A node 0 1 2 C 33 A node 0 1 2 C 41 SR C LK QG 5 3 IN 2 O U T2 16 C 46
A node 1 3 4 C 26 A node 1 3 4 C 34 A node 1 3 4 C 42 VCC 10 QF 4 4 IN 3 O U T3 15 C 45
A node 2 5 6 C 27 A node 2 5 6 C 35 A node 2 5 6 C 43 GND 13 C LR QE 3 5 IN 4 O U T4 14 C 44
A node 3 7 8 C 28 A node 3 7 8 C 36 A node 3 7 8 C 44 G QD 2 6 IN 5 O U T5 13 C 43
9 10 9 10 9 10 QC 1 7 IN 6 O U T6 12 C 42
11 12 11 12 11 12 QB 15 8 IN 7 O U T7 11 C 41
A node 4 13 14 C 29 A node 4 13 14 C 37 A node 4 13 14 C 45 QA IN 8 O U T8
A node 5 15 16 C 30 A node 5 15 16 C 38 A node 5 15 16 C 46 10
A node 6 17 18 C 31 A node 6 17 18 C 39 A node 6 17 18 C 47 74H C 595 COM
A node 7 19 20 C 32 A node 7 19 20 C 40 A node 7 19 20 C 48 U 151
U LN 2803
C 4 9 -C 5 6 14 9 C 5 7 -C 6 4 U 159
Led 4 Led 5 Led 6 SDI SDO
C LO C K 12 7 1 18 C 56
J18 11 R C LK QH 6 2 IN 1 O U T1 17 C 55
SW 1 SR C LK QG 5 3 IN 2 O U T2 16 C 54
D6 QF IN 3 O U T3
A node 0 1 2 C 49 VCC 10 4 4 15 C 53
VCC RST GND A node 1 3 4 C 50 GND 13 C LR QE 3 5 IN 4 O U T4 14 C 52
A node 2 5 6 C 51 G QD 2 6 IN 5 O U T5 13 C 51
R eset A node 3 7 8 C 52 QC 1 7 IN 6 O U T6 12 C 50
1N 4007 9 10 QB 15 8 IN 7 O U T7 11 C 49
C 28 R 23 QA IN 8 O U T8
11 12
A node 4 13 14 C 53 10
A node 5 15 16 C 54 74H C 595 COM
A node 6 17 18 C 55
1 0 u F /1 6 V 10K A node 7 19 20 C 56 U LN 2803
Led 7
Hnh 4.16: S nguyn l ton mch
Hong Quang L -62-

7.3.Board iu khin (mch ng 2 lp).
Hnh 4.17: Board iu khin (mch In 2 lp)
Hong Quang L -63-

Hnh 4.18: Board mch s chn

7.4. Board hin th (mch ng khi hin th)
7.5. Nguyn l hot ng Board

ca ton
Hnh 4.19: hin th (mch In)
mch:
Hong Quang L -64-

--Bng n trong thit k ny gm c 7ma trn LED 8x8, tc l bng

n gm c 8 hng v 56 ct
- d liu t vi iu khin a ra hin th c trn bng n theo

mt trt t nht nh (hin th ng ch hoc ng hnh nh) th d liu gi
ra ny phi c ng b vi tn hiu qut ct.
--Khi d liu t nh u tin gi ra bng n th ch c ct n u

tin l c php sng (c s cho php ca tn hiu qut ct), cc ct cn
li khng c php sng (khng c s cho php ca tn hiu qut ct).
Tng t nh th, khi d liu t nh th hai gi ra th ch c ct th hai
ca bng n l c php sng, cc ct cn li th khng, cho n ct th
56 c hin th d liu t nh th 56 y c tnh l mt ln qut
Nh vy, xt ti mt thi im nht nh th ch c mt ct LED

