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SushilaDeuja2068BS KehiPailaKehiAnubhuti
SushilaDeuja2068BS KehiPailaKehiAnubhuti
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Kehi Paaila Kehi Anubhuti Travel memoirs: drawn from the experience
of developed to conflict afflicted countries by Sushila Deuja, 2012
ISBN: 978-9937-2-4146-5
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cWog uL cfgf] dGtJo n]Vg] si6 ullbg'ePsf]df cfb0fLo o'jfh
gof3]df nfvnfv wGojfb 5
o; s[tLnfO{ ;fy{s agfpg ;xof]u k'ofPsf]df d]f >Ldfg
>L jL]Gb|axfb' b]phf, 5f]fx ;of{t, k'sf, ;'jL, dgg, alxgL piff
~`~ ~6~
e|d0f ul/Psf ljsl;tb]lv G k|efljt d'n'sx ljifoqmd
;'fj, ;xof]usf] axfgfdf bafa lbb} xtIf]k ug{;Dd kl5 kb}{gg fd|f] lyof] To; Kn]gdf w]}h;f] ljb]zLx lyP sf]xL 3'Dg cfPsf
;s];Dd efF8e}nf] dRrfO{ zflGt vnanfOxG5g afbn] cfgf]] 3 xf]nfg, t sf]xL sfdsf] nflu cfh oxfsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] pBf]u ko{6g
klg agfpb}g csf{sf] ag]sf] 3 klg b]Vg ;Sb}g ] otf] b'i6 pBf]u ePsf] 5 ] ;+;fs} ;aeGbf k|frLg 7"nf] lxGb" dlGb To;
k|j[lQn] l5d]sLnfO{ cfTd;Gt'li6 kf] ldNg] xf] jf s'g} jfy{ k"lt{ x'g] a]nfsf] ;Eotfsf ;fy} u[xo'4tfsf ePsf aa{tfsf cg]s syf ;'g]sf]
xf] a'g} g;lsg] c ula eP x]kfxf k|j[lQn] a9L lyrf]ldrf] ub}{ ljZjn] zflGt 5fPkl5 dflg;xnfO{ PskN6 cfg} cfvfn] To; If]qsf]
hfG5g ot}ot} cfGtlsafXo bM'vn] lklN;Psf] b]z sDaf]l8ofn] cjnf]sg ug]{ dg x'G5 xf]nf To;}n] xf]nf o; If]qdf ko{6ssf] 3'Orf]
s]xL jif{otf zflGt 5fPsfn] fxtsf] ;f; km]]sf] 5 ePsf] cWofudgaf6 lgsg] a]nf;Dddf xfd|f] ;fdfg klg cfO;s]sf]
ljb]zLxsf] ;xof]udf ToxfF cfh tLj| kdf ljsf; eOx]5 lyof] Toxfsf dflg;sf] clejfbg ug]{ tlsf, e]ife"iff, dflg;sf] k
To;} l;nl;nfdf Ps sDkgLn] d]f] >LdfgnfO{ Psdlxg] sfdsf] nflu u w]} yfO{jf;L;u ldNbf]h'Nbf] nfUof] xfdLnfO{ aflx clkm;sf] uf8L
k|tfj k7fof] fhwfgL Gxf]dk]gdf g} sfd xf] Toxf s'g} vtf 5}g lng cfPsf] lyof] nfdf] ;dosf] o'4n] ;x tx;gx; eO{ lau|]sf] Tof]
eGg] a'L xfdLn] Toxf hfg] lg0f{o uof} e|d0f u] slxNo} gyfSg], lgdf{0ffwLg cjyfdf g} xf]nf eGg] d}n] ;f]r]sL lyP d]f] dfg;k6ndf
dnfO{ Ps kN6 km]l Hofb} pT;'s nfu]sf] b]zsf] e|d0f ug]{ cj; oxfsf] cs{} vfn] tla sf]lPsf] lyof] t oxfFsf] af6f] ;x b]v]
eujfgn] h'fOlbg'eof] Hofb} v';L nfluXof] rlst k]
l8;]Da #@))* df sf7df8f} 5f]8g' lyof] a}ss eO{ hfg w]} klxn] ;g !*^# b]lv k|m]Gr pklgj]zsf] kdf x]sf] of]
kfPsf] eP w]} glhs kYof]{ t ToxL ;dodf a}ssdf Ps xKtfb]lv b]z, To; ;dodf g} Gxf]dk]g ;x k"} of]hgfa4 kdf a;flnPsf]
Pokf]6{ aGb eP ofq'x cnkq larNnLdf k]sf] ;dfrf l6eLn] x]5 ;x a;fNbf 7fpsf] s'g} sGh'ofO u]htf] b]lvb}g lbn
b]vfOx]sf] lyof] To;}n] xfdL l;ufk' eO{ hfg] eof} km'sfP agfPsf x]5g rf}8f af6f], 7fp7fpdf kfs,{ ;kmf;'U3, st}
sDaf]l8ofsf ;+lwof b]z x'g yfONofG8, nfcf]; leotgfd uHofu'h' gePsf] fd|f] of]hgf uL agfOPsf] dfOnf] nfUof] ;fy}
l;Ns Poaf6 cfO{ Ps ft l;ufk'd} aof} ef]lnkN6 ckfXGglt cfgf]] fhwfgL;u bfHbf x]o efjgf hfuL dg lvGg eof] hxf uP
l;ufk' Poaf6 Gxf]dk]g cfOk'Uof} p8fg ;do Ps 3G6f rfnL; klg cfgf]] b]z;u bfHg dg nfluxfN5 nfdf] ;f; km]b{} ;f]r]F d}n] s7}
ldg]6sf] lyof] l;ufk'df kfgL klx] klg oxfF cfsfz ;kmf lyof] xfd|f] b]z otf] Jojlyt slxn] x'g] xf]nf
