BIOLOGY UNIT 2 PAPER 2testcope02207010 MAY/JUNE2007 FORMTP2007166 CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION BIOLOGY - UNIT2 Paper 01 90 minutes A JUNE 2007 (p.m.) READ THE FOLLOWING DIRECTIONS CAREFULLY. 1, Inadditionto this test booklet, you should have an answer sheet. 2. _ Eachitem in this testhas four suggested answers lettered (A), (B),(C), (D). Read each item youare about to answer and decide which choice is best. 3. Onyour answer sheet, find the number which corresponds to your item and shade the space having the same letter as the answer you have chosen. Look atthe sample item below. Sampleltem Which of the following is NOT a formof_ ¥ energy storage? > i (A) ATP Sample Answer B ®) Lid e000 E (© Alcohol ‘ ©) Lacticacid R ‘The best answer to this item is “ATP” , so answer space (A) has been blackened. 4, Ifyouwanttochange your answer, besureto erase your old answer completely and fillin yournew choice. 5. Whenyouaretold tobegin, tum the pageandworkas quickly andas carefully as youcan. Ifyoucannot answer an item, omititand goonto thenextone. Youcancome back to the harderitem later. Your score willbe the total number of correct answers. ‘Youmay do any rough work inthis booklet. Figures arenot necessarily drawn toscale. The use ofnon-programmablecalculatorsisallowed. Thistest consists of45 items. You will have 90 minutes to answer them. yeas 10. Donotbeconcemed that the answer sheet provides spaces for more answers than there are itemsin thistest. DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. CCopyright©2006 Caribbean Examinations Council llrightsreserved. 1720101 CAPR2007 + ‘A APFIXSEALHERE 42 Inplantcells, which of the following processes uses ATP? (A) Osmosis inroot hairs (B) Mineral uptake in root hairs © __ Diffusion into roothairs (@) — Turgor pressure in root cortex The spongy mesophyll is the chief site of gaseous exchange in a dicotyledonous leaf This is possible because the cells are (A) elongated in shape and vertically packed ) _inregularin shape and tightly packed (© found near the upper surface of the leaf (©) , found near the lower surface of the leaf Which of the following processes, taking place during photosynthesis, returns chlorophyll molecules to their reduced state? (A) Formation of ATP (B) Photolysis of water (©) __ Excitation of Photosystem (D) Oxidation of NADPH (02207010/CAPE2007 a \ RuBP GALP TP 7, Intermediary Products ‘THE CALVIN CYCLE ATP, produced in photophosphorylation, is used in the Calvin Cycle shown above. Which of the following combinations correctly identifies the stages, labelled I to IV where ATP is used? (A) Iand If only (B) TandIlonly (©) Mand IV only (BD) IVandillonly An investigation of the effect of light intensity and temperature on the rate of photosynthesis ofa suspension of Chlorella cells showed that at higher light intensities, the cells photosynthesized much faster at 20°C than at 15°C. This is because (A) photosynthesis is an enzyme controlled process (B) carbon dioxide diffuses at higher temperatures (C)__ high temperatures favour high transpiration rates (D) higher light intensities increase the rate of photolysis of water GOON TO THE NEXT PAGE“3: 6. Ifoxygenisnot available during the process Item 9 refers to the following apparatus set Of aerobic respiration, the net number of up to determine the rate of respiration of ATP molecules produced from a molecule germinating seeds. of glucose is 2 Glass tubing of ® 4 2mm internal diameter OQ . Shallow ©) B tray of water 7. Inthe diagram of the mitochondrion below, Ge Water in enzymes which catalyse oxidative tube Phosphorylation are located at site Germinating seeds Position of meniscus I ‘The results of the experiment are presented a in the table below. Time Volume of Oxygen she (mins) Absorbed (cm’) (based on distance y moved by meniscus) 5 16 @ 1 10 21 @®) w 15 34 © mW 2 42 @) WwW 9. , Which of the following quantities represents 8. Which of the following pairs of options is the average rate of oxygen uptake by the correct for both the Krebs cycle and the seeds during the time course of the electron transport chain? experiment? Krebs Cycle (A) 42m? min* ‘Transport Chi (B) 0.21 cm’ min* (A) | 02 is not consumed | O; is consumed © 1.26 cm? min* (B) | COz not produced —_| CO; produced @) 67 cm br! (©) | Site of action is the | Site of action is the . inner membrane of | innerlayerofthe | 10. In muscle tissue lindergoing strenuous the mitochondrion | grana ‘contractions, the formation of lactate is due (D) | NAD*is reduced to | NAD" is reduced to tothe NADH +H" NADH +H? 4 (A) highconcentration ofcarbon dioxide B) high concentration of glycogen (©) _ low concentration of glucose (D) _ low concentration of oxygen GO ONTO THENEXT PAGE 02207010/CAPE 2007-4- 11. Which of the followingis acomect definition of the term ‘habitat"? (A) The relationship between an ‘organism and other species (B) The interacting community of ‘organisms and the environment (©) The way inwhich the environment is exploited by the organism (D) Allocation within a biome where an organism dwells 12. Net primary production (NPP) is (A) the transfer of energy through an ecosystem (B) ‘the amount of organic material + available to herbivores (© theamountof organic material made inphotosynthesis (D) the amount of energy reaching the earth's surface 13. The figure below represents an ecological pyramid of numbers. The species of organisms in the pyramid are blackbirds, aphids, lice and cherry trees. w x ¥ Zz Match EACH of the species below with the options above. w x Y Zz (A)|tice aphids [blackbirds] cherry trees B) [biackbirds| Tice aphids [cherry trees ©Japhids [chery [lice ‘Blackbirds trees (D)|lice blackbirds) aphids | cherry trees (2207010/CAPE2007 14. 15, Item 14 refers to the terrarium below, an example ofa self-sustaining unit. Which ofthe following reasons explains why the plants in the jar continue to thrive for several months after the jar is sealed, even though no additional materials are used? (A) The plants contain stored carbohydrates that ae utilized. ©) Microorganisms in the soil decompose the organic wastes to facilitate recycling. (© There areno herbivores inthe jar to at the plants and thus limit photosynthesis (D) The glass jar exposes the plants to ‘adequate light for photosynthesis. An the nitrogen cycle, denitrifying bacteria convert (A) atmospheric nitrogen to nitrates (B)___nitratesto atmospheric nitrogen (© ammonium compounds tonitrates (D) atmospheric nitrogen to ammonium ‘compounds GO ONTO THENEXT PAGE-5- 16. Whichofthe following describes the function of the endodermis? (A) __Itcontrols the movement of water and ions to the xylem using a Casparian strip. ®)__Itreleases root pressure as water ‘moves into the xylem by osmosis. (©) __Itallowswatermoleculestoclingto the surface by cohesion so that a continuous column isereated. (D) __Itformsasystem of inter-connected plasmadesmata through which water and ions can move. Item 17 refers to the diagram below which shows some of the cells involved in loss of ‘water from part of a plant. 17. Which ofthe following correctly identifies the regions labelled P and Q? RegionP_[__Region Q (A) | Xylem Mesophyll cells (B) | Xylem Root cortex (C) | Phloem Palisade ()| Phloem ‘Stem cortex (02207010/CAPE2007 : 18. 19. The function of the companion cell in mature phloem tissue is that it (A) provides structural support for the sieve tubes (B) actively moves sucrose out of neighbouring photosynthesizing cells to the sieve tubes (©) moves sucrose against a concentration gradient into the xylem (D) contains a nucleus needed for cell division of the sieve tube elements Which of the following statements presents the BEST evidence to supportthe mass flow theory of phloem transport? (A) Phloem tissue carries manufactured food to destinations simultaneously, rather than to the greatest ‘sink’, (B) Sieve plates are a barrier and have been reduced in the course of evolution. (©) Contents of sieve tubes are under pressure, and sugar solution ‘exudes of phloem are cut. (D) Appropriate gradients between ‘source’ and ‘sink’ tissues do not exist. GOONTOTHENEXT PAGEItem 20 shows a diagram of a longitudinal Items 21 - 22 refer to the diagram below section of the heart. which shows the pressure in the left side of the heart. VY Iv. 21. The semi-lunar valves close at a) ot 20. Theposition ofthe sino-atrial node is indicated ® by © wW (Dd) Iv “1 ® © 22. The small surge in pressure in region X is o Vv caused by (A) atrial diastole (B) atrial systole (©) ventricular diastole (D) ventricular systole Item23 refers to the photograph below which showsa human blood smear, at oo 23. Whats the approximate magnification of this photograph? (A) x700 (B) x170 © x70 @) x I5 GOON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02207010/CAPE2007-7- {em 24 refers to the graph below which shows the oxygen dissociation curve for haemoglobin at pH 6.8 and 7.5. 100. pH7.s pH6S Partial pressure of oxygen 24. — Thepercentage saturation ofhaemoglobinin 26. the blood leaving an active muscle is shown at (A) A @) B © c (0) D 21. 25. Which of the fotlowing combinations of processes numbered I to IV, relates to the liver? 1. Glucose regutation Il, Transamination Mt. ‘Storage of Vitamins A, B and D IV. Manufacture of digestive enzymes (A) 1, Wand mt (B) I, and iv © | lltand1v (0) U,tand 1V Item 26 refers to the diagram below which shows the ultrastructure of two cells from the kidney with partof an adjacent capillary. Microvilli Nucleus Mitochondria } Blood capillary The region of the nephron shown is the (A) Bowman’scapsule (B) collecting duct (©) glomerulus (D) _proximaltubule Glomerular filtrate contains substances with arelative molecular mass less than 68,000. Larger molecules such as red blood cells and proteins are prevented from passing into the nephron because of the (A) basementmembrane (B) capillary endothellium (© _ podocytes (D) —_glomenular pressure GOONTOTHENEXT PAGE28s 28. Whichof the following pairs of cells and structures possess myelin sheaths? (A) TandITonly @) Mand IIlonly (© MandIVonly (D) TVandlonly z, 29. A delay of 0.5 ms occurs in transmission 30. Glucagon is ahhormone secreted by cells in across a synapse because the pancreas. Which TWO of the following changes are brought about by glucagon? (A) calcium ions diffuse into the synaptic kaob 1. _Itdecreases the blood gucose level (B) __ ion channels in the postsynaptic TI. __ It increases the blood glucose level. membrane respond slowly to the Ill. It stimulates the breakdown of presence of acetylcholine which glycogen. diffuses across the cleft IV. It stimulates the formation of (©) the synaptic knob releases glycogen. acetylcholine which diffuses across the cleft (A) Tand it (D) the presynaptic membrane is in a @®) TandIV refractory period (© Wandin () Mandiv GOON TOTHE NEXT PAGE (02207010/CAPE2007-9- 31. Whichofthe following correctly identifies 35. Whichofthe following combinations correctly three groups of nutrients that provide energy describe the pathogens responsible for inthe diet? malaria, dengue fever and AIDS? (A) Protein, minerals, fibre > (B) Lipids, carbohydrates, fibre Malaria 7 Dengue [AIDS (©) _Lipids,carbohydrates, protein (D) Minerals, water, fibre “ Faken Virus Virus (B)| Bacterium | Eukaryotic | Virus parasite . 32. Which of the following conditions isNOT — () | Virus Bacterium | Eukaryotic | caused by malnutrition? parasite I (D) | Eukaryotic | Bacterium | Bacterium } (A) Obesity parasite (B) — Marasmas (©) Kwashiorkor (D) Emphysema 36. Which of the following diseases is treated with drugs that havea similar structure to the 33. Fatty deposits in arteries can contribute to DNA molecule? strokes and heart disease. This condition is called (®) AIDs (8) Malaria a) (©) Dengue fever (B) (D) — Sicklecel! anaemia © (D) atherosclerosis, 34. Which of the following factors is responsible for the increase in heart rate during exercise? (A) Accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles (B) Decreased oxygen concentration in the blood stream (© __ Increased adrenaline in the blood stream (D) Increased glucose concentration in } the blood stream ~ t GOONTOTHENEXT PAGE 02207010/CAPE2007-10- tem37 refers to the diagrams below which shows the stages of phagocytism of a bacterium by aneutrophil. OO *) C) 40. 3 4 37. Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the phagocytic process? @ 4 2 3 1 @® 2 1 3 4 © 4 2 1 3 @ 1 3 2 4 4. 38. The following are characteristics of Iymphocytes. 1. Attack cells infected with microorganisms TL. Produce antibodies IIL. Produce memory cells TV. Mature in the thymus gland 42. ‘Two characteristics of T lymphooytes are (A) Tand only (B) Landi only (©) Tand1Vonly (D) Wand IV only 02207010/CAPE 2007 ‘Item 39 refers to the options below. 1. Globular glycoprotein Four polypeptide chains ‘Two identical binding sites Abinge region ‘The above features are characteristic of (A) antigens (B) antibodies (C) phagocytes ©) _ haemoglobin Anewborn baby is protected from diseases by antibodies acquired from the maternal circulation. Thisis an example of (A) artificial active immunity (B) _arfificil passive immunity (©) natural active immunity (D) natural passive immunity Which of the following is NOT an example ‘ofan application for monoclonal antibodies? (A) Pregnancy testing (B) Diagnosis of diseases (©) Prevention of transplanted organ % rejection (D) Gene therapy Fat accumulates in the liver when alcohol is. consumed regularly because (A) liver cells use alcohol as an energy source instead of fat {B) fat absorbs alcohol and helps to detoxify it (©) alcohol is used to synthesise fat molecules in the liver (D) alcohol prevents the liver cells from secreting fat molecules GO ONTO THENEXT PAGE<1 Item 43 refers to the diagram below which 44. Which pair of effects, labelled I to IV, is a shows the manufacture of recombinant direct result of nicotine in tobacco smoke? buman insulin. L nL. mm. Vv. (a) (B) © @) (a) () © © \\ < 43. Atwhich point ofthe stages, labelled I I, IIT and IV, does the replication of donor genes. occur? @) 1 ® w © W ©) W Constriction ofarterial diameter Increased mucus production in the alveoli Paralysis ofciliain the bronchi Increased stickiness of blood platelets Land I Jand tv Mand tI Mand 1V 45. Whichof the following explains the use of restriction enzymes in gene technology? Breaking down bacterial cell walls torelease plasmids Forming DNA from RNA Cutting open circular DNA of plasmids Joining different pieces of DNA to form recombinant plasmids IF YOUFINISH BEFORE TIMEISCALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST. 02207010/CAPE2007CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL . ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION BIOLOGY - UNIT 2 minus €9 JUNE 2008 (pm) READ THE FOLLOWING DIRECTIONS CAREFULLY. Insdiition w this test booider, you should have an anewer ace. Esch itomin this test hes four mggested answers lettered (A), (B),(C),(D). Read eachitem you are shout anawer and decide which choice is beat Chyna hd cing the same letier as the newer you have chosan. Look atthe sample item below. ‘Seupielicn ‘Which of the following isNOT aformof - ergy storage? i @ AP Semple Anewer_ § Qt / e008 ©) Lacdo acid f - ‘The best anewer to this teas is“ATP” , 0 snawer wpece (A) has been blackened. [f'youwant to change your mmzwer, be sareto erase your old answer completely and fillin yourmew choice. ‘When youre told tobegin,tumthe page and workas quickly and sscarefully asyoucen. I’youcannot answer an tern, omitit nd goonto the ncxtone. Youcan come back tothe harder item later. Your score will be ths total numbex of correct answers. ‘Younay do sry rough work i tis booklet. FFigores are not necessarily drawn to acals. ‘These ofnom-progrmmabiecaicalatorit allowed. ‘This test consists of 45 items. You will have 90 minutes to answer them. Donotbeconcemed tha the answer shect provides spaces formore answem than there arcitemsin thistest, DO NOT TURN TINS PAGE UNTH. YOU ARE TOLD TO DO 80.1 eB 2. ‘The function ofthe light dependent reaction inphotosynthesis isto (A) produce sugar regenerate RuBP (©) produce ATP and reduce NADP (D) produce electrons to stabilize the Photosystems 2 The electrons from non-cyclic Photopbosphorylation pass into the Calvin cycle via which ofthe following? (a) ® © @) ATP NADH, FAD NADP Item3 refers to the diagram below which outlines the events of the Calvin cycle. GPA) po ‘wwe phosphate a +| starch ReBP Which ofthe stages labelled I-IV on the diagram represents the stage at which carbon oxide is incorporated into the cycle? “Mil ® u © mw oO WwW Which of the following combinations correctly describes the MAIN factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis? 1. Light intensity and temperature Tl Carbon dioxide concentration and state ofthe stomata I. NADand ATPavailability TV. Phytochromes and the availablity of ions (A) land Honly B): lend Honly (© 1 Mandionly ©) 10,Manitv ‘During which of the following pathways does the synthesis of ATP occur by ‘substrate-level phosphorylation? 1. Glycolysis Tl. — Krebscycle TH. Electron wansportchain (A) Tonly (®) land Tony (© Wanditfonty ©) i Handiouly6. Under anaerobic conditions, the pyruvic acid produced by a respiring muscle cell can be below. 1 oxidized wearbon dioxide and water IL _used tommgenerate NADH TL converted tolactic acid TV. decarboxyiated to form acetyl CoA. x (A) Wnty ®) UandMouly (© | Wand IVoaly ©) 1, MimdrVonly 7, The final products) of glycolysis is/are «@) @ © @) -3- ‘Item § refers to the Krebs cycle shown enn -Coeazyme A (ac) 8. How many carbon atoms are represented at swaylcoamymeA Xand respectively? reduced NADH ‘ATR.NAD and pyruvate (A) 4Cand sc pyruvate, ATP and NADH ® nitrate (B) the variety of different life forms on BY Nitrogen — nitrate —> nitrite earth (© Nitrate — ammonium -> nitrogen (© therangeof genera oncarth (D) Nitrite -> nitrate —> ammonium (D) _ therange of ecosystems on earth Item 12 refers to the diagram below. 15, Thecrestion of seed banks is an economical method of maintaining plant diversity —_, Preparation of material for storage involves, 1. reduction ofthe moisture content of (Carnivore 1 = Berblvore 2 (@) only \ (B) Lenddlonly (© andittoaty ©) LMandiVonly 12, What factorother than sunlight wouldmake 16. The diagram below shows three adjacent ‘his a self-sustaining ecosystem? plant cells I, I and IIL. The values of their ‘water potentials are given in kPa, (A) Producers (B) Primary consumers (© Higher onder consumers (DP) Decomposers 13, Waitheftehowingeniogahemerns toonly one species? (A) Population In which direction would there be a NET @) Commmnity flow? (© Foodchain (©) Producer @ Ion aio Lol aM >t ® © @5 Mat 141 © WoT wisna. +5. bean 17 refers to 4 stages inthe loss of water from the stero to the atmosphere, down 2 TL Watertravels from cell to cell down. ‘a water potential gradient in the mesoptyl TV. Water passes from the stem xylem into the mesophry/i cells ‘Which of the following describes the corect sequence by which water is lost by ‘tamepintion? @ Lomi ®. Lovo © OLM0 O MILL Item 18 refers to the darkly staining ‘material labelled X in Figure 18a which is often found blocking Starceure Y in Figure 18. 19. Whichof the following choices is correct in relation to the translocation of organic matezial? (A) Sugars are always translocated downwards or towards the base of the plant. (B) Thesource is asite where sugars are produced, while sinks are sites Where sugars are utlized. (© Thesugar whichis transported in all plantsis sucrose, (D) Sucrose travelsin he piloem against ‘concentration grdicat. 20. Which of the following is correct for BOTH smnerics and veins? 21. Theinferior vena cava is represented by @ @) © @) ,2Ban<65 22. Which of the following is the correct sequence of eventsina single heat beat mown asthe ‘cardiac cycle? . (A) Atrial systole—> ventricular systole -> atrial diastole -> ventricular diastole (B)__ Ventricular diastole» atrial systole —> atrial diastole —> ventricular systole TC" Rial stole > sitrial systole —> ventricular systole -> ventricular diastole (D) Ventricular systole—> atrial systole —> arial diastole -> ventricular diastole "> Item 23 refers othe following table showing the distribution of blood volume, pressure and velocity in ‘human's vascular system, ‘Volame/ cm? | Pressure/mmHg | Velocity/cms" 23. Which et of data corresponds with those for the vena cavac? Item 24 refers othe following diagram. 25. Which combination below shows how ‘Positive feedback affects a change in output and the directional flow of an impulse? x (A) Large direction ot es = O © Lage mp direction ©) Sem sne direction y 26. The outcome of an increase in insulin 24. — Thecell labelled X inthe diagram above is. (A) am increase in cell permeability to ‘ghucose (A) merythrocyte ® — aplateier (®) «fall in glucose conversion to (© smonccyte yop (D) — aneutrophil (©) mincrease in blood glucose sugar . levels (D) increase inconversionof glycogen toghicose conversion+1. 27. Which of the following structural features 29. Which of the following explains why prevents molecules, with a molecular mass ‘greater than 68 000, passing from the glomerular capillaries into Bowman's capsule?» == (A) Ne gates require energy to open. (B) Energy is required to restore the (A) The basement membrane of the eating potcatial ‘epithelial cell of Bowman's (C) Energy is required to change the ——- capsule voltage potential from-70:mV to (B) The cell surface membrane of the +40mV. endothelial cells ofthe capillaries (D) Theyactas inhibitors of wansmitter (©) The cell surface membrane of the substances. ‘epithelial cells of the Bowmnan’s capsule (D) Thespaces between the extensions ‘tem 30 refers to the disgram below showing of the podocytes of Bowman's ‘he gap between twoneurones. capsule tem 28 refers to the table below which shows volumes of water reabsorbed at different regions of the human kidney acphrons, The total volume of filtrate produced by the glomneruhss is 180 den’/day. Region Volume of water (dcn’) reabsorbed/day 30, Whereisacetyl choline stored and secreted? Proximal tubules 1470 Loop of Healé 109 Distal mbules 192 Collecting duct 22 28. Whats the volume of urine produced per = 31. Which ofthe following diseases s matched @) 1.6m toitsMOST appropriate category? ® 22¢7 © 24dw ) 1784éu?32, 33, Alcoholism is a disease which has been 34. Whichofth following correctly identifies the linked to iatrafumily violence, aggressive structure labelled Y? behaviour and petty crime. In which of the following four disease categories can be (A) and only ®) led fonly I (© 1 MandWVoaly (©) Wand Vonly Biymphocytes —T lymphocytes ‘Which of the folowing is NOT a fimction of | recent, Antiodes = — a (A) They activate B-lymphocytes to — mt divide and differentiate into plasma ume cel mediated calls, response inane (B) They quickly produce plasma cells respoase when they encounter antigen for thesecond time. (A) Lymph node (©) They assist T-Killer cells in the (8) Thymusgiend destruction of foreign cells. (©) Red bone marrow (D) They activate cells to (©) Hypothalamus ‘engulf foreign cells and body cells infected with forcign satigen. 35. The diagram below shows antibody levels in blood serum after exposure to a ‘particular antigen. Which of the following immunoglobulins is/are importantin the body's first response to an antigen’? (A) kG (B) IgG and IgM (©) Mandigc ©) iM-9- tem 36 referstothe diagram below which 38. iluswates an antibody molecule. ——2 4 36. The two labels which represent the antigen binding ste and the region which gives lex 39. ‘bility in binding to antigens are (A) lands @®) lands (© 2ands ©) Ganda {tem 37 refers tote following information. ‘Two types of immunity were investigated in patient suffering from tetanus. Person X is injected with antibodies to the disease. Person Y is injected with vaccine and pro- duces antibodies asa result. ‘Blood samples are removed from both people at regular intervals. The results are shown on the graph below. is 35” injection Thne/Days 37. Thetypes of immunity being investigated are (A) passive natural, active natural (B) passive artificial, active artificial (©) activenatural, aassive artificial steel ection cere Which of the following combinations represent common uses of monoclonal antibodies? 1 Prevention of transplant ejection Early diagnosis of cholera HH, Tissue typing for transplants IV. Pregnancy testing (A) tyMland ML only @) 1. Whand IV only © BMadiVvony ©) 40, Mand IV ‘Which of the following is NOT a reason why ‘energy requirements differ in people from birth told age? (A) The amount of activity varies with ‘occupation. (8B) — Metabolic rate reduces with age. (©) Gender makes no difference to ‘energy needs. ©) Asaperson ages they may be ess ecive. Body Mass Index (BMI) is now used as a simple means of assessing obesity. Which ‘one of the following formulae is used to calculate BMI? pear = —beightinm @-10- 41. Aprofessional athlete and an untrained individual each engaged in 10 minutes of exercise. The athlete's blood pressure, pulse and breathing rate remained almost unchanged while the un- trained individual experienced an increasc in ll three parameters. Which of the following ‘sccounts for this? ee (A) The athlete developed increased muscle mas. (B) Cardiac output and lung capacity increased with athletic training. (C) The athlete has more stamina duc to a specialized diet. (D) _Exedrance levels are higher inthe athlete. 42. Which ofthe following conrectly identifies the causative agent and the mode of transmission of dengue fever? Causative Agent [Mode of Transmission “a Virus Veetor @®) Bacterium Vector © Virus Airbome @)| Bacterium Airbome 43. After regular consumption of alcohol, fat 44. Which of the following statements explain ‘accumulates in the liver. Which of the why alcohol consumption can result i the following provides an explanation of this? ‘production of large quantities of watery urine ‘Ginresisy? (A) Alcohol provides a substrate forthe . synthesis of fat molecules in the 1 Alcohol increases the production of the. : ADH. (B) Alcohol damages livercells,so they I _Alcobol inhibits ADH production. canoot conver ft into lipoproteins, IHL. Alcohol reduces the permeability of (©) Aloohol acts as a buffer for fat, nd the collecting ducts. _sboorbs the fat and stores it ©) Alcohol is used by liver cells in (A) Tand Toaly preference to fat, es an energy @) tad only souree. (© end only ©) Ledte tiem 4§ refers tothe table below showing three components of tobaco smoke, XY and Z and their effects. x ¥ Zz Constricts arterioles | Combines with | Increases secretion haemoglobin of mucus Stimulates release of | Decresses levels of | Thickens lang adrenaline oxygen inblood | tissue Increases ‘stickiness’ | Damages the lining | Promotes hung of platelets of eneries cancer 45.” Which ofthe following correctly identifies X, Y and Z? x ¥y [2 [te | Nicotine (Carbon monoxide @ | t Carbon monoxide | Nicotine (©)_| Nicotine | Carbon monoxide | Tar ©) _| Nicotine | Tar ‘Carbon monoxide IF YOUFINISHBEFORE TIMEIS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST. (2207010/CAPE200810. 