c php sng (LED no trong ct c php sng th do d liu t vi
iu khin gi n qua Port P2 quyt nh). Nhng do qut vi tn s cao
v nh vo s lu nh ca mt m ta thy c cc ch mt cch lin tc,
khng b chp tt.
--Sau khi qut 56 nh lu gi trong b nh ROM ca vi iu khin

lu ( thi gian ngi xem c th c c ch trn bng n, bng
cch qut i qut li nhiu ln) th vi iu khin s iu khin chuyn sang
qut 56 nh k tip (d liu c dch i mt nh). Khi dch chuyn
d liu cc nh th hin th trn bng n s to cho ta cm gic nh
cc ch dch i mt ct. Khi nh cui cng trong bng d liu c truy
xut, vi iu khin s quay tr li truy xut nh u tin.
Qu trnh c th tip tc v ta s thy c dng ch di chuyn trn

bng n. V dng ch s c chy vng.
IV. THIT K CHNG TRNH CHO VI IU KHIN
Hong Quang L -65-

1.Nguyn l hot ng
Theo nguyn l v thit k phn cng ca mch qung co, chng ta

s xy dng thut ton cho chng trnh iu khin np vo vi iu
khin AT89C51.
Trong s nguyn l, d liu t Port 2 s c xut ra hng, cn

Port3 s c chn c s dng lm chn a ch a vo IC 74HC595
tin hnh gii m ct. Nh vy mc ch ca chng trnh s l .
- iu khin cc ct (dch cc ct m bo ti mi thi im ch

c mt ct c php sng, v sng theo th t).
- ng thi vi vic iu khin ct l xut d liu ra hng tng

ng, hin ch (d liu c nhp t trc trong b nh ROM ca
89C51)
- iu khin qut Led, to hnh nh lin tc
- iu khin dng ch chy t phi qua tri
u tin cn phi khai bo d liu (np d liu vo cc nh ca

Rom 8951) theo tng byte, mi byte chnh l m ca mt ct (gm 8 led),
khi byte c xut ra ng vi ct c php sng th vi bt 1 led s
sng, bt 0 led s tt. Cc byte ny s c ct vo cc nh lin tip ca
b nh Rom ca vi iu khin 8951, khi chng ta mun truy xut d liu
th ch vic truy xut vo cc nh nh a ch.
D liu c truy xut, a ra Port 0 hin th ch bng cch sau:
Theo nguyn tc: a ch = b m + con tr
Con tr m chng ta s dng y l con tr d liu DPTR. u

tin con tr s c t a ch u bng d liu, b m l m a ch
offset , chng ta s dng thanh cha A cha a ch ny. V lnh sau s truy
xut vo d liu:
Hong Quang L -66-

MOVC A, @A+DPTR
Khi ch vic xut d liu t thanh cha A ra Port 2 l c.
y b m c dng l b m gim, gi tr thanh cha c

Bt u
gn u tin l 56 ct (56 byte d liu ) s c qut rt nhanh v qut lm
nhiu ln mt ta c th thy c hnh nh mt cch r nt ( hin tng
Thit lp cc trng thi
lu nh trn vng mc ). Khi qut
banxong
u s ln qut nh, con tr s tng
ln 1, v cng vic s c lp li. Lc hnh nh s dch chuyn ( l
do d liu dch i ). Khi con tr n mt v tr m d liu c truy
Thit lp con tr d liu
xut ht, chng ta s t n quay tr v v tr ban u. V cng vic c th
DPTR
c lp li. Trn bng qung co chng ta s c thy mt dng ch
chy t phi qua tri, ri mt i v li hin ra
Truy xut bng d liu
ng thi vi vic xut d liu ra hng chng ta cng phi to mt
b m 56 gii m ct, b m hot ng gn nh cng lc vi xut d
Xut d liu qut ct
liu.
2. Lu Thut Ton
Xut d liu ra hng
Kim tra ht N
khung hnh
Y
Tng con tr d liu DPTR
dch nh to cm gic
ch tri trn bng n
N Kim tra ht ni
dung qung co
Y
Kim tra RESET
Hong Quang L Y
-67-
Kt thc
3.Chng trinh v np chng trnh cho chp AT89C51
Giao din phn KEIL
Hong Quang L -68-

