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1.3.

2OSIModelFacts
TheOpenSystemsInterconnection(OSI)modelisatheoreticalwayofclassifyingandtalkingaboutthecomplexprocessofsendingdataona
network.YoushouldbefamiliarwiththeOSImodel,becauseitisthemostwidelyusedmethodforunderstandingandtalkingaboutnetwork
communications.However,rememberthatitisonlyatheoreticalmodelthatdefinesstandardsforprogrammersandnetworkadministrators,nota
modelofactualphysicallayers.

UsingtheOSImodeltodiscussnetworkingconceptshasthefollowingadvantages:

Providesacommonlanguageandreferencepointfornetworkprofessionals
Dividesnetworkingtasksintologicallayersforeasiercomprehension
Allowsspecializationoffeaturesatdifferentlevels
Aidsintroubleshooting
Promotesstandardsofinteroperabilitybetweennetworksanddevices
Providesmodularityinnetworkingfeatures(developerscanchangefeatureswithoutchangingtheentireapproach)

However,youmustrememberthefollowinglimitationsoftheOSImodel:

OSIlayersaretheoreticalanddonotactuallyperformrealfunctions.
IndustryimplementationsrarelyhavealayertolayercorrespondencewiththeOSIlayers.
Differentprotocolswithinthestackperformdifferentfunctionsthathelpsendorreceivetheoverallmessage.
AparticularprotocolimplementationmaynotrepresenteveryOSIlayer(ormayspreadacrossmultiplelayers).

TohelprememberthelayernamesoftheOSImodel,trythefollowingmnemonicdevices:

Mnemonic Mnemonic
Layer Name
(Bottomtotop) (Toptobottom)
Layer7 Application Away All
Layer6 Presentation Pizza People
Layer5 Session Sausage Seem
Layer4 Transport Throw To
Layer3 Network Not Need
Layer2 DataLink Do Data
Layer1 Physical Please Processing

HavesomefunandcomeupwithyourownmnemonicfortheOSImodel,butsticktoonesoyoudon'tgetconfused.

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