5/16/2017

Downhole Vibrations: Limiting Drill Bit Life and Efficiency and

Increasing Well Costs

Anthony Phillips
Danielle Fuselier
2017 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

2017 B A K E R H U G H E S I N C O RP O RA TE D. A LL RI G H TS RE S E RV E D. TE RM S A N D C O N DI TI O N S O F U S E : B Y A C C E P TI N G TH I S DO C U M E N T, TH E RE C I P I E N T A G RE E S TH A T TH E DO C U M E N T TO G E TH E R WI TH A LL I N FO RM A TI O N I N C LU DE D TH E RE I N I S TH E
C O N FI DE N TI A L A N D P RO P RI E TA RY P RO P E RTY O F B A K E R H U G H E S I N C O RP O RA TE D A N D I N C LU DE S V A LU A B LE TRA DE S E C RE TS A N D/ O R P RO P RI E TA RY I N FO RM A TI O N O F B A K E R H U G H E S (C O LLE C TI V E LY " I N FO RM A TI O N " ). B A K E R H U G H E S RE TA I N S
A LL RI G H TS U N DE R C O P Y RI G H T LA WS A N D TRA DE S E C RE T LA WS O F TH E U N I TE D S TA TE S O F A M E RI C A A N D O TH E R C O U N TRI E S . TH E RE C I P I E N T FU RTH E R A G RE E S TH A T TH E DO C U M E N T M A Y N O T B E DI S TRI B U TE D, TRA N S M I TTE D, C O P I E D O R
RE P RO DU C E D I N WH O LE O R I N P A RT B Y A N Y M E A N S , E LE C TRO N I C , M E C H A N I C A L, O R O TH E RWI S E , WI TH O U T TH E E XP RE S S P RI O R WRI TTE N C O N S E N T O F B A K E R H U G H E S , A N D M A Y N O T B E U S E D DI RE C TLY O R I N DI RE C TLY I N A N Y WA Y DE TRI M E N TA L
1 TO B A K E R H U G H E S I N TE RE S T.

Outline
Introduction
Downhole Dysfunctions Definitions and Challenges
Lateral Vibrations
StayTrue Shaped Diamond Technology
Torsional Vibrations
TerrAdapt Adaptive Bit
Summary
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Drilling Challenges
Drilling through interbedded formations is often not optimal due to the presence of
drilling dysfunctions

Reduced BHA / bit longevity

Premature bit wear/failure
MWD/LWD and RSS component failure
Motor damage and failure
Drill string failures, twist-offs, etc.
Impact on drilling efficiency
Reduced ROP
Hole enlargement and poor hole quality
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NPT

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Stability Window

Stick-
Slip Zone
Increased WOB
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Bit Whirl
Zone

Increased RPM

Lateral Vibrations
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Lateral Vibrations Bit Whirl

Predominantly a low depth of cut (DOC) dysfunction
Violent, high energy impact against the borehole
Damage and premature failure of the bit
Drill an oversized hole in severe cases
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Standard Approach
Manage operational parameters
Increase WOB or reduce RPM to increase DOC
Sometimes effective but can induce other dysfunctions (stick-slip)
Design for survivability
Increase cutter density, add blades, etc.
Lowers effective DOC per cutter, potentially increasing whirl probability
Manipulate bits imbalance
Preferentially force PDC bit to one side (historical anti-whirl bits)
Manage bit asymmetry
2017 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

All of the above work in limited circumstances but does not address root cause

StayTrueTM Shaped Technology

StayTrue elements are strategically placed on the PDC

cutting structure, this technology:
Enhances lateral stability through optimized drilling
mechanics
Changes the PDC bit response with cutting StayTrue shaped technology in cutting
structures deliver enhanced lateral
structure modification stability signature

Creates a single point contact cutting edge

Has a thick diamond table for durability
Engineered placement and orientation
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StayTrue Laboratory Validation

Atmospheric drilling rig with stem position

measured by lasers
Prescribed DOC steps to determine amount of
lateral vibration
Borehole calipered after each test
8-3/4 six bladed bit with 16mm cutters with
and without StayTrue
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StayTrue Laboratory Validation

Stability Level vs. Depth of Cut

Conventional PDC
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PDC bit with StayTrue technology

StayTrue Laboratory Validation

Hole Diameter vs. Depth of Cut

Conventional PDC

Conventional PDC bit

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PDC bit with StayTrue technology

StayTrue Field Validation Delaware Basin (8-3/4)

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12 Typical Dull for area StayTrue Dull

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Vibration Comparison
Utilized in-bit Multisense vibration measurement tool
42% increase in smooth drilling time
Data based on 12hrs of capture
Standard PDC drilled 1625, ROP 135.4 ft/hr
StayTrue bit drilled 2074, ROP 172.8ft/hr

Standard Offset StayTrue Bit

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StayTrue Reducing Vibrations and Delivering Step Out Performance

- StayTrue
- Average Offset
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StayTrue Shaped Diamond Technology