Kn]g tntn bf{ ToxfFsf] e"ld b]lvg yfNof] ;;fgf y'Dsfhtf ;fkvsf] ;do xfdL xf]6ntkm{ uOx]sf lyof} uf8L Pp6f
kxf8, htftt} xlofnL, kfgL, lgs} pa{ e"ld 5htf] nfUof] ctfpb} kfs{af6 kf; eof] hxf y'k|} s]6fs]6Lx Gfflrx]sf lyP d}n]
5lPsf] ;"o{sf] kx]nf] ls0fdf jftfj0f d0fLo nfUof] Kn]gn] Gxf]dk]g 8fOenfO{ Tof] s] u]sf] egL ;f]w] p;n] eGof] ;uLtsf] tfndf
Pokf]6{df cjt0f uof] Pokf]6{ G8}G8} xfd|f] sf7df8f}sf] ht} Pf]ljs u]sf] oxfF x]s ;fF 7"nf;fgf hDdf eO{ ;uLtsf] tfndf
;fwf0f lyof] sd cfsng u]sf] d]f] dgn] ca Kn]gdf xfd|f]ht} Jofofd ubf{ x]5g oxf cfOdfO{sf] nflu s'g} aGb]h x]g5 jtGq
eof NofP hf]8nfg clg a;df fv] 6ldgn ejg;Dd n}hfnfg b]lvG5g oxfsf afl;Gbf ;a} xl;nfl;nf dfOnf] ug'{kg]{htf]
eGg] ;f]r]sL lyP d]f] ;f]rfOljkLt Toxf Kn]gsf] 9f]sfdf NofO{ 6'a nfUof] yfONofG8;u l;dfgf hf]l8Psf], wd{;+s[ltb]lv dflg;sf] agf]6,
hf]l8of] clg latflatf xfdL 6ldgn ejglt nfUof} le;f n'uf nufpg] tlsf klg yfO{ht} nfUof]
oxL Pokf]6{af6 g} lbbf] x]5 ejgsf] leqL efu ;fgf] eP klg ;kmf sf]nf]lgon d]g;gdf sf]7f klxn] g} a's ulPsf] lyof] of]
cfo cfh{g ug{'kof] cfocfh{gsf] nflu ;a} b]zdf Pp6} kmd{'nf nfu" w]} k|z+;f ;'g] klg o; b]zsf] e|d0f ug]{ cj; eg] kfPsL
x'b}g cfgf]] b]zsf] klj]z, ef}uf]lns kllyltsf ;fy} leGg 7fpdf lyOg hgjL !(@), @))( df h]g]efdf >Ldfgsf] Pp6f ldl6n]
pTkfbg x'g] leGg jt'xn] 7"nf] kms kf]sf] x'G5 ;aeGbf klxnf t dnfO{ klg Toxfsf] e|d0f ug]{ cj; h'of] hgjL !& df stf
cfgf]] b]zdf ;lhnf]l;t pTkfbg x'g] ;+;fsf] ahfdf To;sf] dfu, Poaf6 bf]xf cfO{ Ps ft aof} s]xL ;docl3;Dd z'4 d?e"ld
vkt slt 5 To;n] cfocfh{gdf slt 6]jf k'ofp5 To;sf] vf]hL ljsf;n] g5f]Psf] b]z stf cfh lbg b'u'gf ft rf}u'gf ljsf; ub{}
cg';Gwfg x'g'kof] ht} lj6hNofG8 clwstd kxf8L e"ld eP d?e"ldsf] sfofkn6 x'Fb}5 Pl;ofnL ula dhb'xsf] cfzfsf] s]Gb|
xf]nf oxfF w]} klxn]b]lv ufO{at' w]} kflnGYof] b"wnfO{ w]} lbg;Dd ag]sf] 5 of] e"ld lxnf]df sdn eg]em} cfw'lgs ljsf;n] d?e"lddf
e08f0f ug{ gldNg] s;L o;nfO{ nfdf] ;do;Dd fVg] egL ljleGg zLtntf xlofnL Nofpb} 5 c;Dej eGg] s]xL 5}g eGg] pbfx0f
vfB klsfsf] vf]hL ub{} uP cfjZostf g} cfljisfsf] hggL xf] lbPsf] 5 of] b]zn]
eg]em} ljleGg k|of; vf]hLsf] pkh xf] rLh b"wnfO{ nfdf] ;do;Dd ef]lnkN6 laxfg ;ft ah] stf Po h]g]efsf] nflu p8of]
;~ro ug{ ;lsg] rLhsf] pTkfbg ;'? u] To;kl5 latf} b"waf6 bf]xfb]lv h]g]ef hDdf ;f9] 5 3G6fsf] p8fg lyof] vf;df of] ;do
ljleGg k|sfsf rsn]6 pTkfbg u] o;af6 k|zt kmfObf lng ;kmn lj6hNofG8 3'Dg] pko'St a]nf xf]Og ] kfgL, lxp kg]{ cTolws hf8f]
eP cfly{s lyltdf o;n] 7"nf] ;'wf Nofof] ;+;fe lj; rLh df};d otf] hf8f] df};ddf oxf;Dd cfpg' >Ldfgsf] t sfdsf] s'f]
rsn]6n] 7"nf] gfd sdfof] h'g cfh;Dd sfod 5 of] k|of; lj; lyof] To;df d}n] df}sfsf] kmfObf p7fP otf cfsfz ;fx|} w'lDdPsf]
PsLs0f x'g'cl3 g} yflnPsf] xf] x]5 Sof] Kn]g lgs}a] sfnf] afbnleq xfOXof] dgdg} ;f]r] wGo
To;kl5 pgLx latf} lbdfuL sfdk|lt cu|; x'b} 38L agfpg dflg;sf] a'l4 otf] cGwsfdf s'Of]sf] sfu;l p8]sf] hxfhn] slt
yfn] lj; 38L eg]kl5 ;+;fe cfh klg Tolts} gfd 5 lgof{t ;lhnf]l;t hldgdf cjt0f ufof] of] ;a} hxfhdf ePsf] oGq
ug{ klg ;lhnf] cfo klg a9L x'g] To;kl5 oxf e kbf{ 7"nf7"nf Pokf]6{df hl8Psf] oGqsf] ;xfotfn] ;Dej ePsf] t xf] Totf] oGq
