IASbabas ILP: Value Add- ACIDS AND BASES

ACIDS BASES
Sour in taste Bitter in taste

Dissolve in water to release H+ ions Dissolve in water to release OH- ions

Donates a proton Accepts a proton

Chemical formula usually starts with

H in the beginning. Chemical formula usually ends with
Example HCl OH. Example NaOH
Exception is Acetic Acid CH3COOH
(vinegar)
Can sting the skin when touched Feels soapy on the skin

pH value less than 7 pH value greater than 7

INDICATORS
INDICATORS ORIGINAL COLOUR
COLOUR CHANGE COLOUR CHANGE
WITH ACIDS WITH BASES
Red Litmus Red No change Blue
Blue Litmus Blue Red No change
Phenolphthalein Colourless No change Pink
Methyl Orange Orange Red Yellow
Turmeric Yellow No change Reddish brown
China rose water Dark pink
Pink (Magenta) Green

Red cabbage Purple Red Greenish yellow

juice
Onion No change Smell vanishes
Vanilla No change Smell vanishes

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 IASbabas ILP: Value Add- ACIDS AND BASES

Litmus paper is extracted from lichen; a plant belonging to the division

Thallophyta
Has a mauve colour in distilled water
When added to an acidic solution it turns red
When added to basic solution it turns blue
Used in the form of paper strips of blue and red litmus paper
Other indicators: Coloured petals of flowers such as Hydrangea, Petunia,
Geranium

pH SCALE
Potential of Hydrogen
Negative logarithm(base 10) of concentration of H+
An increase or decrease of an integer value changes the concentration
tenfold
A pH of 3 is ten times more acidic than a pH of 4
A pH of 3 is one hundred times more acidic than a pH of 5
A pH of 11 is ten times more basic than a pH of 10.

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 IASbabas ILP: Value Add- ACIDS AND BASES

pH 7 Distilled water
o It is neutral
o Neither acidic nor basic

pH less than 7 Acidic

pH more than 7 Basic
pH can be determined to the accuracy of 0.5 through pH paper having
four strips
pH meters can measure to an accuracy of 0.001

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 IASbabas ILP: Value Add- ACIDS AND BASES

Buffer solution resists changes in pH on addition of small quantities of

acids or bases.

NEUTRALISATION REACTION
Acids and bases react with each other to produce salt and water

Neutral salt: Strong acid and strong base make neutral salt. pH value is 7

Acidic salt: Formed by strong acid and weak base. pH value is less than 7

Basic salt: Formed by weak acid and strong base. pH value is more than 7

Neutralization reaction are usually exothermic

CHEMICAL
COMPOUND USES
FORMULA

Important material for making

Sodium Hydroxide,
Common Salt NaCl Baking Soda,
Washing Soda,
Bleaching Powder etc.

Bleaching cotton,
Bleaching linen,
Powder CaOCl2 wood pulp,
Disinfecting drinking water,
Oxidising agent in industries

Used as antacid,
Baking Soda NaHCO3 Making baking powder,
As fire extinguisher

Cleansing agent,
Washing Soda Removes permanent hardness of
Na2CO3.10H2O
water,
Making glass, soap and paper

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 IASbabas ILP: Value Add- ACIDS AND BASES

Plastering of fractured bone,

Plaster of Paris CaSO4H2O Decoration,
Making toys
APPLICATIONS OF NEUTRALISATION REACTION
FIELD USE EXPLANATION

Lime fertilisers such as powdered

lime, limestone, CaCO3 or ashes of
To treat acidic soil
burnt wood are added to the soil
to neutralise its acidity
AGRICULTURE
Can be treated by using a compost
of rotting vegetables or leaves.
To treat basic soil Acidic gas from the decomposition
of compost neutralises the alkalis
in basic soils
It is treated by adding lime to
To treat acidic
neutralise it before it is discharged
effluents
into rivers and streams
The burning fossil fuels will
liberate sulphur dioxide gas as an
acidic pollutant in the air.Hence,
INDUSTRIES power stations treat this acidic gas
To treat acidic gas
using powdered lime, CaO or
limestone, CaCO3to neutralise it
so that air pollution can be
prevented.

To prevent Ammonia solution, NH4OH, can

coagulation of Latex neutralise the acid (lactic acid)
produced by bacteria in the latex
Anti-acids are medicines
To treat gastric
containing bases to neutralise the
patients
excess acid in the stomach
HEALTH
Wasp stings are alkaline in
nature.Vinegar is used to cure

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 IASbabas ILP: Value Add- ACIDS AND BASES

To treat wasp stings wasp stings because vinegar can

neutralise the stings

Bee stings and ant bites are acidic

To treat bee+antSting in nature. They can be neutralises
using alkaline medicine such as
baking powder.
Decaying food particles in our
teeth produces acid and cause
tooth decay.Using toothpaste
To prevent tooth during brushing helps to
decay neutralise the acid and preventing
tooth decay since toothpaste is
alkaline in nature

MISCELLANEOUS Shampoos are mild alkaline which

make your hair unmanageable.
To solve the problem you used
hair conditioner.
Shampoo Hair conditioners are mild acid.
When used, the acidity in the hair
conditioner will neutralise the
alkali and cause the scales to close
up

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