Hnh 4.20: Giao din phn KEIL
Dng mch np ROM v chy chng trnh proload V2.1 for 89series
programmer ca hng Sun Rom chng trnh c down load trrc tip t
Web ca hng Sun Rom.http://www surom.com-Dng phn mm Keil
mFile vit chng trnh tn chng trrinh phi c ui
- asm nu vit bng hp ng ,nu vit bng ngn ng c th tn chng trnh

phi c ui .c
- Chng trrnh c vit thnh cng ta tin hnh dch sang file hex ,ri
np vo ROM trn chp AT89c51
-Mch np chng trnh cho ROM trn chp AT89... c nh di y
Hong Quang L -69-

-Hnh nh np thnh cng chng trnh iu khin hin th dng ch

(KHOA IEN TU VIEN THONG AI HOC BACH KHOA HA NOI )
tri t tri qua phi
- Chng trnh c kich thc l:393 byte
Hnh 4.21: Giao din h tr mch np chng trnh
cho ROM/CHIP AT89C51
T nguyn l hot ng v lu thut ton ta c th xy dng chng

trinh ASSEMBLY sau y l m ngun ca chng trnh
Hong Quang L -70-

CHNG TRNH CHY DNG CH QUNG CO
CHAR EQU P2
CLOCK EQU P3.7
INPUT EQU P3.6
; THIET LAP 1
MOV R4, # 38H
AGAIN:
SETB INPUT
CLR CLOCK
CPL CLOCK
MOV R4,#38
DJNZ R4,AGAIN
;-----------------------------
SCAN:
MOV DPTR,#DU_LIEU
MOV R0,#255 ;DO DAI DU LIEU
;-----------------------------
;XU LY TROI
SCAN1:
INC DPTR
MOV 30H,DPH ;SAVE DPTR
MOV 31H,DPL
;QUYET LAP LAI
SCAN2:
Hong Quang L -71-

MOV R2,#20 ;SO LAN QUYET
;------------------------------
SCAN3:
Setb INPUT ;CHUYEN 0 VAO
CLR CLOCK
CPL CLOCK
MOV R3,#57 ;SO LAN DICH
SCAN4:
MOV A,#0 ;CHUYEN DU LIEU
MOVC A,@A+DPTR
MOV CHAR,A
CALL DELAY
INC DPTR
Clr INPUT ;CHUYEN 1 VAO
CLR CLOCK
CPL CLOCK
;------------------------------
DJNZ R3,SCAN4 ;QUYET LAI DOAN
;------------------------------
MOV DPH,30H
MOV DPL,31H ;LOAD DPTR
DJNZ R2,SCAN3
;------------------------------
DJNZR0,SCAN1
JMP SCAN ;QUYET VO HAN
Hong Quang L -72-

;------------------------------
;CHUONG TRINH CON
DELAY:
PUSH 05
PUSH 06
MOV R6,#10 ; Tre theo R6
LOOP1:
MOV R5,#10 ;
DJNZ R5,$
DJNZ R6,LOOP1
POP 06
POP 05
RET
;-----------------------------
;DOAN DU LIEU
;HIEN THI DONG CHU:' Khoa dien tu vien thong dai hoc bach khoa ha noi'
DU_LIEU:
DB 0,0,0,0,0,0
DB 0,0,0,0,0,0
DB 0,0,0,0,0,0
DB 0,0,0,0,0,0
DB 0,0,0,0,0,0
DB 0,0,0,0,0,0
DB 0,0,0,0,0,0
DB 0,0,0,0,0,0
Hong Quang L -73-

