Three Phase Fault Analysis with Auto Reset on Temporary Fault

and Permanent Trip Otherwise

This project is designed to protect a three phase power line against temporary and permanent
faults. When a temporary fault occurs, the system turns off, and then turns on again with the
power with a small time delay, whereas for a permanent fault, this system turns off the power
supply permanently.

In India, it is common to observe the failures in supply system due to the faults that occur during
the transmission or distribution. These faults lead to substantial damage to the power system
equipment. This system is made to protect the same by sensing the faults automatically and then
disconnect the supply to avoid the large scale damages .

The proposed system is built with six single-phase transformers wherein the secondary of three
transformers are connected in star connection and remaining are connected in the delta form. A
set of switches are used to create the faults such as line ground (LG), line to line (L L) and three
lines (3L) faults. The 555 timers are used for handling short duration and long duration fault
conditions.

The faults are created by the push button switches. Short duration fault returns the supply to the
load immediately, which is called as temporary trip, while the long duration fault results in
permanent trip. The tripping mechanism is activated by the relays which are connected to the
circuit.

This project in future can be extended by developing a mechanism to send message to the
authorities via SMS by interfacing it with a GSM modem.
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HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
Transformers, Op-amps, Switches, Resistors,
Diodes, Capacitors, LEDs, Relays.