2 MnINTAPR IAN 4 apmx seat wer + cope 22207010 FORM TP2008161 MAY/SUNE2008 CARIBBEA cIL ADVANCEDPROFICIENCY EXAMINATION BIOLOGY-UNIT2 Paper 01 90 minutes 11 JULY 2008 (p. READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY. This test consists of 45 items. Youwill have 90 minutes to answer them. Inaddition to this testbooklet, youshouldhave an answer sheet. ‘Donotbeconcemed that the answer sheet provides spaces for more answers than there are itemsin this test. Eachitem inthis test has four suggested answers lettered (A), (B),(C),(D)- Readeachitem youareabout toanswerand decide which choices best. ‘Onyour answer sheet, find the number which corresponds to your item and shade the spacehaving the same letter as the answer youhavechosen, Lookat the sample item below. ‘Sample ltem Which of the following is NOT a form of energy storage? @ AP Sample Answer ®) Lia Sah, 0900 ‘The best answer to thisitemis “ATP”, so answer space (A)has been shaded. Ifyou want to change your answer, be sure to erase it completely before you fill inyournew choice. ‘When youare toldto begin, tum the pageand workas quickly and as carefully as youcan. Ifyoucannot answer anitem, omititand goon tothenextone, Yourscore willbe the total number ofcorrect answers. ‘Youmay do any rough work inthis booklet. Figuresarenotnecessarily drawntoscale. ‘The use ofnon-programmable calculators is allowed. DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. Copytight ©2008 Caribbean Examinations Council Allrightsreserved. $ aumcivasxuav 4-2- Item11 refers to the following diagram which shows chloroplast. RuBP carboxylase can be found in Region @ i. ® w © mw o wv The electrons from _non-cyclic photophosphorylation pass into the Calvin cycle via which of the following? (4) AIP (®) NADH, (© FAD @) NADP The Calvin cycles important sit produces (A) triose phosphate that can be used for the production of carbohydrates (8) reduced NAD that is used to generate ATP (©) oxygen that helps maintain the ‘carbon dioxide balance in the atmosphere (D) _ glucose phosphate which can be used to form sucrose Which of the following CORRECTLY describes the MAIN factors affecting the rate ofphotosynthesis? J. Light intensity and temperature I Carbon dioxide concentration and state of the stomata I. NADandATPavailability IV. _ Phytochromesand the availability of ions (A) Land only (8) Tand Mi only (©) YManditlonly @) 1,0, MandIv High oxygen concentration can limit photosynthesis by preventing the formation of glycerate phosphate. This is due to (A) the oxidation of reduced NADP by oxygen (B) _oxygencombining with RuBP instead of carbon dioxide (©) __ oxygen combining with Rubisco instead of carbon dioxide (©) triose phosphate which cannot regenerate RUBP in high oxygen concentration ‘Thereaction linking glycolysis and the Kreb’s cycle results in the formation of @ AIP ®B) — pynwate (© — acetylCoa ©) _triose phosphate3a 7. The FINAL pathway forall carbon atoms, 8, The oxygen consumed during cellular derived from food, during cellular respiration respiration is directly involved in isthe . (A) thecitricacid eycle (A) foodchsin (B) _thephosphorylation of ADP B) — Kreb’soycle (© _ the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl (© Calvineycle CoA (D)__clectrontransportchain (D) accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain 9. Which of the following BEST describes an ecosystem? (A) Producers + consumers + habitats + non-living component (B) Producers + decomposers + habitats + non-living component (©) Consumers + decomposers + habitats + non-living component (D) Producers + consumers + decomposers + non-living component 10. During vigorous exercise pyruvate is 13. Improvement of biodiversity can BEST be achieved by (A) reduced to lactate (B) _convertedto glycogen (A) controlled hunting (©) converted toethanol (B) systematic logging (D) transferred toacetyl CoA. (©) creating green areas (D) —_ monocropping UL. Which sequence CORRECTLY represents the action ofnitrifying bacteria? 14, Endangered species may BEST be described as species (A) Ammonium nitrite > nitrate (B) Nitrogen nitrate — nitrite (A) which are under threat of declining (© Nitrate — ammonium —> nitrogen innumber (D) Nitrite > nitrate > ammonium (8) _withlow population numbers that are in considerable danger of decoming extinct 12. Which of the following sequences is (©) which cannot be found in areas that CORRECTLY ranked in order of they recently inhabited or in other decreasing size? likely habitats ; (©) with small populations which are (A) Ecosystem -biome- habitat restricted geographically with ©) Biome- ecosystem -habitat localised habitats © Habitat-ecosystem-biome (©) — Habitat.18. 16. -4- Item 15 refers toan ocean food pyramid. The number in brackets represents the weight of the organism, ‘Trophic Level 5 2 zooplankton (500) Pre 00 \. The percentage of energy available for transfer to a person eating 0.5 kilograms of ‘unais approximately A) 1% ®) 3% ©) 10% ©) 20% ‘Which of the following does NOT describe how mineral ions are transported from the soil to the endodermis of the root? (A) Transported with water via the apoplastroute (B) Carried across the root cells passively with water in the transpiration stream (©) By active transport via the apoplast route (D) By passive diffusion across the apoplast route 17. 18, Which of the following describes the correct sequence by which water is lost through transpiration? 1. Water passes from the xylem into the mesophyll cells. TL Water travels from cell to cell down water potential gradient. TI Water evaporates from the surface of the mesophyl cells. TV. Water leaves through the stomata by diffusion. @ Ln,0LWv ® Lom © LLvm ©) MmLn1 Item 18 refers tothe following diagram which Tepresents the distribution of tissues in a dicotyledonous root. Transport of water along the apoplast pathway is prevented by the region labelled (a) ®) © ©) Bow19. 20. a5: Item 19 refers to the following diagram which shows a longitudinal section ofa mammalian ‘Item 21 refers to the following diagram which shows the heart and associated blood vessels. heart. yy um “ \) L I Vv ne Iv n m 21. Theinferior venacavais labelled (A) 1 ‘The position ofthe sinoatral node is identified ® w by the region labelled oO w Oo Ww (A) I ® tw © wm Item_22 refers to the following Oo WwW ‘Which of the following is correct for BOTH arteries and veins? Arteries Veins (A) [Thin walled | Few elastic fibres ®) Collagen fibres | Small lumen present Few elastic Has valves © fibres Thick walled | Collagen fibres ” ) present ®) © ®) photomicrograph which shows amature sieve ‘tubeelement. 22. The region labelled X is the sieve plate the sieve/pore aplastid companion cell62 hem 23 refers to the following diagram which shows the pressure changes to the left side of the heart and the aorta during the cardiac cycle. 23. 25, 0 02 04 06 «08 10 ‘Time/ seconds ‘The section labelled X represents the (A) pressure in the aorta as the heart exopties (B) pressure inthe ventricles as the heart falls (©) atrial pressure as the heart empties (D) ventricular pressure asthe heart fills ‘Which term BEST describes homeostasis? (A) Variable internal and external environment (8) — Maintenance ofa constant intemal environment (© Constant internal environment, providing complete dependence on the extemal environment (@) Constant internal and external environment resulting from a fall in temperature The effect of glucagon on mammalian muscle cellsis (A) stimulation of DNA synthesis (B) _anincrease inthe hydrolysis of lipids (©) alteration of the receptor site on the cell membrane (D) __stinmalation ofthe rapid conversion of shycogento ghicose 26. 21. 28. Which of the following is the CORRECT mechanism by which ghacose inthe kidney is retumed to the blood system? Site ‘Mechanism (A) | Collecting duct | Passive diffusion (B) [Proximal tubule | Active transport (©) [Loop of Heolé | Passive diffusion (D) { Distal tubule _| Active transport In the mammalian kidney, which substance is NOT reabsorbed from the proximal tubule by active transport? (A) Hormones (B) Amino acids (©) Ghucose @) Urea ‘tem 28 refers tothe following table which shows the volume of water reabsorbed per day at different regions of the human kidney nephrons. The total volume of filtrate produced by the glomerulus is 180 dmm'/day. Region Volume of water reabsorbed/dm? Proximal tubules 1470 Loop of Henlé 10.0 Distal tubules 192 Collecting duct 22 ‘Whatis the vohume of urine produced per day? A 16d @®) 2.2m’ (© —21.4dm° @) 1784dmTe 29, Inmyelinated neurones the action potentialis 32. Alcoholism is a disease which has been generated linked to intrafamily violence, aggressive behaviour and petty crime. In which ofthe following categories can alcoholism be (B) _allalong the axon (©) inthe myetinsheath only Paced? (@) atthe nodes of Ranvier only 1. Deficiency TL Self-inflicted UL Degenerative ‘Item 30 refers to the diagram below showing IV. Social the gap between two neurones. (A) in Schwann cells (A) Land (®) Land I (©) MandIv @) WandIv tem 33 refers to the following diagram which shows the structure of a human. ‘immuno-deficiency virus (HIV). 30. Which structures indicate where acetycholine is (i) stored and (ii) released? Stored | Released () L 3 @) 1 4 | © 2 3 © 2 4 31, ‘Chronic bronchitis is a condition suffered jpersoca wba sitokocigareioe Tue MSE 33. The function of the structure labelled Tis to appropriate meaning of the term ‘chronic’, in this context, is (A) anchor the glycoproteins (B) enclose and support the viral DNA. (A) severe and enzymes (B) _ suddenonset (©) inhibitviral replication (© «longterm {D) transcribe the viral DNA, so it can ©) intense be integrated into the host DNA.34. 35. Item34 refers to the following diagram. x ‘Stem cells \ Y + + Blymphocytes | | T lymphocytes J | Antibodies 1 hulnoral at immune —_ response celhmediated 36. immune response The structure labelled Y represents the (A) lymphnode ®B) thymus gland (©) red bone marrow (©) hypothalamus 37. ‘Mast cells (A) are found in lymph nodes only (B) are the smallest circulating granulocytes (C) are large granuloctyes which engulf pathogens (D) contain many granules rich in histamine and heparin ‘Item 36 refers to the diagram below which illustrates an antibody molecule. - s The two labels which represent the antigen binding site and the region which gives {flexibility in binding to antigens are (A) Land4 ®) lands (© 2ands (D) 3and4 Which of the following BEST describes tolerance, a form of physical drug dependence? (A) A severe craving for a drug which interferes with a person's ability to function normally (B) Characterized by the continued desire for a drug, even after physical dependence is gone (©) Develops in persons who have used large quantities of substances such asaleohol and barbiturates (D) Occurs when the body becomes accustomed toa drug and requires ever-increasing amounts to achieve the same effect | | i 1 i j38. 39. ‘Which of the followingis NOT amethodof 41. transmission ofthe HIV? (A) Sexual intercourse (B) Sharing intravenous needles (©) Gene transfer from mother to foetus (D) Breastfeeding or breast milk ‘Which ofthe following explains why energy requirements differin persons? L I. Metabolic rate reduces with age. TI. Asa person ages they may be less | active, @& —_ Tonly a ®) Land Tonly . © — Wandonly ©) 1, Wand it Body Mass Index (BMI is now used as a ‘The amount of activity varies with occupation. simple means of assessing obesity. Which of the following formulaeis used tocalculate BMI? i) ®) © @) Ma = —beight (cm) body mass? (kg*) pe = Dedymass (kg) ight? (m?) BM] = —body mass (ke) _ as ‘age of individual (yrs) . BM = Body mass (kg) ‘eight (m) A professional athlete and an untrained individual each engaged in 10 minutes of exercise. The athlete's blood pressure, pulse and breathing rate remained almost ‘unchanged, while the untrained individual experienced an increase in all three parameters. Which of the following state- ments MOST likely accounts for this? (A) The athlete developed increased muscle mass. (B) Cardiac output and lung capacity increased with athletic training. (©) Theathlete has more stamina due to a specialized diet. (D) Endurance levels are higher in the athlete. ‘Which of the following describes a possible outcome of the effect of tobacco smoke on the cardiovascular system? (A) Haemoglobin combines with carbon ‘monoxide resulting in lessoxygen being transported in the blood. (B) _ Nicotine lowers the blood pressure and therefore the heart rate. (©) __ Platelets become less cohesive and increase the likelibood of (D) The blood supply to the body extremities increases and oxygen is delivered to cells at a faster rate, With regular consumption of alcohol, fat accumulates in the liver because (A) alcohol isused in the synthesis of fat molecules in the liver (B) _aloohol suppresses the ability of liver cells to secrete fat molecules (C) __fatabsorbs alcohol and detoxifies it @) _livercells use alcohol instead of fat asan energy sourceItems 44 - 45 refer to the following diagram which shows the changes in antibody concentration in the blood during the primary and secondary responses. 3 secondary response primary response Concentration of antibody (arbitrary units) log scale 0 10 20 30 4 50 Time (days) 44. These responses are MOST likely caused by (A) antigens (B) antibiotics, (©) antitoxins () antioxidants 45. The secondary response is faster and stronger because (A) Beells rapidly transform into plasma cells ®) Bells rapidly transform into memory cells (©) memory cells are present and rapidly become plasmacells * (D) memory cells rapidly transform into T cells TYOUFINISHBEFORE TIMEIS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ONTHISTEST, 2220701 0/CAPE20084 arnx seatmne_ tesrconE02207010 MAY/UNE2009 FORM TP2009149 CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION BIOLOGY - UNIT2 Paper 01 90 minutes 12 SONE 2009 . READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY. 1. Thistestconsists of 45 items. You will have 90 minutes to answer them. 2. Inaddition to this testbooklet, you should have an answer sheet. 3. Bachitemin this test bas four suggested answers lettered (A), (B), (C), (D). Readeachitem you are about to answer and decide which choice is best. 4. Onyouranswer sheet, find the number which comespondsto your item andshade the space having the same letter as the answer you have chosen. Look at the sample item below. leltem ~ WhichofthefollowingisNOT a formof El cnergy storage? 8 (A) Ae Sample Answer i @) Ld | (© — Aleobot @®OO ~ (D) —_Lacticacid ‘The best answer to this item is “ATP” , so answer space (A) has been shaded, 5. Ifyouwant to change your answer, erase it completely and fill in your new choice. 6. Whenyouaretoldtobegin, tum the pageand workas quickly and as carefully as youcan. Ifyou cannotanswer anitem, omititand go onto thenextone. Your score will be the total number of correct answers. 7. Youmay doany rough workin this booklet. . 8. Figures arenotnecessarily drawn to scale. 9. Donotbe concernedithat the answer sheet provides spaces for moreanswers han thereareitems inthistest DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO Si eee ee Oe TOO SO pata Copyright©2009 Caribbean Examinations Council. llrightsreserved.The electrons from _non-cyclic photophosphorylation pass into the Calvin cycle via (A) AIP @®) NADH, (© FAD (©) NADP Duringphotosynthesis P,, emits electrons that (A) canbe recycled directly to Pay (B) fall back directly to P.., (© will generate ATP (D) —_ willgenerate rechiced NAD Which of the following combinations correctly describes the MAIN factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis? 1. __Lightintensity and temperature TL Carbon dioxide concentration and state of the stomata I — NADendATPavailebility TV. Phytochromes and the availability of ions (A) LandILonly ; (8) [andIfonly (© 1,Hand only ©) L,Dlandv In muscle tissue undergoing strenuous contractions, the formation of lactate is due tothe (A) lowconcentration of glucose (B) low concentration of oxygen (©) ___ high concentration of glycogen ()__bighconcentration of carbon dioxide Inaerobie respiration, the maxinmm mumber of ATP molecules that may be produced fromamolecule of ghicose is A 2 ® 4 © . @) 38 ‘Two substances which enter the initochondlial cristae and are oxidised are (A) ADP and phosphate (8) NADH, and FADE (©) Phosphate and acetyl CoA (D) ADP and pyruvate The two MAIN products of oxidative phosphorylation inthe mitochondrion are (A) ATP and water, (B) oxygen and water (©) NAD and FAD (D) hydrogen and oxygen ‘The.oxygen consurned during cellular respirationis directly involved in (A) _ phosphorylation of ADP (B) conversion of citrate to oxaloacetate (©) __onidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA (D) accepting electrons in electron ‘transport chain reaction |Item9 refers to the following pyramid of numbers. c— 10. Which of the following food chains would create the pyramid of numbers represented above? (A) Decayeii leaf — earthworms > small birds —> large birds (B) Tree aphids + birds > fleas (© Tree—-ants— lizards > birds ©) Tree birds + fleas — bacteria Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain are correct? Located in the mitochondria and chloroplasts. © Involved in the production of ATP. Located on the membranes. Oxygen is always the final electron acceptor SBR (A) IandIVoaly @) Mand Monly (© Liandillonly ©) T,WandIV only nu. 12. 