LectureNotesinComputerScience:

AuthorsInstructionsforthePreparation
ofCameraReadyContributions
toLNCS/LNAI/LNBIProceedings

AlfredHofmann1, ,BrigitteApfel1,UrsulaBarth1,ChristineGnther1,
1

IngridHaas1,FrankHolzwarth1,AnnaKramer1,LeonieKunz1,
NicoleSator1,ErikaSiebertCole1andPeterStraer1,
1
SpringerVerlag,ComputerScienceEditorial,Tiergartenstr.17,
69121Heidelberg,Germany
{Alfred.Hofmann,Brigitte.Apfel,Ursula.Barth,Christine.Guenther,
Ingrid.Haas,Frank.Holzwarth,Anna.Kramer,Leonie.Kunz,
Nicole.Sator,Erika.SiebertCole,Peter.Strasser,LNCS}@Springer.com

Abstract.Theabstractshouldsummarizethecontentsofthepaperandshould
containatleast70andatmost150words.Itshouldbesetin9pointfontsize
andshouldbeinset1.0cmfromtherightandleftmargins.Thereshouldbetwo
blank(10point)linesbeforeandaftertheabstract.Thisdocumentisinthe
requiredformat.
Keywords: We would like to encourage you to list your keywords in this
section.

1Introduction

ThisinstructionfileforWordusersmaybeusedasatemplate.Kindlysendthefinal
andcheckedWordandPDFfilesofyourpapertotheContactVolumeEditor.Thisis
usuallyoneoftheorganizersoftheconference.YoushouldmakesurethattheWord
andthePDFfilesareidenticalandcorrectandthatonlyoneversionofyourpaperis
sent.Itisnotpossibletoupdatefilesatalaterstage.Pleasenotethatwedonotneed
theprintedpaper.
Wewouldliketodrawyourattentiontothefactthatitisnotpossibletomodifya
paperinanyway,onceithasbeenpublished.Thisappliestoboththeprintedbook
andtheonlineversionofthepublication.Everydetail,includingtheorderofthe
names of theauthors, should be checked before the paper issent tothe Volume
Editors.
1 PleasenotethattheLNCSEditorialassumesthatallauthorshaveusedthewestern
namingconvention,withgivennamesprecedingsurnames.Thisdeterminesthe
structureofthenamesintherunningheadsandtheauthorindex.
1.1CheckingthePDFFile

KindlyassurethattheContactVolumeEditorisgiventhenameandemailaddressof
thecontactauthorforyourpaper.TheContactVolumeEditorusesthesedetailsto
compilealistforourproductiondepartmentatSPSinIndia.Oncethefileshavebeen
workedupon,SPSsendsacopyofthefinalpdfofeachpapertoitscontactauthor.
Thecontactauthorisaskedtocheckthroughthefinalpdftomakesurethatnoerrors
havecreptinduringthetransferorpreparationofthefiles.Thisshouldnotbeseenas
anopportunitytoupdateorcopyeditthepapers,whichisnotpossibleduetotime
constraints. Only errors introduced during the preparation of the files will be
corrected.
Thisroundofcheckingtakesplaceabouttwoweeksafterthefileshavebeensent
totheEditorialbytheContactVolumeEditor,i.e.,roughlysevenweeksbeforethe
startoftheconferenceforconferenceproceedings,orsevenweeksbeforethevolume
leavestheprinters, forpostproceedings. IfSPSdoesnotreceive areplyfrom a
particularcontactauthor,withinthetimeframegiven,thenitispresumedthatthe
authorhasfoundnoerrorsinthepaper.ThetightpublicationscheduleofLNCSdoes
notallowSPStosendremindersorsearch foralternative email addresses onthe
Internet.
Insomecases,itistheContactVolumeEditorthatchecksallthepdfs.Insuch
cases,theauthorsarenotinvolvedinthecheckingphase.

1.2AdditionalInformationRequiredbytheVolumeEditor

Ifyouhavemorethanonesurname,pleasemakesurethattheVolumeEditorknows
howyouaretobelistedintheauthorindex.

1.3CopyrightForms

ThecopyrightformmaybedownloadedfromtheForAuthorssectionoftheLNCS
Webpage: www.springer.com/lncs. Please send your signed copyright form tothe
ContactVolumeEditor,eitherasascannedpdforbyfaxorbycourier.Oneauthor
maysignonbehalfofalloftheotherauthorsofaparticularpaper.Digitalsignatures
areacceptable.