a}sx v'n] ht} cK7off] kllyltdf klg uf]Kotf eu gx'g] ljZjf; agfpg] klg log} dflg; x'g Wjt agfpg] klg log} dflg; leGg
lbnfP cfvf lrDnL ljZjf; ug{ ;lsg] egL ;+;fesf wgLdfgLsf] leGg d'08sf] leGgleGg a'l4
ljZjf; lhTg ;kmn eP clg ;+;fesf wgLx oxfsf] a}sdf k};f oxfF Oldu|];g sf8{ eg'{kbf{] x]g5 kf;kf]6{df le;f x]] 5fk
fVg nfnlot eP rf}ltaf6 k};f cf]Olg yfNof] pgLxsf] of]hgf nufOlbP tL 5fk nufpg] JolStn] xfd|f] kf;kf]6{ x]] g]kfn egL d'v
;kmn x'b} uof] cfh a}s Joj;fo g} oxfFsf] 7"nf] cfo ;|f]tsf] af6f] aUofP xfb} 3'Dg cfPsf] egL ;f]Wof] >Ldfgn] x}g ldl6df cfPsf]
ag]sf] 5 k};f, cf6, lbdfusf] ld>0fn] stf]stf] ljsf; ePsf] 5 eGbf stf] ldl6 egL Pp6f a]dtnjsf] k|Zgsf] em6ff] ofSof]
cfw'lgs ;'ljwfsf ;fy} k|fs[lts ;'Gbtfsf] cjnf]sg ug{ ;+;fesf p;sf] xfpefp x]bf{ xfdL ula b]zsf] dflg; lj6hNofG8htf]
ko{6s oxf lelqPsf 5g ;'Gbf c;Dejhtf] nfUg] kxf8df uf8L b]zdf 3'Dg cfpg] cf}sft 5 egL JoUo uL x]k]sf] xf] lshtf] nfuL
]n;u;u} u'l8x]sf] b]lvG5 ;+;fedf ;aeGbf a9L s]jn sfsf] gdfOnf] nfUof] dgdg} ula eP klg To;n] kfNg'k]sf] 5}g Sof]
k|of]u klg oxL ePsf] 5 ] x]s 7fpdf x]s ;'ljwf k'u]sf] 5 ;a} b'Mvlhnf] n8b}k8b} eP klg cfg} b]zsf] cGg vfP afFr]sf 5f}
cfgf]]cfgf]] If]qdf Tolts} h'6]sf 5g oxfsf] 6]S;6fon pBf]un] htf] klg nfUof] x'g t p;n] Totf] ;f]r]sf] gx'g klg ;S5 d]f]
klg TolQs} ;kmntf kfPsf] 5 dgsf] ts{gf dfq klg xf]nf t}klg cfkm" sdhf] ePkl5 anjfgsf]
;hfpb} sltn] klxnf]rf]l6 Kn]g r9]sf xf]nfg gof cg'ej cln cfOlbP emu8fsf] aLp g} pld|b}gYof] of] ;+;f slt ;'GbzfGt x'GYof]
cflQPhtf], 8fPhtf] stfstf xfPhtf] kljf;usf] la5f]8sf] xf]nf t ldrfxf k|j[lQn] ufh]sf] of] ;+;f sdhf] kfP lyrf]ldrf]
kL8f OToflb ldl>t efj d'xfdf k|6 b]lvGYof] Psb'O{rf]l6 ljb]z uP ug{ cl3 ;L xfN5 oxfF s;nfO{ km';{b 5 csf{sf] cK7off] b'Mvaf]
cfO;s]sf cg'ejLx gofnfO{ ctL{pkb]z lbb} Toxfsf lgod ;Demfpb} ;f]RgnfO{ km]l csf{n] cfgf]a] f] ;f]lrb]nfg eGg' klg t d"vt{ f xf] cfgf]]
lyP csf{sf] 7fp stf] xf]nf stf] sfd ug{'kg]{ xf] g efiff ldN5, dfnsf] ;'Iff cfkmFn} ] ug{ ;Sg'k5{ lbgsf] pHofnf]df eP of] af]8{ nfOg
g pgLxn] rfx]htf] sfd hfg]sf] 5 s]s] ug{'kg]{ xf] s;}s;}sf] sxf b]lvGYof] xf]nf h]xf]; cfgf]] 3sf] ;'Iff cfkm}n
F ] ug{k' 5{ eGg] ultnf]
dg To;}To;} cflQOx]Yof] xf]nf lg sf9] vtf df]n]sf 5g ltg{ b[i6fGt b]Vg kfOof] xfd|f] b]zdf klg ot} uL af nufpg ;s] s]xL
;lsPnf ls g;lsPnf dgdf zsf plAhb} xf]nf t}klg cefj}cefjdf dfqfdf eP klg cftsckfw sd x'GYof] xf]nf ls
lklN;Psf o'jfx k};f sdfO{ ;'vL hLjgsf] klsNkgfdf 8'Ab} csf{sf] ca km]l nfuf} ofqftkm{ sla kfr 3G6fdf stfsf] fhwfgL
7fpdf htf] sfd ug{ klg tTk ePsf 5g ;DkGg 3sf eP s] otf] bf]xfdf hxfh cjt0f ub{} 5 eGg] s'f klrflsfn] pb3f]if ulg
b'Mv ug{ cl3 ;y]{ xf]nf cfgf]] 7fpdf ;lhnf]l;t k};f sdfpg] df}sf kfP ;a} ofq'x l;6 ;Lwf kfL a]N6 afFw] ;fjwfg eO{ a;] d}n] ofnaf6
sf] csf{sf] 7fpdf b'Mv kfpg, csf{sf] nftaft ;xg cfpYof] dha'Ln] t aflx x]] cxf] stf] lemlnldnL 3fd nfu]ht} aQLsf] pHofnf]
xf] kfOnf 8f]lPsf x]s If]qdf ePsf] cfly{s dGbL, a]f]hufLn] o'jfxnfO{ dflyaf6 x]b}{ nfUof] slt Jojlyt tlsfn] ;x a;fn]sf 5g sqf
ljb]z knfog x'g dha' agfPsf] 5 xfd|f] b]zdf sqf uugr'DaL ejgx ;f]r] oL ;a} lgdf{0fsfo{df xfd|f bfh'efOsf]
df};d fd|f] eP xf]nf p8fg klg fd|} lyof] ofnaf6 lgk slt kl;gf ax]sf] 5 gu|f slt lvPsf] 5 slt b'Mv u]sf 5g,
