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    Alkenes and alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon double and triple bonds respectively. [1] Nomenclature of alkenes and alkynes involves identifying the parent chain containing the carbon-carbon multiple bond and using "-ene" or "-yne" suffixes. [2] Alkenes can be prepared through cracking of alkanes, dehydration of alcohols, and dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides. [3] Alkenes undergo addition reactions with bromine water, hydrogen, halogens, and sulfuric acid.

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    Alkenes and alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon double and triple bonds respectively. [1] Nomenclature of alkenes and alkynes involves identifying the parent chain containing the carbon-carbon multiple bond and using "-ene" or "-yne" suffixes. [2] Alkenes can be prepared through cracking of alkanes, dehydration of alcohols, and dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides. [3] Alkenes undergo addition reactions with bromine water, hydrogen, halogens, and sulfuric acid.

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    413 views3 pages

    Mind Map Chemistry

    Uploaded by

    Theesha Sophie
    Alkenes and alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon double and triple bonds respectively. [1] Nomenclature of alkenes and alkynes involves identifying the parent chain containing the carbon-carbon multiple bond and using "-ene" or "-yne" suffixes. [2] Alkenes can be prepared through cracking of alkanes, dehydration of alcohols, and dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides. [3] Alkenes undergo addition reactions with bromine water, hydrogen, halogens, and sulfuric acid.

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    ALKENES & ALKYNES

    Nomenclature
    Definition & Classification
    Choose longest chain with C=C as parental
    Hydrocarbon with carbon-carbon
    chain with -ene- suffix.*
    double bond.* Number the carbon atom beginning with
    General formula CnH2n*
    Hydrocarbon with the end nearest to the C=C.
    carbon-carbon triple bond. Side chain act as prefix and parental chain
    General formula CnH2n-2 as suffix.
    Both are unsaturated hydrocarbon Side chain named alphabetically and
    because they contain less hydrogen position on parental chain indicated.
    per carbon. In naming parental alkene, position of C=C
    indicated by smaller number of attachment
    point.
    Alkyne naming is similar except C C as
    parental chain with -yne- suffix.

    INDICATOR

    * Express Alkenes

    Express Alkynes

    Express Both Alkenes Alkynes


    Cracking

    [CH2-CH2] n Steam [CH2=CH2] n + H2


    Dehydrogenation800C
    process

    ALKENES
    PREPERATION

    Dehydrohalogenation
    Dehydration of Alcohol
    CnH2n+1X -HX [CH2=CH2] n + H2
    KOH (in alcohol)
    CnH2n+1OH [CH2=CH2] n + H2O
    Haloalkane boiled in potassium
    Alcohol vapour is passed through hot alumina @
    hydroxide dissolved in alcohol
    heated with excess sulphuric acid

    Hydrohalogenation Halogenation
    [CH2=CH2] n +HX CnH2n+1X [CH2=CH2] n + X n [CH2-CH2] X2
    If according to Markonikoff produce major via electrophilic addition
    product

    If according to anti Markonikoff produce


    minor product Hydration

    [CH2=CH2] n +H2O CnH2n+1OH

    Catalyst phosphoric acid at 300C


    Hydrogenation

    [CH2=CH2] n +H2 n [CH2-CH2]

    ALKENES REACTIONS

    Oxidation Reaction in Bromine Water


    [CH2=CH2] n n [CH2-CH2] (OH)2 Test for alkene unsaturation
    Br2
    [CH2=CH2] nH2O n [CH2-CH2] OHBr
    Addition of Sulphuric Acid
    Via electrophilic addition
    [CH2=CH2] n +H2SO4 n [CH2-CH2] H2SO4

    (alkyl hydrogen sulphate)


    Polymerisation

    Peroxide
    [CH2=CH2] n 1000C n [CH2-CH2]

    70C
    [CH2=CH2] n Al(C2H5) n [CH2-CH2]

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