13 [Netprimary production in an ecosystem over a given period may be BEST defined as the total amount of (A) organic matter produced by all organisms in the ecosystem ®) _neworganic matter produced only by green plants (©) organic matter used in respiration and metabolism by all organisms in the ecosystem () new organic matter remaining after respiration and metabolism has been fuelled ‘Item 12 refers to the following diagram. Syringe containing 1g crashed pea and soda Tee Capillary tubing Ruler An experiment is set up as shown above to calculate the rate of respiration in red pea. After 50. seconds, the indicator fiuid in the capillary tubing moved 85 mrn. The diameter of the capillary tubing is 0.4mm. Whatis the rate of respiration in the red pea? (A) 0.2mm’ g (B) 0.68 mm’ g's! (©) 17mm’ g's! @) 8.6 mm’ g's! Which of the following are the substrate and product(s) of anaerobic respiration? Substrate Product (A) [Glucose [Lactic acid + CO (8) [Glucose [Ethanol + COz (© [Pyruvate | Ethanol + CO, (D) [Pyruvate | Lacicacid15. 16, Which of the following combinations may bbe applied to the term biodiversity? | Variety of species on earth U. Can be defined at the genetic level TL May be defined at the ecosystem level TV. Relates only to endangered species (A) J,WandITonly (8) [Wand IVonly (CQ) 1, Mand IV only (D) {land TV only ‘Which of the following statements describes the function of denitrifying bacteria in the nitrogen cycle? (A) Split the nitrogen molecule to form nitrites (B) Convert nitrates to atmospheric nitrogen (©) Convert ammonium compounds to nitrates (D) Split nitrogen molecules to form ‘agnmonivm Inan experiment, the water potential of the water ina soil, is found to be? 40 kPa, while that of pure water is OkPa, This difference isdue tothe (A) presence of mineral ions in the soil water (B) greater kinetic energy of the soil ‘water molecules (©) smallsize of the mineral ions in the soil water (©) _ water potential of soil water being positive 4a. 18. gn £7 relist the eigyram below which shows some of the cells involved in loss of water from part of a plant. Which ofthe following combinations comectty identifies the regions labelled P and Q? Region P| _, Region Q (A) [Phioem | Palisade (B) [Phloem | Stem cortex © [Xviem Mesophiyit cells ©) [ Xytem Root cortex Ina study of water movement in plants, the cutend of. leafy shoot is placed in a dilute solution ofa dye. Aftera few hours, deposits of the dye accumulate in the leaves. The rate of movementof the dye up the stern isNOT increased by (A) humidity (B) —_windspeed (©) temperature () availability of waterPar 19, 20, a -5- ‘Which of the following statements is true according to the mass (pressure) flow hypothesis? a) ®) © @) ‘Sucrose moves in the phloem against a concentration gradient. ‘The loading of sugars into the phloem in the leafis achieved by osmosis. A source is a site where sugars are produced, while a sinkis site where sugars are utilized, ‘Water s actively transported from the intercellular spaces into the cell sap at the root end of the system, ‘Which of the following combinations correctly describes systolic and diastolic blood pressure? Systolic Blood DiastolicBlood Pressure Pressure (A) [Produced by contraction of | Pressure in the arteries after the atria the attia contract (B) | Presswrein the arteries | Produced by contraction of after the atria contract the atria (©), _ | Produced by contraction of | Pressure in the artes after the ventricles the ventricles relax (D) | Presstrein the arteries | Produced by contraction of after the ventricles relax | the ventricles In the human heart, what is the point of initiation of the mammalian heartbeat? (a) ®) © ©) Purkynefibres Sinoatrialnode “~ Node of Ranvier Atrioventricular node 22. ‘tem.22refersto the following diagram which shows the heart and associated blood vessels. The region labelled X is the (A) aorta @) _pulmovary artery © inferior vena cava @) ‘superior vena cava6- Trea 23 veensto the lllowing diagram which «Item. 25 refers to the table below which gives shows the pressure changes to the left side the pulse rate of humans at «ifferent stages ofthe heart and the aorta during the cardiac of their growth and developrnent to adulthood. cyde. Pulse rate (beats/min) ; i 110-140 & TL} 80-90 | 2 3 ‘Which group BEST represents infants? d 01 02 03 4 05 06 07 “oo ‘Timel seconds ® w 23, The section labelled X represents the Q m © Ww (A) pressure in the ventricles as the heart ‘ils | (B)__ pressure in the aorta as the heart 26. Which ofthe following statements about ‘empties glucagon is INCORRECT? (©) atrial pressure as the heart empties (D) ventricular pressure as the heart fills (A) Actsinopposition to insulin ®) Acts primarily on livercells 2 (© Raisesblood glucose levels 24, Which of the following is true concerning the * @) _Issynthesized by islet Beta cells effect of insulin on targetells? (A) Decreased glucose metabolism 27. — Ahealthy person has recently drunk.a large (B) Increased gluconeogenesis quantity of (pure) water. Which statement (©) Inereaged blood glucose BEST describes the result ofthis action? concentration (D) Increased glucose permeability of (A) Theproduction of ADH increases. cell membranes (®) The water potential of the urine becomes less negative. (©) Thesolute concentration of the urine becomes more negative. (©) The permeability of the collecting ducts increases. Rn one erm ree ne28. 29. 30. “& ®) © @) aR ‘Which of the following cells and structures possesses myelin sheaths? ‘The speed of transmission of anerveimptlse 31. is affected by the (A) strength ofthe impulse B) concentration of acetyl choline (©) __ presence ofthe myelin sheath (D) amount of Na* that enters the neurone ‘Item30 refers to the diagrain below showing the gap between two neurones. ‘The protein receptors for the neurotransmitter are located at @® 1 ® 2 © 3 @ 4 32, In which of the following ways can an individual become infected with HIV from an infected person? Exchange of saliva during kissing Blood transfusion Breastfeeding Sharing hypodermic needles SBR (A) Wand Monly @®) 1, Hand IV only (©) UD, Wand rv only ©) 10,MandIv ‘Which of the followingiis true for mast cells? (A) Theyare found in lymph nodes only. B) They are the smallest circulating granulocytes. (©) They are large granuloctyes which engulf pathogens. (D) They contain many granules ricb in histamine and heparin." 34. 36. Which of the following is a feature of B lymphocytes? (A) They bind only lo whole antigen molecules via receptors on their cell surfaces. (B) They must pass through the thymus gland before they can become fully functional (©) They release cytokines when activated. (D) They suppress the activity of phagocytes. Item 34 refers to the graph below which shows the changes in antibody concentration in serum during the primary and secondary response fo an antigen, Ind injection of antigen Ist injection of antigen Antibody concentration ‘Whattype ofcell is respehisible for initiating the increase in antibody production after the second injection of antigen? (A) Bealls (B) Feels (©) Macrophages (D) Memory cell Which of the following combinations correctly deseribes the pathogens responsible for dengue fever and AIDS? Dengue ‘AIDS Fever (A) [Bacterium Retovines (B) [Single stranded | Double stranded RNA | DNA (C) [infects B Infects T = lymphocytes ® Infectious disease 36. 37. ‘The monomers that make up the heavy and light chainsofan antibodly molecule are joined by (A) disulphidebonds (B) hydrogen bonds (©) glycosidic bonds ©) _ peptide bonds Item 37 refers to the diagrams below which show the stages of phagocytosis of a bacterium by a neutrophil OO OO Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the phagocytosis process? (a) 1 3 2 4 ® 2 1 3 4 © 4 2 1 3 ® 4 2 3 138, 39. 40. Which of the following is correct regarding the use of monoclonal antibodies in pregnancy testing? (A) Ifa test is negative, mouse monoclonal anti-HOG antibodies do not bind to polyclonal anti-mouse antibodies in the control region. (B) If the test is positive, mouse monoclonal anti-HCG antibodies bind to HCG only at the control region. (©) Mouse monoclonal anti-HCG antibodies can detect low levels HCG. (©) Mouse, monoclonal anti-HCG antibodies cannot detect low levels HCG. A baby receives antibodies from its mother via the placenta. This is called (A) artificial passive immnnity B) natural passive immunity (©) attificil active immunity (©) natural active immunity ‘Which of the following is true for Body Mass Index BMD? 7 (A) Itcamnot be used to measure obesity in children. (B) _Itisaperfectmethod for measuring ‘a person's weight. (©) _Itiscalculated using both height and ‘weight measurements. (D) _Itmeasures the distribution of excess fatin the body. 42, 43, Ackey feature of monoclonal antibodies is that they are manufactured by’ (A) mostcells (B) cancer cells (©) one type of T cell (D) one type of B cell ‘Which ofthe following combinations comectly identifies the causative agent and the mode of transmission of dengue fever? Causative Mode of Agent ‘Transmission ()[__ Virus Vector 8) |__ Bacterium ‘Vector ©) Virus Airbome D) |__Bacterium Aitbome With regular consumption of alcohol, fat accumulates in the liver because (A) __fatabsorbs alcohol and detoxities it (B) _livercells use alcohol instead of fat . _ asanenergy source (C) alcohol isused in the synthesis of fat ‘molecules inthe liver (D) alcohol suppresses the ability of liver cellsto secrete fatmoleculesee ae 0 44, Whieb of the following i nfagenandean 45, Which of the following BEST describes cause hing cancer? tolerance, a form of physical dry, dependes (A) Tar (B) Alcohol (A) A sovere craving for a drug which (©) Nicotine interferes with a person’s ability to (D) Carbon monoxide function normally (B) Characterized by the continued desire for a drug, even after physical dependence is gone (©) Develops in persons who have used large quantities of substances such as alcohol and barbiturates (D) Occurs when the body becomes accustomed to a drug and requires ever-increasing amounts to achieve the same effect IF YOUFINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST.| restcove02207010 MAY/JUNE2010 CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION BIOLOGY - UNIT2 Paper 01 90 minutes 11 JUNE 2010 (a.m.) READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY. This test consists of45 items. You will have 90 minutes to answer them. Inadditign tothis testbooklet, you should havean answersheet. ‘Donotbe,concered that the answer sheet provides spaces for more answers than there are items inthis test. Eachitem in thistesthas four suggested answerslettered(A),(B),(C),(D). Readeachitem you are about to answer and decide which choice is best. ‘On youranswer sheet, find the number which correspondsto youritem and shade the space having the same letteras the answer you have chosen. Look atthe sample item below. ‘Sampleltem Which of the followingis NOT a formof energy storage? (A) ATP. Sample Answer @®) Lipid (©) Akcohol @©OO (D) — Lacticacid ‘The best answer to this item is “ATP” , so answer space (A) has been shaded. Ifyou wantto change your answer, erase it completely and fill in yournew choice. ‘When you are told to begin, tur the page and workas quickly andas carefully as youcan. Ifyou cannot answer an item, omit itand go onto thenext one. Yours¢ore will be the total number of correct answers. ‘Youmay do any rough work inthis booklet. Figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. DO_NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. Copyright© 2009 Caribbean Examinations Council. llrightsreserved. 