2PaperPreparation

Theprintingareais122mm193mm.Thetextshouldbejustifiedtooccupythefull
line width, so that the right margin is not ragged, with words hyphenated as
appropriate.Pleasefillpagessothatthelengthofthetextisnolessthan180mm,if
possible.
 Use 10point type for the name(s) of the author(s) and 9point type for the
address(es)andtheabstract.Forthemaintext,pleaseuse10pointtypeandsingle
linespacing.WerecommendtheuseofComputerModernRomanorTimes.Italic
typemaybeusedtoemphasizewordsinrunningtext.Boldtypeandunderlining
shouldbeavoided.
PapersnotcomplyingwiththeLNCSstylewillbereformatted.Thiscanleadtoan
increaseintheoverallnumberofpages.Wewouldthereforeurgeyounottosquash
yourpaper.

Headings. Headingsshouldbecapitalized (i.e.,nouns,verbs,andallotherwords

exceptarticles,prepositions,andconjunctionsshouldbesetwithaninitialcapital)
andshould,withtheexceptionofthetitle,bealignedtotheleft.Wordsjoinedbya
hyphenaresubjecttoaspecialrule.Ifthefirstwordcanstandalone,thesecondword
shouldbecapitalized.ThefontsizesaregiveninTable1.
Herearesomeexamplesofheadings:"CriteriatoDisproveContextFreenessof
Collage Languages", "On Correcting the Intrusion of Tracing Nondeterministic
ProgramsbySoftware","AUserFriendlyandExtendableDataDistributionSystem",
"MultiflipNetworks:ParallelizingGenSAT","SelfdeterminationsofMan".

Table1.Fontsizesofheadings.Tablecaptionsshouldalwaysbepositionedabovethetables.

Headinglevel Example Fontsizeandstyle

Title(centered) LectureNotes 14point,bold
1stlevelheading 1Introduction 12point,bold
2 levelheading
nd
2.1PrintingArea 10point,bold
3rdlevelheading Headings.Textfollows 10point,bold
4thlevelheading Remark.Textfollows 10point,italic

Lemmas, Propositions, and Theorems. The numbers accorded to lemmas,

propositions, and theorems, etc. should appear in consecutive order, starting with
Lemma1,andnot,forexample,withLemma11.

2.1Figures

Pleasecheckthatthelinesinlinedrawingsarenotinterruptedandhaveaconstant
width.Gridsanddetailswithinthefiguresmustbeclearlylegibleandmaynotbe
writtenoneontopoftheother.Linedrawingsshouldhavearesolutionofatleast800
dpi(preferably1200dpi).Theletteringinfiguresshouldhaveaheightof2mm(10
pointtype). Figuresshouldbenumberedandshouldhaveacaptionwhichshould
alwaysbepositionedunderthefigures,incontrasttothecaptionbelongingtoatable,
whichshouldalwaysappearabovethetable.Pleasecenterthecaptionsbetweenthe
margins and set them in 9point type (Fig.1 shows an example). The distance
between text and figure should be about 8 mm, the distance between figure and
captionabout6mm.
Toensurethatthereproductionofyourillustrationsisofareasonablequality,we
adviseagainsttheuseofshading.Thecontrastshouldbeaspronouncedaspossible.
Ifscreenshotsarenecessary,pleasemakesurethatyouarehappywiththeprint
qualitybeforeyousendthefiles.

Remark 1. In the printed volumes, illustrations are generally black and white
(halftones),andonlyinexceptionalcases,andiftheauthorispreparedtocoverthe
extracostsinvolved,arecoloredpicturesaccepted.Coloredpicturesarewelcomein
theelectronicversionfreeofcharge.Ifyousendcoloredfiguresthataretobeprinted
inblackandwhite,pleasemakesurethattheyreallyarelegibleinblackandwhite.
Somecolorsshowupverypoorlywhenprintedinblackandwhite.
Fig.1.Onekernelatxs(dottedkernel)ortwokernelsatxiandxj(leftandright)leadtothe
same summed estimate at xs. This shows a figure consisting of different types of lines.
Elementsofthefiguredescribedinthecaptionshouldbesetinitalics,inparentheses,asshown
inthissamplecaption.

2.2Formulas

Displayedequationsorformulasarecenteredandsetonaseparateline(withanextra
lineorhalflinespaceaboveandbelow).Displayedexpressionsshouldbenumbered
forreference.Thenumbersshouldbeconsecutivewithineachsectionorwithinthe
contribution,withnumbersenclosedinparenthesesandsetontherightmargin.

x+y=z. (0)

Equationsshouldbepunctuatedinthesamewayasordinarytextbutwithasmall
spacebeforetheendpunctuationmark.

