Professional Documents
Culture Documents
History of IT Industry
History of IT Industry
1939-1945 WWII von Neumann architecture Colossus (UK) v030 Operations research
Bretton Woods Agreement ENIAC (USA) v100 Manhattan Project v050
Enigma v020
1947 Cold War starts Transistor (1947) Nuclear arms race
1948 Berlin blockade Marshall Plan
1950s Assembler IBM and the seven dwarfs Military-industrial complexes (Defense
1948-55 McCarthyism FORTRAN (1957) v180, 190 Honeywell contractors) v130, 135
ALGOL (1960) NCR
1950-53 Korea War COBOL (1961) CDC 1958 NASA
GE
1956 Suez Canal crisis Formal language theory RCA Defense Advanced Research Projects
Automata theory Burroughs Agency (DARPA) - Military funding of
1957 Sputnik and Space UNIVAC v120 science
race v140 Operating system v
Batch Processing system v110 Commercial transistor (1954) Project Whirlwind
1959 Cuban revolution Time-sharing system Integrated circuit (1958)
Real-time system Peter Druckers management by objectives
1959-1975 Vietnam War Texas Instruments (MBO)
Fairchild Semiconductor
National Semiconductor
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Geopolitics Academic IT companies/products Business/Management
1960s Multiprogramming IBM S/360 (1964) v200 STRETCH (IBM 7030) v170
1961 Berlin Crisis Virtual memory (1962) SAGE v150, 160
Batch-oriented O/S
1962 Cuban missile crisis Compiler theory OS/360 BSC
DOS/360 RJE (Remote Job Entry)
1967 Six-day war PL/1 (1964)
BASIC (1964) Hard disk v220, 230, 240 1963 Project MAC
Vietnam War
Debate of GOTO statement (1967) Virtual machine 1969 ARPANET v500, 510, 520
Mutually assured Structured programming IBM CP/CMS (1967)
destruction
Donald Knuths The Art of DEC PDP-1 v300
1962-79 Detente Computer Programming (1968) DEC PDP-8 (1965)
Multics (1964-69)
Unix and C (1969)
1970s Pascal (1970) IBM S/370 (1970) 1974 SNA (Systems Network Architecture)
p-code (1973) TCP/IP invented by Vinton Cerf
1973 Yom Kippur War Mini-computers and Bob Kahn
and 1st Oil Crisis Relational database (1970) DEC PDP-11 (1970)
DEC VAX-11 (1978) 1975 Ethernet invented in Xerox PARC
1979 Iranian revolution Public key encryption (1976) HP, DG, Prime, Wang
v530 1979 Ethernet DIX standard
1979 USSR invasion of Microprocessors v310, 330
Afganistan Intel 4004 (1971) v320 VLSI
Intel 8080 RISC
1979 2nd Oil Crisis Intel 8086/8088 (1978)
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Geopolitics Academic IT companies/products Business/Management
1980s Unix becoming popular in univ. Microcomputers v400 Third world debt crisis
BSD Atari, Apple v410, 420, 430 Reagonomics
Iran-Iraq war Unix philosophy IBM PC, Lotus 123 Deregulation
Proliferation of PC software
1985 Plaza Accord Non-procedural programming v440, 450, 460
1989 Burst of bubbles in 4GL (4th generation language) IBM S/38 In search of excellence (1982)
Japan IBM AS/400 (1988) Downsizing
Ethernet (thick/thin-wire) DEC VAXcluster (1983) Outsourcing
1985 Glasnost and Distributed computing LBO
Perestroika SUN, Appollo M&A
1989 Fall of Berlin Wall Novell Netware Junk bond
S&L crisis
Oracle
SAP
1990s Open systems IBM S/390 (1990) IBM facing threat of breakup (1992)
Client/server computing Microsoft becomes dominating
1991 USSR dissolved 1992 Windows 3.1
End of Cold War World Wide Web 1995 Windows NT Most minicomputer companies folded
Iraq war Internet DEC bought by Compaq (1998)
1995 Mexican peso crisis LAN (10Base-T, hub)
1997 Asian financial crisis WAN (modem) Business process reengineering (1993)
1998 Russian debt crisis LTCM debacle (1998)
Dot-com bubble
2000s Broadband Internet Enron scandal (2002)
2007-2009 US financial Web/server computing .NET and JAVA 2002 Compaq bought by HP
crisis SAN
2009 SUN bought by Oracle
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Computer History
http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/?category=sl
http://www.youtube.com/user/ComputerHistory
http://library.thinkquest.org/22522/timeline2_en.html
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Physicist Lloyd V. Berkner, October 1957
From the vantage point of 2100 A.D., the year of 1957 will most certainly stand in history as the year of mans
progression from a two-dimensional to a three-dimensional geography. It may well stand, also, as the point in time at
which intellectual achievement forged ahead of weapons and national wealth as instruments of national policy. The earth
satellite is a magnificent expression of mans intellectual growth of his ability to manipulate to his own purposes the very
laws that govern his universe.
History of DARPA
http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9037638/Timeline_Sputnik_and_Three_Decades_of_DARPA_Hegemony?pageNumber=1
Project MAC
MIT Project MAC, suggested by J.C.R. Licklider, was the organization that began the research that led to Multics. It is now called the
MIT Laboratory for Computer Science.
[Kenneth Flamm] Project MAC was a large and well-funded effort. Its initial grant from DARPA for a little over $2 million per year was
quickly raised. Funding peaked at $4.3 million in 1969, slumped to under $3 million in 1973, and rose again in the late 1970s. Project
MAC's research staff peaked in 1967 at 400.
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CTSS
http://www.multicians.org/thvv/7094.html
BSD UNIX
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSD_Daemon
VLSI
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLSI_Project
RISC
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced_instruction_set_computer
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Diffie-Hellman key exchange
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffie-Hellman_key_exchange
"In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or
unsought, by the military industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will
persist.
"We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or democratic processes. We should take
nothing for granted. Only an alert and knowledgeable citizenry can compel the proper meshing of the huge industrial
and military machinery of defense with our peaceful methods and goals, so that security and liberty may prosper
together."
http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Military-industrial_complex
FORTRAN
http://www.softwarepreservation.org/projects/FORTRAN/video/FORTRAN-1982.wmv
http://www.fortran.bcs.org/2001/pioneers.html
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Algol
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL
Colossus
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O8WXNPn1QKo&feature=related
Manhattan Project
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xwpgmEvlRpM
v010 2008.05.01-NathanMyhrvoldandDoronSwadeDiscussBabbagesDifferenceEngine.wmv
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v050 The Moment in Time The Manhattan Project.flv
v140 The Sputnik Moment -- The Year America Changed its Schools.flv
v150 1957 SAGE Early Warning Defence Radar Computer System by IBM.flv
v180 FORTRAN-1982.wmv
v200 360_revolution.lecture.2004-04-07.102656931.wmv
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v220 an_evening_with_robert_price_the_control_data_story_in_conversation_with_mel_stuckey.2006.06.12.102654199.wmv
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v500 History of the Internet.flv
v510 an_eveninig_with_robert_kahn.lecture.2007.01.09.wmv
v520 A_30th_Anniversary_Celebration_of_the_First_Three-network_Transmission.lecture.2007.11.07.wmv
v530 information_security_before_during_and_after_public_key_cryptography.lecture.2005-01-26.102656921.wmv
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Remote job entry
Vietnam War
Song LBJ told the nation by Tom Paxton
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