Lateral Vibration / Whirl mitigation
Improved bit durability for longer runs, fewer trips
Improved drilling efficiency delivers enhanced ROP
Less vibration results in less damage to BHA

Improved borehole quality

Less drag, improved ROP
Better directional control
Reduced need for reaming
Improved quality of well logging
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Improved completion running operations

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Torsional Vibrations
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Torsional Vibrations Stick / Slip

Generally trigger at higher DOCs
Very rapid increase and decrease in rotation speed
In severe cases the PDC bit will stop rotating
Inefficient drilling and premature bit damage
Motor stalls and downhole tool failures
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12.25 TD607FX
Bit Stick / Slip Signature In Bit Sensing data Vertical Well
Bent Motor
3025 ft
Motor RPM 110
Rotary RPM 75

Total RPM
185

8250 ft 8450 ft
Motor RPM 123 Max Value 473 = ~2.5 x Total RPM Motor RPM 128
Rotary RPM 68 Rotary RPM 63
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Total
RPM
191

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Vibration Coupling Stick / Slip + Lateral/Whirl

2210 ft

3025 ft
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8295 ft

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Challenges in Mitigating Stick Slip

Typically DOC control is fixed for a target formation or depth of cut

Based on an amount of rubbing area and how quickly it engages
Does not translate well to multiple varying formations types

100% Excessive May lead to sub-

optimal performance in
Accumulated DOC [%]

Rock
DOC Control [%]

some sections C

Ideal Doesnt mitigate

stick/slip in all sections Rock
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Insufficient
0% Mitigates stick/slip in
0 DOC [in.] 0.35 target sections So
Rock
(SPE-168026-MS) ftA

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TerrAdaptTM Adaptive Bit Technology

Hydro-mechanical system with rate sensitive
inward and outward strokes
Dynamically Adjusts the DOC control
Characteristics:
Resists sudden changes in DOC to
mitigate the dynamic instabilities
Enables gradual changes in DOC to
adapt to formations and operating
parameters
2017 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

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TerrAdapt Cutter Load Distribution

TerrAdapt bit reduces cutter overload during scenarios such as:
Improper start-up
Weight stack up
Formation transitions

Standard PDC Bit TerrAdapt

Force

Force

WOB
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Cutter # Time [s] Cutter # Time [s]

Time
TerrAdapt elements

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Field Testing in Research Wells

Full-scale drilling rig

Detailed geology

Downhole measurements

Realistic yet controlled environment

Tests in 8 vertical wells

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Proof of Concept - Research Test Well

Arbuckle Dolomite No DOC control
Induced stick slip
RPM

90RPM, 20klbs WOB

RPM vs Time
Compare: Time (sec)
No DOC
Fixed DOC control
Fixed DOCC
RPM

TerrAdapt DOCC

Time (sec)
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TerrAdapt DOC control

RPM

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(SPE 178815) Time (sec)

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Proof of Concept - Research Test Well

TerrAdapt technology demonstrated performance gains with reduced vibrations
Increasing rate of penetration
Expanding the smooth drilling window

Rate of Penetration (ft/hr)

0 12 24 36 48 60
Standard
PDC
Fixed DOCC
PDC
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TerrAdapt

Smooth Torsional
Stick-Slip
Drilling Oscillation
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TerrAdapt South Texas Field Results

Reduced torsional vibration saves days in drilling time
Run Background
8-1/2 Curve-lateral run on steerable motor
Stick-slip MultiSense measured 100% in LOW
Replaced several bits in one run
Much better dull (typical dull is 2.4-1.6)
Pulled in good condition for motor failure

Depth In-Depth out vs. Accumulated Drilling Hours

10000

11000

12000
TerrAdapt Run
13000
OffSet 1
14000
Depth (FT)

Offset 2
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15000

16000

17000

18000

19000

20000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
26 Accumulated Drilling Hours

CASE HISTORY: DELAWARE BASIN

GENERATED COMPLETED
CHALLENGES IMPROVED REDUCED
35% ENTIREwith hard stringers
RUN WITH ROP BY TORQUE
Interbedded formation
LOWER ZERO VARIATIONS
Erratic torque, low ROP, and tool failures on offset wells
SURFACE
Operator needed to reduce NPT
TORQUE NPT 27% 90%
46526
2017 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. 46526

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TerrAdaptTM Adaptive Bit

Stick slip mitigation
Reduce vibrations
Improved drilling efficiency
Improved performance
Depth of Cut Control
Absorbs impact during Interbedded transition zones
Operational practices e.g. Start up
Protects cutting structure
Prevents instantaneous WOB transfer issues
Torque management
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Reduced Risk

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Summary
Todays drilling environments are highly interbedded with more energy being put into
the drill string
Vibrations are often the limiting factor in bit performance and BHA life
New technologies geared at vibration mitigation have been developed by Baker
Hughes
Lab and field validated
Increased performance and reduced well construction costs as a result
2017 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

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Questions?
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