cWoff]df cfvf 8'nfP sxLsxL u'hd'Rr aQL an]sf] b]lvGYof] kSs} sltsf] Hofg uPsf] 5 To;sf] s'g} n]vfhf]vf g} 5}g
Tof] s'g} ;x xf]nf eGg] cg'dfg nufP cfwL h"gsf] l9Ssf] xfdLnfO{ stf ljsl;t ePsf] w]} ;do ePsf] 5}g cf7b; jif{
kR5fpb} ;u;u} lxl8x]Yof] klrflsfn] ykLykL ;a}nfO{ vfgf cl3;Dd oxf vf; s]xL lyPg ] phf8 d?e"ld, ;'Svf w"nf] df6f]
v'jfO;lsg lgSs} a]df of egf} Kn]g p8]sf] 8]9b'O{ 3G6fdf nfdf] ePsf] 7fpsf] cfh sfofkn6 ePsf] 5 Pokf]6{sf] htftt} gofgof
aQLsf] dfnfhtf] b]lvof] h'g dfnfsf] aQL sxL 6'6]sf] lyPg nfOg} aGb} u]sf ;+rgf b]lvP sqfsqf cf}hfxaf6 fte sfd x'G5
Psgf;n] lgs}a] aQL an]sf] b]lvof] Tof] s] xf]nf < crDd nfUof] xf]nf a;af6 6ld{gn ejglt nfUof} a;af6 6ld{gn ejg;Dd emG8}
Po xf]6]hnfO{ ;f]w] pgn] elgg of] OlG8of kflstfgsf] af]8{ aL; ldg]6 hlt nfUof] xf]nf slt 7"nf] Pokf]6{, htftt} stf Posf
nfOg xf] hxf l;dfgfdf lah'nLsf] tfaf nufP aGb ulPsf] 5 Kn]g lyP xfdL 6flGh6 nfpGhtkm{ nfUof} Toxfaf6 km]l a;df fvL
Toltn] gk'uL tfafdf fte aQL aflnG5 cfgf]] k"} l;dfgfdf xfdLnfO{ lahg]; nfpGhlt nu] lahg]; nfpGhsf] jftfj0f b]v]
Toqf] 5]saf dnfO{ nfUof] otf] dha''t afaf6 t Pp6f d';f] klg l5g{ xfdL 5Ss kof} lahg]; nfpGhsf] nflu cnu Pp6f 7"nf] ejg
;Sb}g xf]nf sqf] aGbf]at cxf] slt vr{ d]xgt u]sf x]5g t 5'fPsf] x]5 ToxfF vfg]lkpg]b]lv lnP aRrfxsf] nflu v]Ng]
Toqf] l;dfgfdf fte aQL aNg] s;}n] cWoff]sf] kmfObf gp7fpmg 7fp, g;{L, cfOdfO{sf] nflu Ao'6L kfn{, ;fdfg lsGgsf] nflu sd'St
eg] xf]nf cfgf]] y}nLsf] d'v cfkm}Fn] aGb fVg ;s] cnfO{ bf]if k;n, OG6g]6 rnfpg sDKo'6sf] Jojyf, ;do lat]sf] kQ} gx'g]
lbg' g} k]g eGg] gLlt ckgfPsf x]5ghtf] nfUof] x'g klg xf], t dfOnf] dfGb} 5f]f d otfptf 3'Db} ;a} x]b{} lyof} g}f]aL hfg] ofq'
htf] cfgf]] gLlt 5 Tot} c ;a}sf] klg xf]nf eGg] 1fg tL ;a}df egL af]nfpg cfof] cffdbfoL nfpGhsf] w]}a] jfb lng} kfOPg
;do v] gkmfnL xfdL ;x 3'Dg lglSnof} xf]6nb]lv Plkmn 6fj w]} b; xhf 6g kmnfdn] ag]sf] 5 hldgaf6 kmnfdsf] cUnf] uf]nfsf
6f9f lyPg 3'Db}3'Db} k'luof] 6fjd'lg dflg;sf] 7"nf] eL8 6f9}af6 agfO{ u]6sf] cfsf lbOPsf] 5 of] u]6 6fj k"} kmnfd} kmnfdn] ag]sf]
b]lvof] xf] o;nfO{ lvofaf6 arfpg k|To]s ;ft jif{df k]G6 ulG5 ] h;sf]
Ps ;o aL; jif{cl3 cyf{t !**& df Plkmn eGg] OlGhlgosf] nflu krf;b]lv ;f7L 6g;Dd k]G6 rflxG5 ] u]6sf] b'j} ;fO8df
sNkgf, ;kgf, sfo{bIftfn] lgdf{0f ePsf] xf] of] 6fj vf;df pgn] l6s6 sfpG6 lyof] o; a]nf Ps ;fO8sf] sfpG6 dfq v'Nnf eP
of] 6fj afl;{nf]gfdf agfpg rfx]sf lyP !*** df x'g nfu]sf] ljZj xf]nf l6s6sf] nflu nfdf] nfOg lyof] xfdL klg nfOgdf nfUof} l6s6
d]nfsf] nflu Plkmnn] of] 6fj agfpg rfx]sf lyP t afl;{nf]gfsf lnP eL8;u;u} xfdL klg Pp6f ln6df kof} o; 6fjdf hDdf
;sfn] of] 6fj agfpg dxFuf] kg{] To;dfly cgf}7f] agf]6 ;xnfO{ kfrj6f ln6 b'O{ ]6'fF 5g ] 6fjsf] rf s'gfaf6 rfj6f ln6
g;'xfpg] egL agfpg jLs[lt lbPgg afl;{nf]gfsf ;sfn] jLs[lt klxnf] tNnf #!! lkm6df uO{ f]lsG5 rf} s'gfdf 7"nf7"nf l;9L klg
glbPkl5 k]l;sf] nflu cfgf]] k|tfj k|m]Gr ;sf;fd' k]; u] k|m]Gr hl8Psf 5g slt ko{6s t ToxL l;9Laf6 tndfly ub{} lyP w]}
;sfaf6 pgn] s]jn aL; jif{sf] nflu jLs[lt kfP aL; jif{kl5 dflg; c6g] ln6af6 klxnf] tnfdf k'Uof} ln6af6 lglSnP b[Zo