DB 0,0,0,0,0,0
DB 7FH,08H,14H,22H,41H ;CHU_K:
DB 0
DB 7FH,08H,08H,08H,7FH ;CHU_H:
DB 0
DB 3EH,41H,41H,41H,3EH ;CHU_O
DB 0
DB 7CH,06H,05H,06H,7CH;CHU_A
DB 0,0,0,0
DB 08H,7FH,49H,41H,3EH ;CHU_D
DB 0
DB 41H,7FH,41H ;CHU_I:
DB 0
DB 7FH,49H,49H,49H;,49H ;CHU_E:
DB 0
DB 7FH,04H,08H,10H,7FH ;CHU_N:
DB 0,0,0,0
DB 01H,01H,7FH,01H,01H ;CHU_T:
DB 0
DB 3FH,40H,40H,40H,3FH ;CHU_U:
DB 0,0,0,0
DB 1FH,20H,40H,20H,1FH ;CHU_V:
DB 0
DB 0
Hong Quang L -74-

DB 7FH,49H,49H,49H;,49H ;CHU_E:
DB 0
DB 0,0,0,0
DB 01H,01H,7FH,01H,01H ;CHU_T:
DB 0
DB 0
DB 3EH,41H,41H,41H,3EH ;CHU_O:
DB 0
DB 0
DB 3EH,41H,49H,3AH,08H ;CHU_G:
DB 0,0,0,0
DB 08H,7FH,49H,41H,3EH ;CHU_D
DB 0
DB 7CH,06H,05H,06H,7CH ;CHU_A
DB 0
DB 0,0,0,0
DB 0
DB 0
DB 3EH,41H,41H,41H,22H ;CHU_C:
DB 0,0,0,0
DB 7FH,49H,49H,49H,36H ;CHU_B:
DB 0
DB 0
Hong Quang L -75-

DB 3EH,41H,41H,41H,22H ;CHU_C:
DB 0
DB 0,0,0,0
DB 7FH,08H,14H,22H,41H ;CHU_K:
DB 0
DB 0
DB 3EH,41H,41H,41H,3EH ;CHU_O
DB 0
DB 0,0,0,0
Board
DB 0
DB 0,0,0,0
DB 0
DB 0
DB 0
DB 0,0,0,0,0,0
DB 0,0,0,0,0,0
END
4. Kt qu h thng qung co
Hong Quang L -76-

Hnh 4.22: Kt qu sn phm
KT LUN
Hong Quang L -77-

Sau thi gian thc hin ti tt nghip vi s hng dn tn tnh ca cc

thy c trong b mn CNT, c bit l s ch bo v gip tn tnh ca
thy Phm Mnh Hng cng nhng c gng ca bn thn Ti hon
thnh ti tt nghip thit k H Thng Qung Co dng vi iu khin
AT89C51.
nh gi kt qu thc hnh ng dng vi iu khin AT89C51.
V thi gian hn ch,m khi lng cng vic phi thc hin ca ti th
rt nhiu, cng vi s hiu bit ca Ti v h vi iu khin 8051 cn hn
hp.Cho nn kt qu mi ch t c mc th nghim.
Tuy nhin vi sn phm ny vn ch l m hnh th nghim. Vy pht

trin ti thnh sn phm tiu dng thc s yu thch, Ti rt mong c
s ch bo ca cc Thy C v bn b.
Nhng hng pht trin cho ti
- M rng kch thc bng Led theo yu cu s dng.
- Khi hin th s hin th cc mu sc khc nhau.
- C nhiu ch chy khc nhau .
- Kt ni vi my tnh tin cho vic thay i ni dung chng trnh.
Cui cng em xin gi li cm n chn thnh chn thnh nht ti Thy

Phm Mnh Hng - Ging vin hng dn trc tip cng ton th cc Thy
C trong khoa in t Vin thng v Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni.
Ti xin chn thnh cm n cc bn gip ti trong qu trnh hc tp

ti Trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni.
Hong Quang L -78-

TI LIU THAM KHO
H vi iu khin 8051
Tc gi: Tng vn On, Hong c Hi
Cu trc v lp trnh h vi iu khin 8051
Tc gi: Nguyn Tng Cng, Phm Quc Thng
Website www.diendandientu.com
Hong Quang L -79-