02207010/CAPE2010 4} APFIXSEALHERE ‘ 4 sumqasxuav +2 tem. refers to the following diagram which 4. ‘The role of oxygen in aerobic respiration is to represents. chloroplast. (A) oxidize pyruvicacid (B) * breakdown glucose into pyruvicacid of glycerate phosphate. This is due to 1 (C) synthesize thirty-eight molecules of 7)» ATP 1" (D) _accepthydrogen ionsiin the electron i transport chain : dn m i 2 iv 5 High oxygen concentration can limit | Ww photosynthesis by preventing the formation | ! (A) _ the oxidation of reduced NADP by 1. Ribulose biphosphate carboxylase can be ©) _oxygencombining with RuBP instead foundin Region ofcarban dioxide , (© oxygen combining with Rubjseo “ot instead of carbon dioxide | ® Ww (D) _ triose phosphate which cannot © ww regenerate RuBP in high oxygen j @) Ww concentration { i 2, The electrons from non-cyclic The spongy mesophyll is the chief sife of photophosphorylation pass into the Calvin ‘gaseous exchange in a dicotyledonous |eaf. ! cycle via This is possible because the cells are { (A) ATP (A) imegularin shape and tightly packed i (B) FAD (B) elongated in shape and vertically i (©) NADP » packed 1 (D) NADH, (©) found near the upper surface of the " leaf (D) found near the lower surface of the &§ ‘The Calvin cycle is temperature dependent leaf because (A) increased temperature increasesthe 7, The final product(s) of glycolysis is/are diffusion of carbon dioxide (B) increased temperature increases the (A) “reduced NADH rate of collision of molecules (B) _ acetylcoenzymeA (© enzymes involved in the reaction are (©) ATP,NADand pyruvate affected by changesin temperature (D) _ pyruvate, ATPand NADH (D) _thereduction of glycerate phosphate to triose phosphate requires high temperature GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE : 02207010°CAPE2010 poItem 8 refers to the Calvin cycle shown, Which of the following equations shows the low where ATP produced fate of pyruvic acid during anaerobic photophosphorylationsuilised respiration? (A) Pynwvic acid lactic acid + CO, + CO; we *- 2ATP net 1 (B) _Pyruvicacid ~» lactic acid + CO, + 4ATP net (©) Pyrwvic acid > aleohol + CO, + 2ATP net (©) Pyrwic acid + aleohol + CO, + Rupr Gave Tr oe : SO 10. Which sequence correctly represents the Intermediary action ofnitrifying bacteria? Proguets (A) Nitrogen nitrate -> nitrite @) Nitrite nitrate ammonium : : (©) Ammonium» nitite-» nitrate 8. Which of the following combinations “(D) _Nitrate— ammonium nitrogen correctly identifies the stages where ATP enters the cycle? (A) TandIfonly @®) [and llfonly (©) Wandilfonly () ~~ WandIVonly Item 11 refers to the diagram below that shows a simple food web. Herbivorous, Waterflea Green larvae protoctist Nx Camivorous . ter beetle protoctist My beetle 11. Which ofthe following organisms is INCORRECTLY identified with its trophic level? . (A) Green protoctist - primary producer (B) _Herbiyorous protoctist- primary producer (©). Camivorous water beetle - secondary consumer (D) _Camivorous water beetle tertiary consumer GOON TO THENEXT PAGE4. em 12 refers to the following apparatus ‘set up to determine the rate of respiration of germinating seeds. Glass tubing of 2 mum internal diameter shai Metal ae game of water & Pe +— water in tube Germinating seed The results ofthe experimentare presented inthe table below. ‘Volume of Oxygen Time Absorbed (en) (mins) | (based on distance : moved by meniscus) 5 16 io 21 15 34 20, 42 12. Which of the following quantities represents the average rate of axygen uptake by the seeds during the time of the experiment? (A) 02Len? min! (B) —1.26cm? min’ (© 42cm’ min! (0) 6.74em br! 13. Whichofthe following pathways contributes the MOST electrons tothe electron transport chain? (A) Giycolysis B) Calvineycte (©) Krebseycle (D) Pyruvate oxidation 14, Theterm ‘biodiversity’ is BEST described as the (A) range of genera on earth (B) number of species onearth (C)__ range ofecosystemson earth (D) variety of different ife forms onearth (2207010CAPE2010 15, 16. Item 15 refers to an ocean food pyramid. ‘The number in brackets represents the weight ofthe organism. 2 zooplankton (500) phytoplankton (2500) The percentage of energy available, for transfer tof person eating 0 kilograms of tunais approximately 1 A) 1% B) 5% © 10% @) 20% Item 16 refers to the diagram below which shows three adjacent plant cells, J, Il and IIL The values of their water potentials are given in kPa, 1 a m1 In which direction would there be a NET flow? @ 131 ad @) >I adm +1 © w+ Mand 1st ©) MU andi > GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE.7. 18. 19. Which ofthe following isNOTa partofthe 20. symplastic pathway in plants? (A) Cytoplasm of root hairs (B) — Lumenofxylemcells (C) _Plasmodesmata of companion cel (D) Cel surface membrane of cortical cells Which of the following causes the stomata to open? (A) am increase in carbon dioxide in the air spaces in the leaves (B) decrease in the turgor pressure in guard cells (C) accumulation of water in guard Cells by active transport (D) an influx of K* into guard cells followed by water by osmosis 24. Item 19 refers to the following diagram which shows a longitudinal section of a mammalian hear WJ 22, 1 The position of the sinoatrial node is identified by the region labelled “ot @) © ul @ WV Which of the following is correct for BOTH arteries and veins? Arteries Veins (A) | Thinwalled | Fewelastic fibres (B) | Collagen fibres| Thickwalled present (© | Fewetastic | Vatvespresent fibres (D) | Thickwalled | Collagensibres present ‘The function of the companion cell in ‘mature phloem tissue is to (A) provide structural support for the sieve tubes (B) actively move sucrose out of neighbouring photosynthesizing cells to the sieve tubes (© move sucrose againsta concentration gradient into the xylem (D) provide nucleus needed for cell division of the sieve tube elements, Pulse is a direct measure of (A) heart rate (B) breathing rate (© stroke volume (D) bloodpressurePressure (kPa) 23, 24, 6+ Item 23 refers tothe following diagram which 25. shows the pressure changes to the left side of the heart and the aorta during the cardiac cycle. 0 02 04 06 08 10 Time (seconds) The section labelled X represents the (A) atrial pressure as the heart empties (B) ventricular pressure asthe heart fills (©) pressure in the ventricles asthe heart (D) pressure in the aorta as the heart empties Item 24 refers to the following diagram. 660 8 x © _3 Oo . ‘The cell labelled X in the diagram above is (A) aplatelet (8) amonocyte (©) aneutophil (D) —anerythrocyte Which statement about glucagon is INCORRECT? Glucagon causes (A) glycogen to break down to glucose inthe liver (B) glycogen to break down to glucose in the muscles (©) amino acids and glycerol to be converted to glucose (D) increased release of glucose into the blood when itisneeded ‘One activity that is NOT an example of a . negative feedback is the regulation of (A) _ pulserate (B) —bloodsugar (©) bloodpressure . (D) body temperature Item 27 refers to the drawings below which show sections through a nephron, Which figure BEST represents a section through the proximal convoluted tubule? aol ® © mW @) WWaT Item. 28 refers to the table below which Item 30 refers to the diagram below showing shows volume of water reabsorbed in the the gap between two neurones. different regions of the human kidney nephrons. The total volume of filtrate produced by the glomerulus is 180 litres per day. * Volume of water Region Gitres) reabsorbed i aie CO SN oe ° ; Proximaltubules | 147.0 Loop of Henlé 10.0 Distal tubules 192 Collecting ducts 22 30. Whereisacetyl choline stored and secreted? Stored | Secreted into 28. Whatis the volume of urine produced per day, wt 3 . inlitres? @) 1 A 16 ®) 22 ©} 2 3 © 24 @) |? a @) 1784 29. Glomerularfiltrate contains substances with 31, Which disease is appropriately matched with arelative molecular mass less than 68, 000. its category? Larger molecules, such as red blood cells and Proteins, are prevented from passing into the Disease Category nephron because of the (a), [ alps Hereditary (A) podocytes (B) | Stroke Degenerative ) glomerular pressure (©) capillary endothelium (© | Diabetes | Infectious (D) basement membrane (D) | Emphysema | Deficiency 32. Which ofthe following can be found inside the central core of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)? (A) DNAonly (B) DNAandRNA (©) DNA and reverse transcriptase : (D) RNA and severse transcriptase F | De33, 34, 36. -8- The condition that is NOT caused by 36. malnotition is (A) obesity (8) marasmus (©) emphysema (D) —_kwashiorkor » ‘Item 34 refers to the following diagram, x ‘Stem cells Z Blymphocytes T lymphocytes Antibodies 1 humoral n om fcomune response: cel mediated immune response ‘The structure labelled Y is (A) alymph node (B) —thethymus gland (©) thehypothalamus (D) red bone marrow 37. In an effort to save the life of a friend, a man donated one of his kidneys. However, soine (ime afterthe implantation, the kidney was ‘ejected. This type of immune response is (A) natural and active (B) natural and passive (Cc) artificial and active @) jal and passive In some situations the body's immune re- sponse is very specific and targeted; in other situations itis not. Which ofthe following is! ‘are NOT part of the body's nonspecific response system? (A) Neutrophils (8) Macrophages (© Inflammation (D) Antibodies ‘tem_37 refers to the following information. ‘Twotypes of immunity are investigated ‘inpa- tients suffering from tetanus. Person X is injected with antibodies to the disease. i Person Y is injected with a vaccine and produces antibodies as a result. Blood samples are removed from both people at regular intervals. ‘The results are shown on the graph below. Antibody 35 concentration 29 (arbitrary > units) 4% 10 Time of injection ‘Time (days) ‘The types of immunity being investigated are (A) passive natural and active natural (B) passive artificial and active artificial (©) active natural and passive artificial (D) _ activeartificial and active natural38. 39. 40. -9- Which of the following isNOTa methodof 44. transmission of the HIV? (A) Sexual intercourse (B) Sharing intravenous needles (©) Breastfeeding or breast milk —g. (D) Gene transfer from mother to foetus The monomers tbat make up the heavy and light chains ofan antibody molecute are joined by (A) peptide bonds (B) hydrogen bonds (©) glycosidic bonds 42, (D) _isulphide bonds Body Mass Index (BMI) is now used as a simple means of absessing obesity. Which of the following formulae is used to calculate BM? Height (m) (AD) Body mass® (kg) Body mass (kg) 43. B) Height (m) Body Mass (kg) © Fame j Body! mass (kg) (©) Ageof individual(yrs) ‘A runner prepares for six months to run a marathon, by exercising for three hours daily. This MOST likely results in an increase in 1. cardiac output 1. tidal volume UL muscle size IV. blood pressure (A) IandIlonly ®) Mand itt only © I, IIL and IV only, (D) 11, Mand IV only Dengue fever is caused by a (A) virus transmitted by the Aedes mosquito (B) virus transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito (© plasmodinm transmitted by the Aedes mosquito (D) _ plasmodium transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito Which of the following is a mutagen and causes cancer? (A) Tar (B) Alcohol (©) Nicotine (D) Carbon monoxideET 10+ ‘tem 44 refers to the following diagram which shows the changes in antibody concentration in the blood during primary and seconday responses. i —— ! 2 | i 4 | Tat Te | , st 44, These responses are MOST likely caused by (A) antigens ms (B) antibiotics (©) antitoxins (D) antioxidants 45. One effect of alcohol consumption is that it | ~ (A) _ inhibits the release of ADH | (B) _ increases the release of ADH (C) increases sexual performance | (D) increases muscular coordination IF YOUFINISH BEFORE TIMEIS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ONTHISTEST. 02207010/CAPE 2010Item 1 refers to the following diagram 2. ‘which represents a chloroplast. ‘The electrons from non-cyclic photophos- ~ phorylation pass into the Calvin Cycle via (A) ATP. (B) FAD 1 (© NADP Wi ] (©) NADH, Vy Vie Vv Ribulose biphosphate carboxylase can be found in Region @ 1 @ © Ww @) WW Item 3 refers to the reaction scheme below which shows the dark reaction pathway of the Calvin Cycle occurring for about 20 seconds. Carbon dioxide CO, Ribulose bisphosphate Which of the following correctly identifies the compounds, X and Y? x Y (A) Phosphoglyceric acid Triose phosphate (B) _Triose phosphate Phosphoglyceric acid (C) Simple sugars Proteins (D) Acetyl CoA Suceinic acid cnmunamumamer nach ooh»-3- The yield of greenhouse crops is higher 5. than that of field crops, due to increased photosyntheticactivity by the plants. Which of the following factors may contribute to this? 1. Constant application of farmyard manure Tl. Rotation of plants Ml Humid air and moist soil conditions IV. Higher than average carbon dioxide levels (A) Land Donly (B) and I only (©) and iV only (D) Mand IV only. 6 Which of the following substances are present in the matrix of a mitochondrion? 1. Glucose Il, Adenosine diphosphate I, Adenosine triphosphate IV. Acetyl co-enayme A. (A) Land Il only (B) MandIllonly (©) U, land IV only (PD) Li, MandIv During aerobic respiration in mammals, pynuvic acid is (A) used in the Kreb’s Cycle (B) converted to lactic acid (C)__ used to synthesise glycogen (@)__ one of the products of the Kreb’s Cycle germinating seeds. Glass tubing of 2 mm internal diameter Germinating seeds Which of the following statements explain why the apparatus is left in the water for five minutes before readings are taken? 1. Toallow water to fill the capillary tube, ne To stabilise the pressure of the ap- paratus, Ml. To stabilise the temperature of the apparatus. IV. The seeds needed to adjust to ex- perimental temperature. (A) Tand 11 only (B) Mand Ill only (©) Il, Mand IV only ©) 1,0, and Iv refer to the apparatus below which is set up to determine the rate of respiration of |_—-Shaliow tray of water | Water in tube Position of meniscus Anotherset of apparatus is setup in exactly the same way but glass beads are used tead of germinating peas. The purpose of the apparatus with the beads is to (A) serve as a control (B) measure oxygen taken up (C) _ measure carbon dioxide produced (D) _ showthet germinating seedsabsorb carbon dioxide GO ON TO THR NEXT PAGR.10. -4e Item 9 refers to the diagram below which shows how energy flows in an ecosystem. Sunligh Y Grass + Grasshopper —> Lizard > Hawk At which of the following stages is the MOST energy lost? (A) Lizard > hawk (B) — Sunlight — grass (©) Grass — grasshopper (D) Grasshopper lizard In the 1950's, G. F. Gause observed that two species of flour beetle, Tribolium con- fusum and Tribolium castaneum, survived well on their own. However, when they ‘were put together, only one of the species survived, This resulted in the hypothesis called Gause’s Competitive Exclusion Principle which states that no two species can co-exist if they occupy the same (A) niche (B) habitat (©) ecosystem (D) environment u. 12. 