pgn] To; 6fjnfO{ Toxfaf6 x6fpg'kg{] sa'ngfdf;lxt cjnf]sg ug{ rf}lt agfOPsf] afNsf]gLlt nfUof} hxf dflg;sf]
tLg ;o sfdbfn] b'O{ jif{;Dd nuftf sfd uL of] 6fj olt eL8 lyof] ls Toxf h8fg ulPsf] b"lagaf6 ;xsf] b[Zo x]g{
lgdf{0f u] !*** df k]l;df nfUg nfu]sf] cGtf{li6o d]nfsf] nfOg nfUg'kg{] 5]pdf uO{ kmf]6f] lng klg s'g'{kof] To; afNsf]gLaf6
k|j]z fsf nflu of] yfngL ePsf] lyof] t d]nfsf] nflu tof ug{ x]bf{ k]l; ;x crDd} fd|f] b]lvbf] x]5 To;} ;+;fsf] clt ;'Gb
EofPgg !**& df agfpg yflnPsf] of] 6fj !**( df dfq lgdf{0f ;xdf ulgPsf] xf]Og x]5htf] nfUof] ;xsf] ;'Gbtf glalu|of];
;DkGg eof] Plkmnsf] sNkgf lgdf{0fsfo{sf] To; a]nfsf dflg;n] egL w]} cUnfcUnf 3 agfpg alh{t ulPsf] 5 ] clwstd ;ft
lgs} xf;f] uL af}n67Lsf] ;+1f;Dd lbP k]kjfnfn] pgsf] v"a lvNnL cf7 tnf;Ddsf 3 b]lvP slt of]hgfa4 tlsfn] a;flnPsf] ;x
u] t klg pgsf] xf};nf sfo{z}nLdf lzlyntf cfPg p2]Zo k"f 7fp7fpdf 7"nf7"nf k'fgf baf, rr{, 3G6f3 aLrdf axb} u]sf]
ul5f]8] 7"nf] gbL To;df ag]sf cfsif{s k'n, gbLdf ;fgf7"nf gf}sflaxf,
vf;df cfh of] 6fj b";~rf ]l8of]sf] nflu clt cfjZos ;kgfsf] xf] ls k'tnLsf] b'lgofhtf] dgdf]xs b[Zo lyP rf}lt
ag]sf] 5 ;x aLraf6 axb} u]sf] ;]Og gbLn] ;xsf] ;'GbtfnfO{ w]} klxn] Ps ldqn] eg]y] wdf{Tdf hlt csf]{ h'gLdf ot} clt
cem a9fPsf] 5 s~rg kfgL axb} u]sf] 7"nf] gbLsf] 7fpF7fpFdf ;'ljwf ;DkGg klZrdf b]zdf hGdG5g afsL sd{ u kmnsf] cfzf
k'fgf snfTds k'nn] zf]ef a9fOx]Yof] leGg ;dosf] leGgleGg gfv eGg] hlt ot} cljsl;t b]zdf hGdG5g ] dnfO{ oxf cfP tL
jfb lng laxfgb]lv flt;Dd ko{6sx l6ddf a;L ;xsf] klqmdf ldqsf jf0fL afDaf ofb cfOx] nfU5 oxfsf hgtfnfO{ s'g} s'fsf]
ub{} hnljxf ulx]sf b]lvGy] ToxL gbLsf] glhs ag]sf] 5 of] b'Mv 5}g ;a} ;'ljwfn] ;DkGg 5g vfgnfpgsf] t s] s'f eof]
k]l;sf] uf}j Plkmn 6fj cfxf cfxf eGb} xfdL Toxfsf b[Zo Sofdf cfvfsf gfgLleq s}b
;aeGbf dflyNnf] efudf x]sf] &( lkm6 cUnf] PlG6gf;lxt ub{} uof} klxnf] tnfsf] aLrsf] efudf x]sf] ]6'fFdf lgs} rxnkxn
o;sf] prfO !)^# lkm6 5 of egf} sla Psf;L tn] 3afasf] lyof] dflg;sf] eL8nfO{ l5rf]Nb} b[Zo cjnf]sgsf] cfgGb lnb} cufl8
5 of] 6fj To; a]nfsf] ;+;fs} ;aeGbf cUnf] 6fj xf] of] of] 6fj a9of} oxfaf6 bf];|f] tnfdf k'Ug aLrdf Pp6f 7"nf] ln6 hl8Psf]
To;sf] 7Ls cufl8 lgs} cUnf] kxf8 lyof] ;+;fs} clt nfdf] cfNk; nfUof] ofq'xn] a]xf]g{'kg{] x}fgLaf] kSs} klg Toxfsf k'ln;nfO{ yfxf
kxf8 eg]sf] ToxL xf]nfhtf] nfUof] 3G6f};Dd kxf8}kxf8 ]n bf}l8Xof] xf]nf f]syfdsf] nflu lsg s]xL pkfo ub{}gg s] pgLxn] klg
latflatf ]n tntn emb{} lyof] cUnfcUnf kxf8x 6f9f xf vfO;s] t csf{sf] 7fp pgLxn] h]htf] eG5g ug{} kof]
x'b} lyP klxn]sf] ht} ;dtn hldgx b]lvg yfn] otfsf] v]tL km]l xfdLnfO{ 6];gb]lv xf]6n slt 6f9f 5 eGg] yfxf klg t 5}g
klg lgs} fd|f] b]lvGYof] ca xfdL d]nfgf] ;xdf k'Uof} hxf xfdLn] pgLxsf] s'fdf ljZjf; ug{'afx]s pkfo g} s] lyof] xf]6ntkm{ hfbf
]n abNg' lyof] of] 6];g klg lgs} 7"nf] lyof] d]nfgf] w]} k'fgf] 6];g glhssf] kfs{5]p ;8sdf a;L Pp6L s]6L ?b} kmf]g ulx]sL
cf}Bf]lus ;x x]5 rf}lt xf]rfxf]rf kxf8 emG8} sf7df8f}htf] lyO{ kSs} Tof] ko{6s x'g'k5{ ;fydf s'g} ;fdfg lyPg ljb]zLx
nfUof] 6];gdf flvPsf] lqmgdf f]d hfg s'g gDasf] Kn]6kmfd{af6 PSn}PSn} 3'Dg lx85g x'g ;S5 Tof] PSn} lyO{ xf]nf s;}n] ;fdfg
]n r9g'k5{ x]L Tot} nfUof} rf]llbP ls To;}n] ToxfF a;L f]PsL xf] lshtf] nfUof] PSn} ca