MC LC
M U..............................................................................................................1
CHNG I: TNG QUAN V H VI X L 8051..........................................2
I. NHNG C IM C BN H VI X L 8051..............................2
1.Tm tt v lch s ca 8051...............................................................................2
2. B v iu khin 8051.......................................................................................3
3. S khi chung ca h vi iu khin 8051.....................................................3
II. THNH VIN H VI X L 8051........................................................4
1. B vi iu khin 8052:......................................................................................4
2. B vi iu khin 8031:......................................................................................5
3. Cc b vi iu khin 8051 t cc hng khc nhau.............................................5
3.1. B vi iu khin 8751....................................................................................6
3.2. B vi iu khin AT8951 t Atmel Corporation.............................................6
3.3. B vi iu khin DS5000 t hng Dallas Semiconductor...............................7
3.4. Phin bn OTP ca 8051...............................................................................9
3.5. H 8051 t Hng Philips...............................................................................9
CHNG II GII THIU VI IU KHIN AT89C51.12
1. S Khi Ca Vi iu Khin AT89C51......................................................10
2. c Tinh Ca AT89C51...................................................................................11
3. S chn v chc nng cc chn ca CHIP 89C51......................................12
4. Cu trc ca PORT xut/nhp.........................................................................16
5. T chc b nh................................................................................................18
6. Hot ng Ca Thanh Ghi TIME...................................................................29
7. B m Chng Trinh V Khng Gian ROM Ca 8051................................34
CHNG III: CC CH NH A CH CA 8051................................39
I CC CH NH A CH TC THI V THEO THANH GHI...39
1 Ch nh a ch tc thi.............................................................................39
2. ch nh a ch theo thanh ghi:.................................................................39
II. TRUY CP B NH S DNG CC CH NH A CH
KHC NHAU.............................................................................................40
1 Ch nh a ch trc tip............................................................................40
2 Cc thanh ghi SFSR v cc a ch ca chng..................................................41
Hong Quang L -80-

3 Ngn xp v ch nh a ch trc tip.......................................................44

4 Ch nh a ch gin tip thanh ghi...........................................................44
5. u im ca ch nh a ch gin tip thanh ghi.......................................45
6. Hn ch ca ch nh a ch gin tip thanh ghi trong 8051.....................45
7. Ch nh a ch theo ch s v truy cp b nh ROM trn chp................45
8 Bng xp xp v s dng ch nh a ch theo ch s...............................45
CHNG IV: NG DNG...............................................................................46
I. Bi ton:...................................................................................................46
II. S d khi v cc chc nng ca h qung co.....................................46
1.S d khi ca h qung co............................................................................46
2.Chc nng cc khi..........................................................................................46
III . THIT K CHI TIT CC KHI......................................................48
1.Thit k chi tit khi ngun..............................................................................48
2. Thit thit khi m hng...............................................................................49
3. Thit k khi gii m ct chi tit (qut ct)....................................................50
4. Khi thc cng xut ct (m ng ra cT)......................................................53
5. khi hin th....................................................................................................56
6. Khi iu Khin Trung Tm...........................................................................58
7. Nguyn l ton mch......................................................................................59
7.1. Linh kin cn cho thit k....................................................................61
7.1. S nguyn l ton mch v cng c thit k mch in......................61
7.2.Board iu khin(mch ng 2 lp)......................................................64
7.3. Board hin th (mch ng khi hin th).............................................65
7.4. Nguyn l hot ng ca ton mch:...................................................66
IV. THIT K CHNG TRNH CHO VI IU KHIN.......................67
1.Nguyn l hot ng........................................................................................67
2. Lu Thut Ton.........................................................................................68
3.Chng trinh v np chng trnh cho chp AT89C51.....................................70
4. Kt qu............................................................................................................78
KT LUN.........................................................................................................79
TI LIU THAM KHO
Hong Quang L -81-

Thiết Kế Hệ Thống Quảng Cáo Dùng Vi Điều Khiển AT89C51 Cũng Như Họ Vi Điều Khiển 8051

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Thiết Kế Hệ Thống Quảng Cáo Dùng Vi Điều Khiển AT89C51 Cũng Như Họ Vi Điều Khiển 8051

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EBOOKBKMT.