13. Item 11 refers to an ocean food pyramid The number in brackets represents the weight of the organism. ‘Trophic Level 5 ON The percentage of energy available for transfer to a person eating 0.5 kilograms of tuna is approximately (A) 1% @) 5% © 10% ©) 20% Which sequence correctly represents the action of nitrifying bacteria? (A) Ammonium — nitrite — nitrate “(B) Nitrite — nitrate > ammonium (©) Nitrogen — nitrate > nitrite (D) Nitrate — ammonium — nitrogen ‘The number and range of different species found in an ecosystem are called its (A) biotic factors (B) abiotic factors (©) species diversity (D) — community4 15. esis Which of the following are NOT conserva- tem 16 refers to the diagram below which tion methods used to maintain biodiversity? ‘shows a transverse section of a typical dicotyledonous root. 1 Gene bank Tl. Botanic garden ul. Protected reserve IV. Endangered species 1 (A) Land If only nt (B) 1, and Il only ml (©) TMand IV only @) I, I, Hand IV Iv Item 15 refers to the diagram below that shows a simple food web. nn 16. ‘The Casparian strip is found in the layer x camivorons labelled ‘water beetle ra Co @ 1 (B) Be Q w Which of the following organisms is oO WwW INCORRECTLY identified with its trophic level? Item 17 refers to the diagram below which (A) — Green protoctist- primary producer shows three.adjacent plant cells, I, Il and (8) Herbivorous protoctist - primary IIL The values of their water potentials are producer ‘given in kPa. (©) Carnivorous water beetle - secondary consumer (D) —Camivorous water beetle - tertiary NG ‘conse 1 0 1 17. In which direction would there be a NET flow? (A) 130 andi > m0 ®) MI andi st © U>Mad tt ©) M40 andl 1 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEQQ) 18, 19. -6- The function of the companion cell in ma- ture phloem tissue is to (A) provide structural support for the sieve tubes (B) provide a nucleus needed for cell division of the sieve tube elements (C) move sucrose against a concentra- tion gradient into the xylem (D) actively move sucrose out of neigh- bouring photosynthesizing cells to the sieve tubes Item 19 refers to the following three- dimensional diagram of part of aplant stem. Which labelled part is living but lacks a ucleus? “A 1 ®) ou ©. w @ W 20, a. 23. ‘The tunica externa found in the walls of certain blood vessels is made up of MAINLY (A) elastic fibres (B) collagen fibres (C) smooth muscle (D) squamous epithelium The first sound in the cardiac cycle is caused by the (A) closing of the semi-lunar valves (B) opening of the semi-lunar valves (©) closing of the atrio-ventricular valves (D) opening of the atrio-ventricular valves Item 22 refers to the following diagram of the heart and associated blood vessels. Y a ‘The inferior vena cava is represented by (A) 1 ® © mW © wv Which of the following structures must be stimulated to increase heart rate? (A) Vena cava (B) Cardiac muscle (©) Sino-atrial node (D) Atrio-ventricular nodeItem 24 refers to the graph below which shows the sigmoid (S-shaped) dissociation curve for haemoglobin of a human adult 100 = wo. Haemoglobin © satiation (%) 0 20 °. Oras «es 678 9 : * Partial pressure of oxygen (tP8) 24, During cycling, the partial pressure of oxy- gen found in the pulmonary vein leaving the lungs and in a vein leaving a muscle is MOST likely PO, (KPa) in] pO, (kPa) in pulmonary vein | pulmonary vein leaving lungs | leaving muscle (A) 0 12 ®) 2 2 © 6 6 ©) 12 2 28. diabetic administers an injection of insu- lin into the body. How does this lead to a lowering of blood glucose concentration? (A) By decreasing the permeability of cells to glucose (B) _ By increasing the excretion of ‘glucose in the urine (©) By promoting the formation of the hormone glucagon in the pancreas (D) By promoting the synthesis of polysaccharides from absorbed glucose 26. SS 21. Bananas produced in the Caribbean are exported to markets all over the world. ‘The bananas are harvested mature but still green, yet must arrive at the markets ready toeat. Which of the following procedures ensures thatthe fruitisstill marketableafter shipping? (a) @) © Ethylene application and chilling uring shipping Storage of the fruit in chillers with minimum lighting Use ofcarbon dioxide during ship- ping and ethylene application later Storage of the fruit in chillers followed by increased tempera- ‘ture when approaching port ©) Item 27 refers to the following diagram of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule of anephron. x ——> If the diameter of the blood vessel is made smaller at X, a possible outcome is that @) @) © @) the rate of ultrafiltration will be increased the rate of ultrafiltration will be decreased water re-absorption will be decreased the rate of urine production will be reduced GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE ee28. 29, 38: Item 28 refers to the table below which shows volume of water reabsorbed in the different regions of the human kidney nephrons. The total volume of filtrate produced by the glomerulus is 180 litres per day. ‘Volume of water Region (litres) reabsorbed per day Proximal tubules] 147.0 Loop of Henlé 100 Distal tubules 192 Collecting ducts 22 What is the volume of urine produced per day, in litres? @ 16 ®) 22 = (C24 ©) 1784 Item 29 refers to the diagram below showing the gap between two neurones. 31. Psd oo ° 2 Whereis acetyl choline stored and secreted? Stored Secreted into ay 1 3 ® 1 4 © 2 3 © 2 4 _ tem 30 refers tothe following diagram of a neurone, i Mi. Iv- Which region assists in speeding up the conduction of nerve impulses? a) ®) I © m ©) W AIDS is caused by a (A) retrovirus @) thinovirus (©) bacterium @) protozoan A disease that develops slowly and persists for a long time is BEST described as (A) acute (B) chronic (C) degenerative (D) self-inflicted33. 35. -9- ‘The organism that causes AIDS infects and destroyscells of the body's immune system so that their number gradually decreases. These cells are known as (A) lymphocytes (B) plasma cells (C)__ Thelper lymphocytes (D) Tmemory lymphocytes ‘Which ofthe followingstatementsisNOTan ‘explanation of the way in which antibodies ‘work to protect the body from pathogens? (A) They cause agglutination of bacteria (B) ‘They combine with viruses preventing them from damaging cells (©) They coat bacteria preventing phagocytes from ingesting them. (D) They attach to flagella of the bacteria making them easier for phagocytes to digest. Item 35 refers to the following diagram. x ‘Which’of the following correctly identifies the structure labelled X in the diagram? (A) Hinge region (B) Variable region (©) Disulphide bridge (D) Light polypeptide chain 36. 37. Item 36 refers to the following diagram. Stem cells IT tymphocytes | I 1 or cell-mediated immune response response The structure labelled ¥ is (A) alymph node (B) _ the thymus gland (©) the hypothalamus (PD) _ red bone marrow Which of the following is tre for mast cells? (A) They are found in lymph nodes only. (B) They are the smallest circulating granulocytes. (©) They are large granuloctyes which engulf pathogens. (D) They contain many granules rich in histamine and heparin. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.38. 39. -10- Item 38 refers to the following diagram of the structure of the human immunodeficiency virus. Surface glycoprotein RNA Capsid (protein capsomeres) Lipid bilayer envelope The components of the virus which are considered to be important in producing a vaccine against the virus are the (A) @) © @) RNA and capsid RNA and surface glycoprotein capsid and lipid bilayer envelope surface glycoprotein and the lipid bilayer envelope Avmunner prepares for six months to run 40.‘ Body Mass Index (BMI) is now used as a ‘a marathon, by exercising for three hours simple means of assessing obesity. Which daily. This MOST likely results in an of the following formulae is used to calcu- increase in late BMI? 1. cardiac output IL tidal volume @) Hei TM. muscle strength Body mass" (kg) IV. blood pressure ®) Body mass (kg) (A) 1, Tand Ill only ‘Height (m) (B) 1, Mand IVonly (©) 1, Mand IV only oO Body mass (kg) () 0, Wand IV only Height (m") oy Body mass (kg) ‘Age of individuals (yrs)lle 41, Injecting virusantigensintothebodyresults 44. _It is believed that tar in cigarette smoke in causes (A) natural immunity (A) __ theblood platelets to become sticky (B) artificial immunity (B) more adrenaline to be released into (C)_ anantigenic drift the blood (D) _ anantigenic shift (C)__ blockage in blood vessels, resulting in less oxygen being transported (D) _ increased secretion of mucus from 42. Which of the following is NOT a possible ‘goblet cells in the epithelium cause of hypertension? (A) Arthritis 45, Which of the following BEST describes (B) Kidney disease tolerance, a form of physical drug (C) Atherosclerosis dependence? (©) High levels of aldosterone (A) Asevere craving for a drug which interferes with a person's ability 43, One effect of alcohol consumption is that it to function normally (8) Characterized by the continued (A) inhibits the release of ADH desire for a drug, even after (B) increases the release of ADH physical dependence is gone (C) increases sexual performance (©) Develops in persons who have used (D) increases muscular coordination large quantities of substances such as alcohol and barbiturates (P) Occurs when the body becomes accustomed to a drug and requires ever-increasing amounts to achieve the same effect IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST. i 02207010/CAPE 2011FORM TP2012146 CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION TT PRINT your ame on then below and return his beac withthe Answer Sheet. Failure to dove may rv in dquaication test cove 02207010 MAY/TUNE 2012 BIOLOGY - UNIT 2 Paper 01 90 minutes READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS (CAREFULLY. ‘This test consists of 45 items. You will have 90 minutes to answer them. In addition to this test booklet, you should have an answer sheet. Do not be concerned that the answer sheet provides spaces for more answers than there are items in this test. Each item in this test has four suggested answers lettered (A), (B), (C), (D). Read each item you are about to answer and decide which choice is best. ‘On your answer sheet, find the number which corresponds to your item and shade the space having the same letter as the answer you have chosen. Look at the sample item below. ‘Sample Item ‘Which of the following is NOT a form of energy storage? (a) Ate Sample Answer (B) Lipid (C) Alcohol e@®O®O () —_Lacticacid ‘The best answer to this item is “ATP” , so answer space (A) has been shaded. Ifyou want to change your answer, erase it completely and fill in your new choice. ‘When you are told to begin, tum the page and work as quickly and as carefully as you can. Ifyou cannot answer an item, omit it and go on to the next one, Your score will be the total ‘number of correct answers. You may do any rough work in this booklet. Figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. ‘The use of silent, non-programmable calculators is allowed. DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO St“2s Item 1 refers to the following diagram which represents a chloroplast. 7) Mn 1 wo. w Ribulose biphosphate carboxylase can be found in region (A) I @) wu © mW © WwW Item 2 refers to the following diagram which outlines the events of the Calvin cycle. GP (PGA) [-—" =" ae Phosphate Phosphate >| sea a Which of the stages labelled I - IV on the diagram represents the stage at which carbon dioxide is incorporated into the cycle? @ 1 ® © m © WWWhich of the following combinations correctly describes the MAIN factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis? Light intensity and temperature TI. Carbon dioxide concentration and state of the stomata I. NAD and ATP availabil IV. _ Phytochromes and the availability of ions (A) Tand Ionly ®) [and Il only (©) 1, Wendi only ©) 1,0, UlandIv The yield of greenhouse crops is higher than that of field crops, due to increased photosyntheticactivity by theplants. Which of the following factors may contribute to this? I. Constant application of farmyard ‘manure I Humid airand moist soil conditions I. Rotation of plants TV. Higher than average carbon dioxide levels, Tand Il only Tand II only Mand IV only MI and IV only 5 refers to the following diagram which shows some cells in the leaves of a dicotyledonous plant. Which of the following correctly identifies the regions labelled P and Q? Region P| Region Q (A) [Xylem Mesophyil cells B)__ [Xylem [Root cortex © Phloem | Palisade (©) [Phloem | Stem cortex In muscle tissue undergoing strenuous contractions, the formation oflactateis due tothe (A) low concentration of glucose (B) __lowconcentration of oxygen (©) _hiigh concentration of glycogen (©) high concentration of carbon dioxidewhe Item 7. refers to the following apparatus which is set up to determine the rate of respiration of germinating seeds. Glass tubing of ‘2mm internal diameter Germinating seeds Which of the following statements explain why the apparatus is left in the water for five minutes before readings are taken? L it Im. Vv. (A) @) © @) In anaerobic respiration, the maximum number of ATP molecules that may be To allow water to fill the capillary tube. To stabilise the pressure of the apparatus. To stabilise the temperature of the apparatus. ‘The seeds needed to adjust to experimental temperature. Tand Il only Tand If only I, IIT and IV only 1,0, Ul and IV produced from a molecule of glucose is 2 Sunlight i) ®) © @) 4 34 ‘Item? refers to the diagram below which shows how energy flows in an ecosystem. L 38 [Grass] Grasshopper]-[Lizard] > [Haws 9. At which of the following stages is the ‘MOST energy lost? (a) @) © @) Lizard > hawk Sunlight > grass Grass —> grasshopper Grasshopper — lizard GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE“Te 20- Which of the following statements is true Item 22 refers to the following diagram of according to the mass (pressure) flow some components of blood. hypothesis? © (A) Sucrose moves in the phloem o 0 © against a concentration gradient. | (B) The loading of sugars into the i phloem in the leaf is achieved bby osmosis, \ (©) Asource isa site where sugars are utilized, while a sink is a site where sugars are produced, (D) Water is actively transported from the intercellular spaces into the 22, The cel labelled X in the diagram above is | cell sap at the root end of the | system. (A) aplatetet (8) amonocyte (©) anerythrocyte Item_21 refers to the following @) neutrophil electronmicrograph which shows amature sieve tube element and adjacent structures. ‘Which of the following structures must be stimulated to increase heart rate? (A) Vena cava (B) Cardiac muscle (C)_— Sinoatrial node () Atrioventricular node Item 24 refers to the following diagram of the heart and associated blood vessels. 21. The structure labelled X is ve (A) aplastid 1 C (B) _ thesieve pore (©) the sieve plate (D) a companion cell 24, The inferior vena cava is labelled as (a) ®) © @) 28H10. uu. 12. Item 10 refers to the following pyramid of numbers. | Which of the following food chains would MOST likely create the pyramid ofnumbers represented above? (A) Decayed leaf -> earthworms > small birds ~> large birds (B) Tree > aphids — birds > fleas (C) Tree» ants ~ lizards — birds (D) — Decayed leaf — bacteria —> fleas > bird The two MAIN products of oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondrion are (A) ATPand water (B) NAD and FAD (C) oxygen and water (D) hydrogen and oxygen Which of the following describes an ecosystem? (A) Producers + consumers + decomposers + non-living ‘component (B) Producers + decomposers + habitats + non-living component (©) Producers + consumers + habitats + non-living component (D) Consumers + decomposers + habitats ++ non-living component B. 14. 