lglZrt ;dodf d]nfgf]af6 f]dsf] nflu ]n dfgf eof] b'O{ To;n] s] u5]{ xf]nf dfof klg nfUof]
b]zsf] ;DaGw clt ;'dw' x]5 xf]nf s'g a]nf k|mfG;af6 O6nL k|j]z xf]6n k'Ubf emdSs ft kl;s]sf] lyof] ;xsf] leqLleqL
uof} yfxf g} ePg s;}n] r]shfr ug{ klg cfPsf] xf]Og Pp6} ;8s ;f3'f] eP klg slt ;kmf xfdL a;]sf] xf]6n kfln{ofd]G6 xfp;sf]
b]zdf ofqf ulx]sf 5f} lshtf] nfUg] ofq'xn] s'g} x}fgL a]xf]g{' 7Ls cufl8 lyof] of] xf]6n k'fgf] bafhtf] eP klg fd|f] lyof]
gkg{] ;lhnf] x]5 sf]7fdf cfP tfhf eP 3'Dg lglSnof} xfdL a;]sf] xf]6n glhs
b'j} b]zsf] hldgsf] agf]6 pt}pt} eP klg dgdg} t'ngf Pp6f ;aeGbf k'fgf] rr{ lyof] cufl8kl nfdf]nfdf] nf ePsf]
u] cfsfz hldgsf] kms nfUof] otf cln ulaLn] 3]]htf] 5 df}lns f]dg cfls{6]Sr ePsf] rr{ lyof] rr{cufl8 7"nf] v'Nnf
b'O{ xhf jif{cl3 ljsf;sf] r'r'fdf k'u]sf] ;+;fnfO{ ;Eotfsf] efu lyof] To; v'Nnf 7fpjlkl ljleGg ]6'fF lyP otf w]}h;f]
kf7 k9fPsf] b]z xf] of] afa'afh]n] k|zt wg;DklQ sdfP flvlbP ]6'fF aflx a;] vfg] rng x]5 To;}n] aflx a;] vfg]sf] klg
5f]fgfltn] ;'tL;''tL vfP cN5L ag]htf] ePsf] xf] ls oxfFsf Tolts} eL8 lyof] ToxL v'nf 7fpdf Ps yL afhf ahfpg] u|'k lyof]
hgtfnfO{ afa'afh]n] agfOlbPsf ;+rgf b]vfpb} vfg] cN5L afgL ljleGg afhfsf] dL7f] w'g ahfpb} cfkm}Fdf dUg lyP OR5f nfUg]n] k};f
a;]sf] xf] ls d]f] afh]n] l3p vfPy] xft ;' ;' eg]ht} h]xf]; xfn'g eg] xf]nf cufl8 ef8f flvlbPsf lyP ;uLtsf] cfgGb lnb}
clxn]sf] jftfj0f x]bf{ Tot} nfUof] jfb] lha|f] cN5L lt3|f] eg]em} aflx a;L vfgf vfg]sf] klg Tolts} eL8 b]lvof] xfdLn] klg lgs}a]
o; 7fpdf cfh 7uL Joj;fo clt km6fPsf] 5 ] o; 7fpdf ljz]if dfOnf] jftfj0fsf] cfgGb lnb} ToxL vfgf vfof} ;xleq ;fgf] af6f]
;ts{tf ckgfpg'k5{ eGg] s'f w]}sf] d'vaf6 ;'lgPsf] lyof] xfdLn] eP xf]nf uf8L klg ;fgf;fgf rnfpbf x]5g, k;nxdf ;fdfg
klg ;s];Dd cfgf]] y}nLsf] d'v aGb ug{] k|of; u]sf 5f} x]f} slt;Dd cf];fk;f ug{'kof] eg] klg kmf]xf] p7fpg] uf8L klg Tot} ;fgf
;kmn eOG5 ;fgf lyP lbgdf tLgrfrf]l6 kmf]xf] p7fpg cfpbf] x]5 clg kf]
f]dsf] 6];gdf plqbf ;fem kg{ vf]Hb} lyof] n8fOsf] d}bfgdf ;xdf Toqf] dflg;sf] rfk x'bf klg sxL Ps 6'qmf kmf]xf] b]lvFb}g
plqPem} xfdL Psbd ;ts{ eof} ;fdfg lnO{ 6];gaflx 6ofS;L s'L ;w} ;kmf b]lvG5 Knfl6ssf] y}nfdf kf]sfkf]sf kf] fv]sf] x'G5
aof} rt' cg'xf k]sf 6ofS;Ljfnf dgkL ef8f eGb} lyP xf]6nsf] p7fpg]nfO{ klg ;lhnf] xfdLsxfFhtf] e'ofxf s's' eP Tof] y}nfsf]
gfd b]vfP ;f]Wbf dfG5]lkR5] ef8f kms eg] dnfO{ Pp6f s'f crDd kmf]xf] klg 5k6 kfllbGYof] xf]nf oxfF 5f8f hgfj eg]sf] sxL
lbNnL k'uL ToxfF Ps ft aof} Plogf ckmufgL PonfOg sfa'nsf] sd{rfL lyP
nflu lbNnLaf6 xKtfdf b'O{ lbg dfq rNbf] x]5 zlgaf ;f]daf lbNnL ofq'x Tot} #%$) hgf hlt lyP l;6 g+= Snf; lyPg
plqgf;fy xfdL ;Lw} czf]sf xf]6n uof} hxf Plogf PonfOgsf] h;nfO{ hxf dg nfU5 a;] x'g] xfdL cln k5fl8 uO{ aof}{ kfOn6
clkm; 5 x]skN6 ldl8ofn], ckmuflgtfg egL b]vfpbf ?U0f, c sd{rfLxn] cGtf{li6o PonfOgsf] ht} n'uf nufPsf
kfiff0f o'uLg, sf?l0fs cjyfsf htf] hgtf 7fp b]vfPsfn] klg Poxf]6];xn] emG8}emG8} uNkm Posf] ht} n'uf nufPsf lyP
xf]nf d]f] dfg;k6ndf cs}{ lsl;dsf] 5fk k]sf] h;n] ubf{ dnfO{ kfOG6 Tot} lsl;dsf] 6Dd k]sf] 6k 6f]kLdf sfkm fv]sf] t d'v
pgLxsf] k|To]s s'fdf pT;'stf nfuL pgLxsf x]s s'f a'g hDd} v'Nnf lyof] uf]f ;nSs k]sf fd|L lyP lgofn] x]bf{ pbf;
