Answers

1.
(a) x2 + y2 6x -10y + 25 = 0
(b) x2 + y2 + 4x 6y + 12 = 0
(c) x2 + y2 + 2x + 6y + 6 = 0
(d) x2 + y2 4x + 4y 17 = 0
(e) x2 + y2
2,
10y + 9 = 0
(a) centre (1, 2), radius 5 (b) centre (2, 3), radius 3 (c) centre (1, 0), radius 2
(d) centre (3, 2 ), radius 6 (e) centre (1, 2 ), radius q 2
7 3 19
1

3.
(a) 4y = 3x 20 (b) 4y + 3x = 15 (c) 4y + 3x + 49 = 0
(d) 5y + 12x = 61 (e) 5y + 12x = 184

4. The points of intersection are (1, 3) and (1, 1). The mid-point of these is (0, 1) which is the center of the circle, and hence y = 2x + 1
is a diameter. The tangents are 2y + x = 7 and
2y + x = 3 respectively.

5. The points of intersection are (1, 2) and (2, 1). The tangents are y = 2 and x = 2
respectively. They intersect at the point (2, 2).

6. The points of intersection are (4, 2) and (2, 6). The tangents are 3y + x = 10 and y = 3x
respectively. They intersect at the point (1, 3).
 Find the equation of the tangent to each circle at the point
specified:
(a) circle x2 + y2 2x 4y 20 = 0, point (4,2);
(b) circle x2 + y2 + 4x + 2 20 = 0, point (1, 3);
(c) circle x2 + y2 6x + 4y 87 = 0, point (3,10);
(d) circle x2 + y2 + 18x-88 = 0, point (3, 5);
(e) circle x2 + y2 6y 160 = 0, point (12, 8).
4. Find the points of intersection of the line y = 2x + 1 and the circle x2 + y 2y + 4
= 0.
Show that the line y = 2x + 1 is a diameter of the circle. Find the equation of the
tangent to the circle at one of the points of intersection.
5. Find the points of intersection of the line y = x 3 and the circle x2+ y2 2x +
2y + 1 = 0.
What are the tangents at the points of intersection? Where do they intersect?
6. Find the points where the circle x2 + y2 10x 10y + 40 = 0 and the line y +
2x = 10
Intersect. Find the equation of the tangent to the circle at each of the points of
intersection. Find the point of intersection of these two tangents.
The line y = x + a, where a is positive has a slope of +1 and a positive y intercept.
The slope of the circle at the point of tangency therefore must be +1. The slope of a curve is revealed by its
derivative. Where would the slope be +1? It must be either "above" or "below" the circle, but look at the
diagram here:

Clearly only the top line has a positive y intercept, so that is the one to look for.
Now take the derivative of the equation with respect to x:
d/dx (x2 + y2) = d/dx (2)
2x + 2y dy/dx = 0
dy/dx = -x/y.
Since you know that at the point of tangency the slope is 1, we have 1 = -x / y, so y = -x.
Now let's solve for x and y knowing that they have opposite signs and the same magnitude:
x2 + y 2 = 2
x2 + x 2 = 2
2x2 = 2
x = +/- 1.
Look again at the diagram above. Clearly, we know that the point of tangency we are interested in is in
quadrant II, so we know x = -1. This means y = +1.
Now you have the point of tangency and the slope of the line, so you can quickly use the point-slope line
equation to determine the line and put that into the form y = x + a to find the value of a.
In the figure above with tangent line and secant line ,
(1
)

The line tangent to a circle of radius centered at

Through can be found by solving the equation

giving
 The tangent
Tangent to a circle
quadrilateral theorem and inscribed circles
Finding the equationABCD
A tangential quadrilateral of a istangent
a closed figure of four straight sides that are tangent to a given
to a circle
Finding the equation
circle C. Equivalently, the of a Ctangent
circle to inathe
is inscribed circle is unlike
quadrilateral finding
ABCD. By theaPitot
tangent tothe
theorem, a
polynomial. Because
sums of opposite sides ofaany
tangent is a straight
such quadrilateral line,i.e.,
are equal, you need both a point and the
Tangential quadrilateral
gradient to findfollows
This conclusion its equation.
from the You are of
equality usually givensegments
the tangent the pointfrom
- it's
thewhere the tangent
four vertices of the
meets the circle.
quadrilateral. Let the tangent points be denoted as P (on segment AB), Q (on segment BC), R (on
The method
segment for finding
CD) and the gradient
S (on segment DA). Theuses the fact
symmetric that segments
tangent the tangent is each
about perpendicular to
point of ABCD
the radiuse.g.,
are equal, from the point
BP=BQ=b, it meets
CQ=CR=c, the circle.
DR=DS=d, andWork out the
AS=AP=a. gradient
But each ofthe
side of thequadrilateral
radius at
is composed
the of tangent
point the two such tangent
meets segments
the circle, and you can use the equation m CP x mtgt = -1
Proving the theorem.
to find
The the gradient
converse of the
is also true: tangent.
a circle can be inscribed into every quadrilateral in which the lengths of
opposite sides sum to the same value.
This theorem and its converse have various uses. For example, they show immediately that no
rectangle can have an inscribed circle unless it is a square, and that every rhombus has an
inscribed circle, whereas a general parallelogram does not.

Find the equation of the tangent to the circle at the point P(5,
-2) which lies on the circle.
centre = (1,1)

hence since
so equation of the tangent at P is
 Calculating
tangent line in a
circle
-In Euclidean plane geometry, a tangent line to a circle is a line that
touches the circle at exactly one point, never entering the circle's interior.