15, ‘The number and range of different species found in an ecosystem are called its (A) biotic factors (B) abiotic factors ©) species diversity (D) community Which of the following statements describes the function of denitrifying bacteria in the nitrogen cycle? (A) Splitthe nitrogen molecule to form nitrites. (B) Split nitrogen molecules to form ammonium. (© Convertammonium compounds to nitrates. () Convert nitrates to atmospheric nitrogen. Which of the following are true about biodiversity? I. Variety of species on earth. I. Can be defined at the genetic level. TI May be defined at the ecosystem level. TV. _ Relates only to endangered species. (A) I, land If only B) 1, Mand IVonly (©) 1, Wand IV only () 11, Mand IV only16. -6- Item_16 refers to the following diagram which showsa transverse sectionofatypical dicotyledonous root ‘The Casparian strip is found in the layer labelled (a) I ® uu © mW © Ww Item 17 referstothe darkly staining material labelled X in Figure I, which is often found as the inner layer of Structure Y in Figure Figure II si ‘What is the identity of X? (A) — Starch (®) Lignin (© Callose (D) Cellulose item 18 refers to the following diagram which shows three adjacent plant cells I, IT and IIT. The values oftheir water potentials are given in kPa. 19. In which direction would there be a NET flow of water? @ 130 adit > @) Us1 adit © > Mad ot © Mota st Item 19 refers to the following three- dimensional diagram ofpartofplantstem. ‘Which labelled part is living but lacks a nucleus? @ 1 ® iw © Ww @ WwW GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE26. 21. -8- The result of an increase in insulin production is, (A) an increase in cell permeability to glucose B) 8 fall in glucose conversion to slycogen (©) amincrease in blood glucose sugar levels (D) an increase in conversion of glycogen to glucose Bananas produced in the Caribbean are exported to markets all over the world. ‘The bananas are harvested mature but still green, yet must arrive at the markets ready to eat. Which of the following procedures ensures that the fruitisstill marketableafter shipping? 1c) Ethylene application and chilling during shipping (B) Storage of the fruit in chillers with ‘minimum lighting (© Use of carbon dioxide during shipping and ethylene application later Storage of the fruit in chillers followed by increased tempera- ture when approaching port @) Which of the following structural features prevents molecules, with a molecular mass greater than 68 000, passing from the glomerular capillaries into Bowman's capsule? (A) The basement membrane of the epithelial cell of Bowman's capsule (B) The cell surface membrane of the endothelial cells ofthe capillaries (© The cell surface membrane of the epithelial cells of the Bowman's capsule ‘The spaces between the extensions of the podocytes of Bowman’s capsule @) 28. 29. ‘Thespeedof transmission of anerve impulse is affected by the (A) strength of the impulse (B) concentration of acetyl choline (©)__ presence of the myelin sheath (D) amount of K* that enters the neurohe Item 29 refers to the following diagram which showsthe gap betweentwoneurones. Whereisacetyl choline stored and secreted? Stored | Secreted into (A) 1 3 @) 1 4 © 2 3 om [2 4 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEItem 30 refers to the following diagram of Item 33 refers to the following diagram. a neurone. Stem cells Y Ir { t Blymphocytes || T lymphocytes | | m Antibodies 7 inmne celi-mediated reponse immune Vv response 33. Which ofthe following correctly identifies 30. Which region assists in speeding up the the structure labelled ¥? conduetion of nerve impulses? (A) Lymph node @ ot (B) Thymus gland @) om (© Hypothalamus © m (@) Redbone marrow @ WwW 34. Which of the following statements is 31. AIDS is caused by a NOT an explanation of the way in which antibodies work to protect the body from (A) retrovirus pathogens? (B) rhinovirus (©) bacterium (A) They cause agglutination of () protozoan bacteria. ®) They combine with viruses preventing them from damaging 32. Which of the following diseases is MOST cells. appropriately matched to its category? (© They coat bacteria preventing phagocytes from ingesting them. Disease] Category (D) They attach to the flagella of bacteria making them easier for (A) [AIDS Hereditary phagocytes to digest. (B) | Stroke Degenerative (© [Diabetes [Infectious (D) [Emphysema | Deficiency35. 36, =10- Which of the following are common uses of monoclonal antibodies? 1. Prevention of transplant rejection II _ Early diagnosis of cholera IIL. Tissue typing for transplants IV. Pregnancy testing (A) Land ii only (8) 1, Mand IV only (©) I, Mand IV only () 1,0, and Iv Item 36 refers to the following diagram which shows antibody levels in blood serum after exposure to a particular antigen. First exposure to antigen V 100 50 Days Which of the following immunoglobulins is/are important in the body's firstresponse toan antigen? (A) eG (®) Ie (©) IgMand IgG (D) IgGand IgM GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE37. 38. si Item37 refersto the following information. ‘Two types of immunity are investigated in patients suffering from tetanus. Person X is injected with antibodies to the disease. Person Y is injected with vaccine and produces antibodies as a result. Blood samples are removed from both patients at regular intervals. ‘The results are shown on the graph below. To 1s 2 7 Time of injection ‘Time (days) ‘The types of immunity being investigated are (A) passive natural, active natural (B) active artificial, active natural (©) __ active natural, passive artificial (D) passive artifical, active artificial Which of the following is NOT a reason why energy requirements differ in people from birth to old age? ‘The amount of activity varies with ‘occupation. ) (B) Metabolic rate reduces with age. (©) Gender makes no difference to energy needs. (D) As persons age they may be less active. 39. 4. ‘Arunner prepares for six months to run @ ‘marathon by exercising for three hours daily ‘This MOST likely results in an increase in ZRRe @) ®) © ©) cardiac output tidal volume muscle size blood pressure Tand Il only 1, Hand I only I, Wl and IV only U, I and IV only Fatty deposits in arteries can contribute to strokes and heart disease. This condition is called (A) arthritis (B) thrombosis (©) arteriosclerosis (D) atherosclerosis Which of the following correctly identifies the causative agent and the mode of transmission of dengue fever? Causative Mode of ‘Agent | ‘Transmission A Virus ‘Vector (B) | Bacterium Vector (© |__ Virus ‘Airbome () | Bacterium Airborne-12- 42, After regular consumption of alcohol, fat 44. __It is believed that tar in cigarette smoke accumulates in the liver. Which of the causes following provides an explanation for this? (A) __theblood plateletsto become sticky (A) Alcohol provides a substrate forthe (B) more adrenaline to be released into synthesis of fat molecules in the the blood liver. (C)__ blockage in blood vessels, resulting (B) Alcohol damages liver cells, so in less éxygen being transported they cannot convert fat into (D) increased secretion of mucus from lipoproteins. ‘goblet cells in the epithelium (©) Alvoholacts asa buffer for fat, and absorbs the fat and stores it. (D) Alcohol is used by liver cells in 45. Which of the following interventions preference to fat, as an energy would be appropriate to include in an AIDS source. prevention programme? (A) Aoone-time lecture on the morals, 43, Which of the following BEST describes of sex outside of marriage tolerance, a form of physical drug (B) _ Basic education regarding the facts dependence? on HIV transmission (©) Providing information about (A) Assevere craving for a drug which personal hygiene interferes with a person's ability (D) Publishing information on drugs to function normally used in the treatment of AIDS (8) Characterized by the continued desire for a drug, even after physical dependence is gone (©) Developsin persons who have used large quantities of substances such as alcohol and barbiturates (P) Occurs when the body becomes accustomed to a drug and requires ever-increasing amounts to achieve the same effect END OF TEST IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST. 02207010/CAPE 2012rest cove 02207010 MAYJUNE 2013 FORM TP2013146 > CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION? BIOLOGY - UNIT2 Paper 01 ‘T hour 30 minutes READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY. ML This test consists of 45 items. You will have J hour and 30 minutes to answer them. 2, In addition to this test booklet, you should have an answer sheet. 3. Do not be concerned that the answer sheet provides spaces for more answers than there are _ items in this est. 4, Each item in this test has four suggested answers lettered (A), (B), (C), (D). Read each item ‘you are about to answer and decide which choice is best. 5. On your answer sheet, find the number which corresponds to your item and shade the space having the same letter as the answer you have chosen, Look atthe sample item below. ‘Sample Item I ‘Which of the following is NOT a form of . { energy storage? (ATP (B) Lipid (©) Aleohot (D) Lactic acid “The best answer to this item is “ATP , so answer space (A) has been shaded, Ifyou want to change your answer, erase it completely and fill in your new choice. ‘When you are tld to begin, tum the page and work as quickly and as carefully as you can, lf you cannot answer an item, omit it and go on to the next one, Your score will be the total number of correct answers. 8. You may do any rough work inthis booklet. 9. Figures aré not necessarily. drawn to scale, 10, The use of non-programmable calculators is allowed. DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. Copyright © 2011 Caribbean Examinations Counci Alltights reserved, UO LEMTEN LMT 02207010/CAPE 2013Item. refers to the following diagram which shows the structure of a chloroplast. w x Y Zz 1. The photosystems are located in the structure labelled (A) W ®) Xx © ¥ @) Zz 2. The role of the antenna complex in Photosystems I and I! is to (A) produce oxygen (B) regenerate RuBP (C)__ produce carbohydrates (D) collect light energy ‘tem 3 refers to the following diagram which outlines the events of the Calvin cycle, Carbon dioxide CO, x lol y ai cress [>| Suarch Ribulose bisphosphate 3. Which of the following correctly identifies the compounds, X and Y? x Y (A) Phosphoglyceric acid Triose phosphate (B) _Triose phosphate Phosphoglyceric acid (©) Simple sugars Proteins (©) Acetyl CoA Suecinie acid GOON TO THE NEXT PAGE O2207010/CAPE 2013-3- 4, The yield of greenhouse erops is higher 7. Which ofthe following contributes MOST than that of field erops, due to increased electrons to the electron transport chain? photosynthetic activity by the plants, Which of the following factors MOST likely (A) Glycolysis ‘contribute to this? {B) Kreb’s cycle (©) Calvin oycle 1. Constant application of farmyard (D) Fermentation manure Tl. Rotation of plants Ill, Humidairand moistsoil conditions ‘tem. refers tothe following flow diagram TV. Higherthan average carbon dioxide which shows the pathways involved in levels anaerobic respiration in yeast. (A) Land Monly (B) Land Il only Glucose (©) Hand IV only (D) Wand TV only 1 ‘ Pyruvate 5. Mitochondria in muscle have more cristae a than mitochondria in skin cells. What is ——. ——. the significance ofthis? —.________ — (A) Increased surface area for sorption of pyruvate for ATP production (B) Increased surface area for Kreb's cycle reactions 8. Which of the stages, labelled 1, 2 and 3, (©) __Steeper hydrogen ion concentration involve(s) decarboxylation? ‘syadient in the mitochondria (D) More ATP-ase for ATP production (A) Jonly (B) 2only (©) Land2 only 6 During aerobic respiration in mammals, (D) 2and3 only pyruvic acid is (A) _ used inthe Kreb's cycle (B) converted to lactic acid (©) used to synthesise glycogen (D) one of the products of the Kreb's eyele . a3 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEItem 9 refers to the following two types of biological pyramids, labelled X and Y, hich represent different parameters of a Item 11 refers to the following diagram which shows the nitrogen cycle. 10. Which of the following correctly identifies the pyramids and the appropriate FIRST trophic level? x Y ‘| First Trophle Level (A) [Number [Biomass | Evergreen tree (B) | Biomass | Number | Phytoplankton (©) | Biomass | Number | Evergreen tree (Dy tNumber-| Biomass | Phytoplankton} Inthe 1950's, G.F Gause observed that two species of flour beetle, Tribolium confusum and Tribolium castaneum, survived well on their own. However, when they were put together, only one of the species survived. ‘Thisresultedin thehypothesiscalled Gauses Competitive Exclusion Principle which states that no two species can co-exist if they occupy the same (A) niche (B) habitat (©) ecosystem (D) environment 2, (0220701 0/CAPE 2013, © particular food chain. “Kimospherie altrogen 1 1 2 3 ‘Ammonia [Lf nitrites >| Nitrates U x y 11. Atwhich stage does denitrification occur? @) @) © @) Item 12 refers to the following diagram which is @ schematic summary of the ‘operational processes in an ecosystem, ( atten shied Lane See “Srecheie The artow labelled X MOST likely represents (A) energy flow (B) water flow (©) recycling of faecal wastes (D) positive feedback mechanisms GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE,13, The number and range of different species Item 16 refers to the following diagram found in an ecosystem are called its whichshowsatransversesectionofa typical dicotyledonous root (A) biotic factors (B) abiotic factors (©) species diversity {D) community 14, Which ofthe following does NOT explain how deforestation might increase the risk of flooding? (A) The water cycle is disrupted. (B) Tree roots bind soil particles together, (©) Tree canopy prevents rain beating, down on the soil, 16, The Casparian strip is found in the layer (P) Soit nutrients are lost through labelled leaching and run-off water. a) ot —_—_. —— —® 40 15. Which of the following is NOT (© im conservation. method used to maintain (0) Iv biodiversity? (A) Sperm bank 17. Ina study of water movement in plants, (8) Botanic garden the cut end of a leafy shoot is placed in a (©) Protected reserve dilute solution of a dye. After a few hours, (D) Genetic engineering deposits ofthe dyeaccumulateintheleaves. The rate of movement of the dye up the stem is NOT increased by (A) humidity (B) wind speed (©) temperature (D) darkness G0 ON: (02207010/CAPE 2013 EO TERETE-6- {tem 18 refers to the following three-dimensional diagram of part of a plant stem, 18. Which labelled part contains rough endoplasmic reticulum? a ot (Bs) 0 © om o wv 19. Which of the following statements is true according to the mass (pressure) flow hypothesis? (A) Sucrose moves in the phloem against a concentration gradient. (B) The loading of sugars into the phloem in the leaf is achieved by osmosis. (©) Asource isa site where sugars are utilized, while a sink isa site where sugars.are produced. (D) Water is actively transported from the intercellular spaces into the cell sap atthe root end of the system, 20. The tunica externa found in the walls of arteries and veins is made up of MAINLY (A) Glastic fibres (B) collagen fibres (C) smooth muscle (©) squamous epithetium GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (2207010/CAPB 2013-T- Item 21 refers to the following graph which shows changes in blood pressure in the left ventricle during the cardiac cycle, 16. 