x]g{ dg nfu]sf] czf]sf xf]6]ndf x]sf] pgLxsf] clkm; ;fwf0f 7Ls} stfstf lrQ ga'em]htf] nfUg] pgLxnfO{ Tolt d'v v'Nnf kfL
vfnsf] lyof] sfa'n hfg] vf;} dflg; x'bf x]g5g To;}n] l6s6 lx8g klg slt ;3if{ ug'{kof] xf]nf pgLxnfO{ ;dfhdf slt x]o
kfpg sl7g ePg Toxfsf 6fkm hDd} ckmufgLhtf lyP b[li6n] x]lG5 xf]nf cfOdfO{nfO{ rd dfqfdf bafa zf]if0f uL
ckmufgL eg]kl5 ofDNofu k]sf] n'uf, bfx||L kfn]sf], 7"nf] s'g} u0fgfsf] kdf g} gNofPsf] 7fpdf oltsf] jtGqtf klg lgs}
km]6f u'y]sf], cnUu} lrlgg] vfnsf x'G5g t logLxn] kfOG6sldh g} xf] egL 7fGg'k5{ Poxf]6];xnfO{ ljz]iftM ofq'xsf] ;]jfdf
nufPsf, bfx||Lh'uf vf}] ;kmf fd|f b]lvPsf ljz]iftM ckmufgLx Tolt nufObf] x]g5 k'?ifxn] g} ;]jf k'ofpb} cfPsf lyP l56k'6
fd|f x'G5g Toxf Ps hgf dlxnf sd{rfL klg lyOg h;n] 6Dd dfq pgLxnfO{ nufOGYof] pgLx dfgf} Ps lsl;dn] zf]ef a9fpg
hLpdf ldn]sf] kfOG6 ;6{ nufPsL, 6fpsf] 5f]k]sL klg lyOgg cln flvPht} ofq'x Kn]gdf a;]sf] emG8} Ps 3G6f hlt eO;Sof]
cln kljt{g cfpb} x]5 p8fg lsg l9nf eof] egL otfptf x]] ofq'sf ;fdfg aNn cfOk'Ub}
cu6 !$ laxfg 5 ah]sf] lkf]l6{ ;do lyof] xfdL lglZrt lyP ;a} ;fdfg, ;fdfg fVg] Soflagdf gfvL k5fl8 l;6df fVg
;dodf lbNnL Pokf]6{ k'Uf]Yof} Toxf sfa'n hfg] kmfkm' dflg;x yfn] xfdL cln k5fl8 lyof} xfdLnfO{ cufl8 uP ag eg] Toxf
b]vf k] w]}h;f] eftL ckmufgLx lyP cfOdfO{ b'O{ ljb]zL, b'O{ klg ;fdfg fv]
ckmufgL d hDdfhDdL kfr hgf lyof} n'ufsf] xsdf dnfO{ klxnf g} To;kl5 hxfh p8of] hxfhdf vfg] s'f fd|} lyof] lbNnLaf6
lgb]{zg lbPsf] lyof] 3f6L;Dd 5f]lkg] nfdf] afx'nf ePsf] v's'nf] nfdf] sfa'n p8fg ;do hDdf Ps 3G6f tL; ldg]6sf] lyof] dnfO{ Pp6f
n'uf nufpg 6fpsf] 5f]Kg] ljb]zLsf] nflu a'sf{ clgjfo{ x]g5 cs}{ ;+;fdf k'Ug nfu]ht} pT;'stf dg clt f]dfl~rt eOx]Yof]
Kn]g cl3Nnf] ftdf g} cfP lbNnLdf a;]sf] x]5 a;df fv] df};d klg fd|f] s'g}s'g} a]nf hxfh afbnleq k;L xfPhtf] eP
xfdLnfO{ Toxf;Dd k'ofof] ckmufgLxn] af]Sg ;Sg] hlt ;fdfgx klg ;du|df p8fg dfOnf] lyof] hxfh cjt0f ug{ Tot} cfwf
xftdf p7fPsf lyP dnfO{, w]} klxnf a}ssaf6 cfpbf g]kfnsf] 3G6fcl3b]lv xf]nf htf x]of] ;'Svf rfg}rfg ePsf] kxf8L e"ld
lem6Lu'G6f sfo{qmdsf] a]nf ofq'xn] 6]an kvf klg xftdf p7fP b]lvg yfNof] xlof]klof] eg]sf] st} 5}g o;f] x]bf{ dflg; a;f]af;
NofPsf] b[Zo ofb cfof] hxfh af]O &@& lyof] dnfO{ Pp6f s'fsf] ug{ g} gldNg]htf] b]lvg] ljzfn rfgL d?e"ld Totf] 7fpdf klg
cToGt pT;'stf nflux]Yof] Tof] s] eg], Kn]gdf Poxf]6];x xf]nfg dflg;x kfk"j{ sfnb]lv ab} cfPsf x'g otf] lgh{ghtf] b]lvg]
ls gxf]nfg eP stf] vfnsf] n'uf nufPsf xf]nfg, d'v hDd} 9fs]sf 7fpnfO{ emg nfdf] ;do;Ddsf] o'4n] k"} d?e"lddf kl0ft ullbPsf]
5g ls OToflb To; hxfhdf b'O{ Poxf]6]; b]lvP afsL k'?if 5 hxfh latf} tntn emb}{ lyof] ;fgf;fgf y'Dsfhtf gfuf
e"agf]6 otfsf] e"agf]6 pt} nfUof] 7"nf7"nf kmf6 h;df clt lyof] Toxf ;a} sfd x]g{] Pp6f km'lt{nL fd|L s]6L lyO{ l;]K;g, efG5f
fd|f]l;t v]tL ulPsf], clg 8f8f lxdfn km]l 7"nf7"nf kmf6 oxfsf] ;a}lt PSn}n] Eofpb} lyO{ oxf ;a} sfd cfkmF}n] ug{] afgL x'G5
lxdfnsf] prfO b; xhf lkm6;Ddsf] 5 ] x]s kmf6af6 lxdfn d] !$ sf] laxfg, cl3Nnf] lbg g} clkm;sf] 6fkmn] kSsf
b]lvG5 xf]nf hDdf krkGg ldg]6sf] p8fg lyof] Kn]gn] la;s]ssf] ullbPsf] 6ofS;L ;dod} cfof] laxfgsf] dfOnf] jftfj0fdf lxhf]sf]