2.3Footnotes

Thesuperscriptnumeralusedtorefertoafootnoteappearsinthetexteitherdirectly
afterthewordtobediscussedorinrelationtoaphraseorasentencefollowingthe
punctuation mark (comma, semicolon, or period). Footnotes should appear at the
bottomofthenormaltextarea,withalineofabout5cmsetimmediatelyabovethem . 2

2.4ProgramCode

Programlistingsorprogramcommandsinthetextarenormallysetintypewriterfont,
e.g.,CMTT10orCourier.

ExampleofaComputerProgramfromJensenK.,WirthN.(1991)Pascalusermanualand
report.Springer,NewYork
programInflation(Output)
{Assumingannualinflationratesof7%,8%,and
10%,...years};
constMaxYears=10;
varYear:0..MaxYears;
Factor1,Factor2,Factor3:Real;
begin
Year:=0;
Factor1:=1.0;Factor2:=1.0;Factor3:=1.0;
2 Thefootnotenumeralissetflushleftandthetextfollowswiththeusualwordspacing.
 WriteLn('Year7%8%10%');WriteLn;
repeat
Year:=Year+1;
Factor1:=Factor1*1.07;
Factor2:=Factor2*1.08;
Factor3:=Factor3*1.10;
WriteLn(Year:5,Factor1:7:3,Factor2:7:3,
Factor3:7:3)
untilYear=MaxYears
end.

2.5Citations

Forcitationsinthetextpleaseusesquarebracketsandconsecutivenumbers:[1],[2],
[3],etc.

2.6PageNumberingandRunningHeads

Thereisnoneedtoincludepagenumbers.Ifyourpapertitleistoolongtoserveasa
runninghead,itwillbeshortened.Yoursuggestionastohowtoshortenitwouldbe
mostwelcome.

Acknowledgments.Theheadingshouldbetreatedasa3 rdlevelheadingandshould
notbeassignedanumber.

5TheReferencesSection

InordertopermitcrossreferencingwithinLNCSOnline,andeventuallybetween
different publishers and their online databases, LNCS will, from now on, be
standardizingtheformatofthereferences.Thisnewfeaturewillincreasethevisibility
of publications and facilitate academic research considerably. Please base your
referencesontheexamplesbelow.Referencesthatdontadheretothisstylewillbe
reformatted by Springer. You should therefore check your references thoroughly
whenyoureceivethefinalpdfofyourpaper.Thereferencesectionmustbecomplete.
Youmaynotomitreferences.Instructionsastowheretofindafullerversionofthe
referencesarenotpermissible.
Weonlyacceptreferenceswrittenusingthelatinalphabet.Ifthetitleofthebook
youarereferringtoisinRussianorChinese,thenpleasewrite(inRussian)or(in
Chinese)attheendofthetranscriptortranslationofthetitle.
Thefollowingsectionshowsasamplereferencelistwithentriesforjournalarticles
[1],anLNCSchapter[2],abook[3],proceedingswithouteditors[4]and[5],aswell
asaURL[6].PleasenotethatproceedingspublishedinLNCSarenotcitedwiththeir
fulltitles,butwiththeiracronyms!

References

1. Smith,T.F.,Waterman,M.S.:IdentificationofCommonMolecularSubsequences.J.Mol.
Biol.147,195197(1981)
2. May, P., Ehrlich, H.C., Steinke, T.: ZIB Structure Prediction Pipeline: Composing a
Complex Biological Workflow through Web Services. In: Nagel, W.E., Walter, W.V.,
Lehner,W.(eds.)EuroPar2006.LNCS,vol.4128,pp.11481158.Springer,Heidelberg
(2006)
3. Foster,I.,Kesselman,C.:TheGrid:BlueprintforaNewComputingInfrastructure.Morgan
Kaufmann,SanFrancisco(1999)
4. Czajkowski, K., Fitzgerald, S., Foster, I., Kesselman, C.: Grid Information Services for
DistributedResourceSharing.In:10thIEEEInternationalSymposiumonHighPerformance
DistributedComputing,pp.181184.IEEEPress,NewYork(2001)
5. Foster,I.,Kesselman,C.,Nick,J.,Tuecke,S.:ThePhysiologyoftheGrid:anOpenGrid
ServicesArchitectureforDistributedSystemsIntegration. Technical report, GlobalGrid
Forum(2002)
6. NationalCenterforBiotechnologyInformation,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ChecklistofItemstobeSenttoVolumeEditors

1. AfinalWordorRTFfile
2. AfinalPDFfile
3. Acopyrightform,signedbyoneauthoronbehalfofalloftheauthorsofthepaper
4. Areadmegivingthenameandemailaddressofthecorrespondingauthor