4 2 10 Blood pressure 8 21, Valves open and close due to changes in pressure, Which of the following labels, I, , IU and IV, correctly identifies the point on the graph when the aortic valve closes? Ca @) - 7 © mW ©) Ww Item 22 refers to the following diagram of the heart and associated blood vessels. vy 22. The inferior vena cava is represented by a) or @) 0 © Wm @ Ww GOON TO THE NEXT PAGE (02207010/CAPE 2013-8- 23. Which ofthe following structures must be 25. Which of the following is an example of stimulated to increase heart rate? positive feedback? (A) Vena cava (A) Temperature regulation (B) Cardiac muscle (B) Blood glucose regulation (©) Sino-atrial node (©) Generation of an action potential (D) Atrio-ventricular node (D) Regulation of water levels in the body by ADH Item24 refers tothe following graph which shows the sigmoid (S-shaped) dissociation 26. When a decrease in normal blood glucose curve for haemoglobin of a human adult. concentration is detected, Hormone X is secreted. What is Hormone X and precisely iw ‘where is it produced? i ® Hormone | Location Produced x Ze « (A) [Insulin | acells in pancreas i i ms H (B)_[Insulin | Beelis in pancreas EE « si tt | {to [etueagon [acetisinpancreas | x» (©) [Glucagon |B cells in pancreas ttt risa sepa swe js tem 27 refers tothe following diagram of Paral pressure of oxygen (XP8) the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule of 24. During eycling, the partial pressure of oxy- ehoghion ‘gen found in the pulmonary vein leaving x ‘the lungs and ina vein leaving a muscle is >. > MOST likely pO, (KPa)in | pO, (KPa) in Pulmonary Vein | Vein Leaving Leaving Lungs | Mnscle a] ° B = @) 2 2 © 6 6 27. Ifthe diameter of the blood vessel is made ) 2 2 smaller at X, a possible outcome is that (A) the rate of ultrafiltration will increase (8) the rate of ultrafiltration will decrease: (C) water re-absorption will decrease (D) the rate of urine production will decrease na070101CAPE 2013 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE‘of asection ofa kidney nephron, drawn by student, aucleus brush border lumen 28, Thedrawing above MOST likely represents the (A) proximal convoluted tubule (B) distal convoluted tubule (C) loop of Henlé (D) collecting duct Item 29 refers tothe following diagram. | 30. Membrane potential (mV) 29. Diffusion of sodium ions into the axon ‘occurs at 31. @ 1 ® w © Ww o) Vv 32, (02207010/CAPE 2013, tem 30 refers to the following diagram of neurone. | is i Iv Which region assists in speeding up the conduction of necve impulses? (as) 1 ® ow © m @) Ww AIDS is caused by a (A) retrovirus (8) thinovirus (C) bacterium (D) protozoan A disease that develops slowly and persists for a long time is BEST described as (A) acute (8) chronic (C) degenerative (D) self-inflicted GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE,“10- 33. A highly malignant tumour linked to 37. Which of the following is true for mast ultraviolet radiation is a cells? (A) sarcoma (A) They are found in lymph nodes (8) melanoma only. : (C) lymphoma (8) They-are the smallest circulating (D) papilloma granulocytes. ; (©) They are large granuloctyes which engulf pattiogens. i ria ules rich 34. Which of the following types of lymp- (D) They contaitt many grant hocytes doNOTrelease lymphokines when in histamine and heparin. stimulated? (A) Killer Fells 38. Akey feature of monoclonal antibodies is (B) Helper T-cells that they are manufactured by (©) Memory T-cells (D) Suppressor T-cells (A) mast cells (B) cancer cells (C)__ one type of B-cell 35. The monomers that make up the heavy and (D) one type of T-cell light chains of an antibody molecule are joined by == — 9 Which ofthe followingisNOFanexample— ——. — (A) peptide bonds of the use of monoclonal antibodies? (B) hydrogen bonds © lycosidic bonds (A) Locating tumours (D) disulphide bonds (B) © Detécting:pregnancy (©) Diagnosing AIDS (D) Diagnosing dengue fever 36. Which of the following statements BEST describes the term immune response"? 40. Body Mass Index (BMI) may be used as (A) Formation of blood clots.to limit an inditator fot obesity. Which of the the entry of foreign organisms following BMI values BEST reftects that (B) Production of cells and substances of an obese individual? which recognize and eliminate foreign organisms (a) 25 (C) Secretion of mucus to trap foreign () 27 organisms at the skin © 2» (D) Recognition and protection of self- @) 31 cells 41. Injecting virusantigensintothe body results (A) natural immunity (8) attificial inamunity (C) anantigenic drift (O) —anantigenic shift GOONTOTHENEXT?, (20701 0/CAPE 2013 SeRneE TEAK | |Me 42, —— — L300 | 5.000 4a. Which of the following BEST describes the disease atherosclerosis? (A) Extensivedamageto the endothelial lining of the arteries Formation of large blood clots in arteries Build-up of plaque in the walls of arteries Calcification of the walls of arteries (8) © @ liem_43 refers to the following table which shows the number of cases of engue haemorthagic fever (per 100 000 inhabitants) reported in the Americas for 2001 and 2002. 2001, 2002 15,000. Which of the following represents the incidence rate for the period 2001 to 20027 (A) @) ©) @) 0.05 0.10 Os 0.20 END OF TEST 44, 45. It is believed that tar in cigarette smoke causes (A) the blood platelets to become sticky (B) _ moreadrenaline to be released into the blood (©) blockage in blood vessels, resulting in less oxygen being transported (D) increased secretion of mucus from goblet cells in the epithelium Which two stages of alcoholic liver disease are reversible? (A) Liver celis are replaced by fibrous scar tissue, and the liver becomes swollen and fatty. Liver becomes swollen and fatty, and inflammation of the liver. Liver cells are replaced by fibrous — scar tissue,and inflasaraation-of the liver. Liver becomes swollen and fatty, and liver cirrhosis. @®) © @) IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST. (02207010/CAPE 2013FORM TP2014143 3 test cope 02207010 ae MAY/JUNE 2014 CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION® BIOLOGY « UNIT! Paper 01 J hour 30 minutes 13 JUNE 3014 (a, READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY. ‘This test consists of 45 items. You will have | hour and 30 minutes to answer ther. In addition to this test booklet, you should have an answer sheet, Do not be concemed that the answer sheet provides spaces for more answers than there are iterns in this test. Bach item in this test has four suggested answers lettered (A), (B), (C), (D). Read each item you are about to answer and decide which choice is best. (On your answer sheet, find the number which corresponds to your item and shade the space having the same letter as the answer you have chosen. Look atthe sample item below, ‘Sample [tein Whion of the following Is NOT a form of ‘onorgy storage? (A) ATR ‘Sample Answer (B) Lipid OO (©) Aleohol The best answer to this item is “ATP” , so answer space (A) has been shaded, (D) Lactic acid Ifyou want to change your answer, erase it completely and fillin your new choice. When you are ‘old to begin, turn the page and work as quickly and as carefully as you can. Ifyou cannot answer an item, omit itand go on to the next one. Your score will be the tou number of correct answers. ‘You may do any rough work in this booklet. Figures aré not necessarily drawn to scale. ‘The use of non-programmable calculators is allowed. DO_NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. Copyright © 2011 Caribbean Examinations Council.Item. refersto the followingdiagram which shows the structure of a chloroplast. 1 ™ The photosysterns are located in which ofthe structures labelled I to LV? a) ot @) © m @ Ww The role of the antenna complex in Photosystems I and fis to (A) produce oxygen (B) regenerate RuBP (©) produce carbohydrates (D) collect light energy Which ofthe following occur in the Calvin cycle? (A) Fixation of carbon dioxide and production of ATP (B) Fixation of carbon dioxide and regeneration of RuBP (©) Oxidation of NADPH and Production of ATP (D) Reduction of NADP and regeneration of RUBP 02207010/CAPE 2014 photosynthesis 4. Rate of Item refers to the following graph which shows the effects of increasing light inten- sity on the rate of photosynthesis. Ligh intonslty At which of the stages Inbelled I, 1, Ii and TV would light be a limiting factor? () 1 ‘) © om (D2) WV Mitochondria in muscle have more cristae than mitochondria in skin cells. What is the significance of this? (A) Increased surface area for absorption of pyruvate for ATP production (B)__Steeperhydrogen ion concentration ‘gradient inthe mitochondria, (© Increased surface area for Kreb's cycle reactions (D) More ATP-ase for ATP production GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE6. Items 6-7 refer to the following “32 jiagram which shows an outline of glycolysis. Glucose stage (+X y Glucose 6-phosphate Stage2 y ‘Triose 3-phosphate Stage3 ¥ Pyruvate Stage 4 ¥ ‘Acetyl coenzyme A Which of the following is the name of Substance X? @) @) © @) Whi (A) ) ©) (0) ATP ADP NAD NADH ich of the following correctly identifies the location of Stage 4 in a eukaryotic cell? Cytoplasm Cristae of mitochondrion Matrix of mitochondrion Inter-membranal space of mitochondrionItems 8-9 refer to the following diagram which shows a simple respirometer. x Syringe eam drop 1 Glass Germinating tubing beans 8. The chemical at X is MOST likely 9. Which two of the following MOST likely explain the movement of the paraffin drop (A) sodium chloride towards the syringe? (B) sodium carbonate (©) potassium hydroxide 1. Oxygen is used by the beans. (D) potassium carbonate Il. Carbon dioxide is absorbed by X. Il, Oxygen is absorbed by X. IV. Carbon dioxide is absorbed by the beans. (A) Land tt 8) Land it (© Mandiv (©) Mand iv Item 10 refers to the following diagram of energy flow in a food chain. 1X10, 1000 Ky 2001 [Primary | 40k solar energy >] Antotrophs niniiaie carnivore carnivore Jone su jew Energy lost as heat, water products and uneaten parts 10. Which of the following would represent the total amount of energy acquired by the producer? @) 10k (B) 1 000ks (© 100003 (D) 100 000s GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02207010/CAPE 2014i. om ‘The way in which the specific environment is exploited by an organism is an appropriate definition for (A) ababitat (B) an ecosystem (©) atrophic level (D) an ovological niche Item 12 refers to the following information, Ticks are parasites of cows. A single cow can be parasitized by several thousand ticks. ‘A possible food chain involving ticks is as follows. Ce Cow Grass Which of the following would represent a pyramid of numbers based on the above food chain? “ 8) _] «) © I |13. Nitrate Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria Item_13 refers to°the following diagram which shows part of the nitrogen cycle. Nitrogen gas in 3 the atmosphere Proteln in fons “Sy ntete fons Proteln fn dead plants Which of the following shows the types of bacteria that are involved in Steps 1, 2 and 2 Denitrifying | Nitrifying Bacteria | Bacteria 3 2 1 3 1 2 2, 1 15. Which of the following does NOT explain how deforestation might inerease the risk of flooding? a) (B) Tree roots bind soil particles together. (©) Tree canopies prevent rain beating down on the soil. Soil nutrients are lost through leaching and run-off water. ©) Which of the following is NOT « conservation method used to maintain biodiversity? (A) Sperm bank (B) Botanic garden (©) Protected reserve (D) Genetic engineering 02207010/CAPE 2014 16. 17. Which of the following substances are cor- rectly paired forthe cells given inthe able? 1 ‘Suberin Ml, Lignin ML Cellulose IV. Pectin (A)_[Endodermis [I and it (8) [Guard cells [and IV (C)_| Xylem Mand UL (D) [Phloem and IV In a study of water movement in plants, the cut end of a leafy shoot is placed in a dilute solution of adye. After a few hours, deposits ofthe dyeaccumulate inthe leaves. The rte of movement ofthe dye up the stem is NOT increased by (A) humidity (B) wind speed (©) temperature (D) darkness GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE,Items 18-19 refer tothe following diagram, ‘which shows arepresentation ofanelectron micrograph of a transverse section of two cells in the phloem tissue of the stem of a plant. 18. The cell labelled Iisa (A) fibre celt (B) companion cell (©) parenchyma cell (D) sieve tube element 19. WhichofthefollowingisNOT an indication of how Cell I! is specially adapted to its function? (A) __Itis very active metabolically. (B) The walls are impregnated with lignin. (©) The end walls are perforated by plasmodesmata. (D) __Ithasan exceptior of mitochondria lly high density 20. Which ofthe following processes facilitates the loading of sugar into phloem vessels? (A) Osmosis (B) Endocytosis (C) Active transport (D) Facilitated diffusion 2, Items 21-22 refer to the Following graph which shows blood pressure changes inthe heart during the eardiac cycle. OrezOTOAOSOSOTOROS— Time () The atrioventricular valves open at @ 1 () ot qQ m @ W At which of the following stages are the heart sounds, ‘lub’ and ‘dub” produced? (A) Land it (B) Land tt (©) Wand itt (PD) WandIv Which of the following structures must be stimulated to increase heart rate? (A) Vena cava (8) Sinoatrial node (©) Cardiac muscle (D) Atrioventricular node