dfgf; cGtf{li6o Pokf]6{df cjt0f uof] of] Pokf]6{ klg fd|f] ToxL af6f]af6 Pokf]6{ hfFb} lyof} 8fOen] xfdL hfg] PonfOgsf]
x]5 ;fdfg lnO{ aflx cfpbf 6ofS;Lsf] nflu tfgftfg ug{]sf] eL8 9f]sf of] xf] egL b]vfOlbof] h;leq sfpG6 lyof] Tof] cem} v'n]sf]
lyof] clkm;af6 xfdLnfO{ lng cfpg] dflg;nfO{ >Ldfgn] klxn] g} xfd|f] lyPg xfdL ToxL s'L aof} cf]; hfg] ofq' klg lgs} lyP ;kmf lbg,
kmf]6f] k7fpg'ePsfn] p;n] xfdLnfO{ lrGg ufx|f] k]g Toxfaf6 xfdL laxfgsf] slnnf] 3fd, o; a]nfsf] xjfO{ ofqfsf] dfOnf] g} a]Un} x'G5
la;s]stkm{ nfUof} lbg 9Ng nflu;s]sf] lyof] oxfsf] klg af6f] b]v] cf]; ;x la;s]saf6 blIf0ftkm{ kbf{] x]5 lslutfgsf] k"j{df rfOgf,
nf]e nfUof] rf}8f, ;Lwf slt fd|f] af6f] b'j}ltsf 7"nf7"nf kmf6df blIf0fdf tfhlstfg, klZrddf pHj]lstfg, pQdf sfhstfg
uhan] v]tL u]sf] b]lvof] htftt} xlofnL, 6f9f ;Lwf cufl8 lxdfn, kb{5 km]l pxL 7"nf7"nf dfOnf kmf6 aLraLrdf lxdfnkxf8 x'b}
dfOnf] dfgL rf}lt x]b{} lyPF ;fgf;fgf ufpaf6 xfdL uOx]Yof} cf]; cfOk'Uof] la;s]sb]lv cf];;Ddsf] p8fg hDdf Ps 3G6fsf]
ufp eg] klg 3x fd|f lyP lbge r] c3fPsf ufO{at' cfgf]] lyof] cf]; ;x tLg xhf jif{ k'fgf] xf] ev dfq o;n] tLg xhf
af;yfgtkm{ hfb} lyP uf]7fnfx 3f]8fdf r9L kl5kl5 cfOx] y] jif{sf] jif{uf7 dgfof] ] otfsf] e"agf]6 klg la;s]ssf] ht} 5
xfdL uOx]sf] of] af6f] fhdfu{ xf] ] fhdfu{ eP klg xfdLsxfht} of] Pokf]6{ cGtf{li6o xf] ] sf7df8f}sf] ht} 8f]d]l6s PonfO{
oxf klg hgfjx ;8slt cfpb} cffdn] lxl8x]y] To; clkm;sf] cln k f]s]ht} oxf klg Kn]g cln k f]s] ofq' lng a; tof
6fkmn] eGb} lyP of] fhdfu{ ;Lwf rfOgf;Dd hfG5 of] klg l;Ns lyof] Kn]gaf6 plqP rf}lt x]bf{ 7ofSs} sf7df8f}ht} nfUof]
f]8 xf] a;af6 nuL Pp6f vfnL 7fpdf ofq' 5fl8lbP Ps}l5gdf ;fdfg klg
l;Ns f]8 eGgfn] hdfgfdf rfOgfb]lv o'f]k;Dd Jofkf ug{ cfOk'Uof] xfdLnfO{ lng Toxf k|f]h]S6sf l6dln8 cfkm}F cfpg'ePsf]
lx8g] JofkfLsf] Jofkfls ;8s xf] rfOgfaf6 ;'? eO{ of] e]u x'b} x]5 lrgfkrL{ xfOxnf] uL Toxfaf6 af6f] nfUof}
t's{ldlgtfgaf6 o'f]ksf] ljleGg b]zdf k'UYof] ] Tolt k'fgf] Oltxf; ;xsfn g} nfu]htf] oxf v]tL clt fd|f] x'bf] x]5 oxf klg
af]s]sf] 7fp x]]5 of] df]6uf8L s]xLsf] klg cfljisf gePsf] a]nf af6f] pt} fd|f], pt} xlof dfOnf kmf6 af6f]sf b'j}lt v, leq
3f]8faf6 g} t Jofkf rNYof] xf]nf To; a]nfsf] Jofkf wfg]sf] 3f]8f leqsf af6f] klg slt rf}8f ;kmf olt 7"nf] 7fpF 5 ls hldgsf] nflu
otf cTolws kflnbf] x]5 sGh';L ug{'knf{htf] nfu]g Pokf]6{b]lv ahf cln 6f9f g} x]5
ef]lnkN6 laxfg ;a]} xfdLnfO{ >Ldfgsf] sd{ynf] cf]; ;x xfdL agsf] nflu oxf klg u]6 xfp;d} ldnfPsf x]5g ;gfOh
hfg' lyof] To;}n] ;xsf] leqL efu;Dd guP aflx g} Pp6f u]6 eGg] u]6 xfp; ;fgf] lrl6Ss k]sf] 3]n' jftfj0fsf] x]5 Ps
xfp;df ag] aGbf]at clkm;n] u]sf] x]5 ;8saf6 cln leq Pp6f kljf PSn}n] rnfPsf x]5g ;a} ;'ljwfo'St 5 of] u]6 xfp;
7"nf] u]6cufl8 uf8L f]lsof] sna]n ahfPkl5 9f]sfdf agfOPsf] Pp6f clxn]sf] df};d 7Ls sf7df8f}sf] ht} 5 hf8f] a]nf tLg dlxgf lxpn]
;fgf] ofnhtf]af6 x]] dfq 9f]sf v'Nof] x'g ;S5 oxf klg s]xL 9fS5 ] kfgLaQLsf] nflu lrGtf ug{'knf{htf] nfu]g oxf aQL
u8a8 5 xf]nf f]on u]6 xfp; ;fgf] r6Ss k]sf] 3]n' jftfj0fsf] Psbd ;tf] 5 ] o; 7fpdf htftt} lxdfn eP xf] ls kfgLsf] sdL
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