Mata Kuliah Politik Identitas

Nadya Saraswati (114105090)

Fakultas Falsafah dan Peradaban

Hubungan Internasional

EUROPEAN MIGRATION CRISIS

A Review Essay by Nadya Saraswati

Greenhill, Kelly M., 2016. Open Arms Behind Barred Doors: Fear,
Hypocrisy and Policy Schizophrenia in European Migration Crisis in European Law
Journal, Vol. 22, No. 3. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Pg. 317-332
Metcalfe-Hough, Victoria, 2015. The Migration Crisis? Facts, Challenges
and Possible Soultion in Overseas Development Institue (ODI) Publications
Opinion. London: ODI

In this article Greenhill examines consequences of the EUs disjoint,

schizophrenic and hypocritical responses to what has become known as the European
migration crisis. She explains how unilateral, national-level responses have made the
EU as a whole particularly susceptible to a unique brand of coercive bargaining that
relies on the threat of mass population movements as a non-military instrument of
state-level coercion. At the first part of the article, Greenhill illustrate the condition of
this issue especially during 2015. More than one million refugees and migrants
arrived in Europe, about half of whom were fleeing the civil war in Syria and about
one third of whom were seeking political asylum. And thats left a question: who
responsible for the new arrivals and how those responsibilities should shared
generated very different sometimes schizophrenic policy responses among the EU
member states, of course with many states prioritizing their own national interests
over European solidarity, and these divergent national responses generated fierce
political debates over legal and normative obligations across member states. The lack

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of EU solidarity and the absence of a collective response to the humanitarian and
political challenges imposed by the refugee burden-sharing systems that have never
been wholly and satisfactorily implemented and also by the influx further laid bare the
limitations of common border control and migration.
According to the some cases those were mentioned in Greenhills article, such
as the case of the March 2016 deal between the EU and Turkey. TheEUTurkey
facilitateddealgarneredmorethantheaverageamountofmediacoverage,in
partbecauseofclaimsofitsillegalityandinpartbecauseoflongstanding
hostilitytoTurkeyinsomeEUmemberstates.However,assuggestedatthe
outsetofthispiece,thenatureofthedeal,thecoercivebargainingleadingupto
itandthedomesticpoliticaldynamicsthatencouragedtheEUtoconcedeto
many of Turkeys demands were anything but unique. Not only was this
episode far from the first time displaced people that were used as tools to
extractconcessionsfromtargetstates,butitwasalsonoteventhefirsttimethis
dynamiccameintoplayduringthecontemporaryEuropeanmigrationcrisis.
Inthesecondarticle,whichiswrittenbyMetcalfeHough,sheexaminesthat
theresfactsthatthecurrentsurgeinmigrationtotheEUwhichisrapidlybecoming
thelargestandmostcomplexfacingEurope.Inthisarticle,wecanhighlightthat
theres key challenges facing European governments: 1.) the practical challenge
presentedbythesheerscaleofthecrisisshouldnotbeunderestimated,2.)identifying
inneedofinternationalprotectionandthose whoarenotiscomplex,3.)theresa
substantialfinancialcosttocountriesreceivinglargescaleinfluxesofrefugeesand
othersgrantedinternationalprotectionintermsofintegrationsupport,forexamples;
education, health, housing, etc. 4.) the onward movement of refugees and other
migrantswithintheEUisakeyconcernformanygovernmentsoftheEUmember
states, 5.) public opinion in Europe on international migration is highly divided,
affectingbothgovernmentpoliciesandintegrationprospectsforrefugeesandother
migrants.Finally,shetriedtogivepossiblesolutionsupontheseissues.