COM - Cng ng chia s kin thc

Trong qu trnh hc tp trng v c bit thi gian thit k n tt

Em xin chn thnh cm n thy Phm Mnh Hng cng cc

Hong Quang L -1-

TNG QUAN V H VI X L 8051

1.Tm tt v lch s ca 8051.

Vo nm 1981, hng Intel gii thiu mt s b vi iu khin c gi l

Hong Quang L -2-

Bng 1.1. Cc c tnh ca 8051 u tin

3. S khi chung ca h vi iu khin 8051

Interrupt control : iu khin ngt.

Other registers : Cc thanh ghi khc.

128 Byte RAM : RAM 128 Byte.

CPU : n v iu khin trung tm.

Oscillator : Mch dao ng.

Bus control: iu khin Bus

I/O ports: Cc ports vo/ ra

Serial port: port ni tip

Address/data : a ch/ d liu

Hong Quang L -3-

Hnh 1.1. B tr bn trong ca s khi 8051

II. THNH VIN H VI X L 8051

B vi iu khin 8052 l mt thnh vin khc ca h 8051, 8052 c

Hong Quang L -4-

c tnh 8051 8052 8031

ROM trn chp 4K byte 8K byte

RAM 128 byte 256 byte 128 byte

Bng 1.2. So snh cc c tnh ca cc thnh vin h 8051.

Nh nhn thy t bng 1.2 th 8051 l tp con ca 8052, do vy tt c

Mt thnh vin khc na ca 8051 l chp 8031. Chp ny thng

3. Cc b vi iu khin 8051 t cc hng khc nhau.

Mc d 8051 l thnh vin phi bin nht ca h 8051 nhng chng

Hong Quang L -5-

s ng k linh kin khc nhau. Phin bn UV-PROM ca 8051 l 8751

3.1. B vi iu khin 8751

Chp 8751 ch c 4K byte b nh UV-EPROM trn chp. s dng

3.2. B vi iu khin AT8951 t Atmel Corporation.

Chp 8051 ph bin ny c ROM trn chp dng b nh Flash.

Hong Quang L -6-

M linh kin Tc S chn ng v Mc ch

Bng 1.4: Cc phin bn 8051 vi tc khc nhau ca Atmel

3.3. B vi iu khin DS5000 t hng Dallas Semiconductor.

Hong Quang L -7-

M linh kin ROM RAM Chn I/O Timer Ngt Vcc ng v

DS5000-32-8 32K 8MHz

DS5000T-32-12 32K 8MHz (with RTC)

DS5000-32-12 32K 12MHz

DS5000-8-12 8K 12MHz (with RTC)

3.4. Phin bn OTP ca 8051.

Hong Quang L -8-

Flash v NV-RAM thng c dng pht trin sn phm mu. Khi mt

3.5. H 8051 t Hng Philips

Mt nh sn xut chnh ca h 8051 khc na l Philips Corporation.

Hong Quang L -9-

GII THIU VI IU KHIN AT89C51

1. S Khi Ca Vi iu Khin AT89C51

RAM ADD PORT 0 PORT 2

INTERRUPT SERIAL PORT

P1.0 - P1.7 P3.0 - P3.7

Hnh 2.1: S Khi Ca Vi iu Khin AT89C51

Hong Quang L -10-

- C th vi iu khin AT89C51 l 1 IC c tch hp trn h vi x l.

- 4KB ROM trong v c th ghi xo c 1000 ln.

- Di tn s hot ng t 0MHz 24MHz.

- 128x8 bit RAM trong.

- C 6 nguyn nhn ngt.