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5 History Crash Course #36: Timeline: From Abraham to Destruction of the

Temple, by Rabbi Ken Spiro, Aish.com. Retrieved 2011, June, 14.
6 Kurzweil, Arthur, The Torah For Dummies, 2008, p. 11; Jacobs, Louis, "The
Jewish religion: a companion, Oxford University Press, 1995, reprinted 2003, p.375
7 Jacobs, Louis, The Jewish religion: a companion, Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 1995, reprinted 2003, p.375
 274

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10 Hence Moses role in the production of the Pentateuch must be affirmed as

highly formative although it is unlikely that Moses wrote the Pentateuch as it exists in
its final form. The core of both the narrative frame-work and legislative material goes
back to his literary instigation and authentically reflects both the circumstances and
events there related. LaSor, William Sanford and Alls. Old Testament Survey. Grand
Rapids: Eerdmans, 1996 (second edition). P. 9
11 LaSor, William Sanford and Alls. Old Testament Survey. Grand Rapids:
Eerdmans, 1996 (second edition). P. 9-10.
12 ALBRIGHT, W. F. The Archaeology of Palestine, revised edition. Baltimore,
 278

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1960. p. 225.
13 Talmud Sanh 21b-22a. Quoted from LaSor, William Sanford and Alls. Old
Testament Survey. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans,1996 (second edition). P.9 and 746,n.10.
14 Talmud B. Bat. 15a. Quoted from LaSor, William Sanford and Alls. Old
Testament Survey. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1996 (second edition).P.9 and 746,n.10.
279

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The Documentary Theory, The 15 :

Fragmentary Theory, The Developmental Hypothesis, The Modified Document
Hypothesis, The Critical Hypothesis, The New Critical School
. " "
.
16 - ) (Graf-Wellhausen
Wellhausen. Prolegomena of the History of Ancient IsraelI, :
translated from German by J. S. Black and A. Menzies. 1885, rep. Magnolia, Mass.
1973; Thompson. Moses and the Law. ; A. Robert and A. Feuillet. Introduction to the
Old Testament. New York, 1968. pp. 67-128. B. S. Childs, Introduction to the Old
Testament as Scripture. Philadelphia, 1979. pp. 112-127.
 280

"" 33 " :
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14 :21 -
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)(Isaac de la Peyrre
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) (Richard Simon ) (John Hampden

17
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les mmoires originaux, dont il parat que Mose s'est servi pour composer le
)"livre de la Gense
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: .
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"" ""

For a brief overview of the Enlightenment struggle between scholarship and 17

authority, see Richard Elliott Friedman, "Who Wrote the Bible?", pp.2021 (hardback
original 1987, paperback HarperCollins edition 1989).
281

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381 :20 25 :19.(1 :20

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 282

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1853 ) (Hermann Hupfeld

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Richard Elliott Friedman, "Who Wrote the Bible?", pp.2224. 18

283

1805 .
) 621. (.
19
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" ) " Die Composition des Hexateuch (

) Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels 1878 (
.


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.
2 :22-22:8
.

19 Richard Elliott Friedman, "Who Wrote the Bible?", p.25., and Alexander Rofe,
"Introduction to the Composition of the Pentateuch", (1999), ch.2. See also Raymond
F. Surberg, "Wellhausianism Evaluated After a Century of Influence", section II, The
Contribution of the Prolegomena from a Critical Viewpoint
 284

. 20.
) ( ) . (.
) (Karl Heinrich Graf
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700 750 . .

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@ aa@na@N3O2

Richard Elliott Friedman, "Who Wrote the Bible?" esp. p.188 ff. 20
(J) 21 ) (Jawheh .
(E) 22 ) (Elohim .
285

.(D)23 "".

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 286

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287

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)(Hermann Gunkel
) (Literary Genres .

) (Sitz im Leben
. " " )(
26
) . (Form Criticism .

) (Albrecht Alt ) (Martin Noth
27
.
) (William F. Albright
. .
28
..

G. M. Trucker. Form Criticism of the " " 26

Old Testament. Philadelphia, 1971; K. Koch. The Growth of the Biblical Tradition.
Translated by S. M. Cupitt. New York, 1969.
27 Albecht Alt, "The God of the Fathers", 1929, and Martin Noth, "A History of
Pentateuchal Traditions", 1948.
28 Robert I. Bradshaw, Arcchaeology and the Patriarchs in
 288

.

) (Umberto Cassuto
1970
29 .
@ @b@bc@N2

) (Von Rad
(1) :
) (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) (5
.
@ na@yaa@na@@N3

1987 Roger Norman Whybray (1923-

) 1997 " "
: )
(
30
) (.

www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/article_archaeology.html#1, retrieved 15 June 2011.

)29 Gordon Wenham, "Pentateuchal Studies Today", Themelios 22.1 (October 1996
in : http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/article_pentateuch_wenham.html Retreived 15
June 2011.
30 R.N. Whybray, "The Making of the Pentateuch", 1987, quoted in Gordon
Wenham, "Exploring the Old Testament", 2003, pp.173174.
289

.

.
:

31
.

) (H. H. Schmid
.
32
.
@ na@aua@@N4

.
) (Rolf Rendtorff ) (Erhard Blum
.

.33 ) (John Van Seters

31 .
32 H. H. Schmid, "Der sogenannte Jahwist" ("The So-called Yahwist"), 1976.
33 Rolf Rendtdorff, The Problem of the Process of Transmission in the Pentateuch,
Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement 89, 1990.
 290

34.
) ( ) (Thomas L. Thompson
) 116-140..(.
ba@a@bng@N5

) (Structuralism
.
) (William H. Propp -
) -(Anchor Bible Series
35
. ) (Antony F. Campbell ) Mark
(A. OBrien " " 36
.
37
)(Richard Elliott Friedman " "
) (1987 " " (2003) 38
)(Whybray

34 John Van Seters, "Abraham in History and Tradition", 1975.

35 William H.C. Propp, Exodus 118: A New Translation with Introduction and
Commentary, Anchor Bible, volume 2, New York: Doubleday, 1999; and Exodus
1940: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary, volume 2A, New
York: Doubleday, 2006.
36 Sources of the Pentateuch
?37 Who Wrote the Bible
38 The Bible with Sources Revealed
291

.
)(Yehezkel Kaufmann
39
) 686-715. (.

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722. .

.
715687
.. ) 622. .(
- - .

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@ ba

) (LaSor:
" " " .
.
" " ) (Anthology
.

.
. .

39 Yehezkel Kaufmann, "The Religion of Israel, from Its Beginnings to the

Babylonian Exile", 1961.
 292

".40
) (Albright
:
"
.


.
".41
:
.

. " : " " "
""
.

.
.

.

40 LaSor, William Sanford and Alls. Old Testament Survey. Grand Rapids:
Eerdmans, 1996 (second edition). P. 12.
41 ALBRIGHT, W. F. The Archaeology of Palestine, revised edition. Baltimore,
1960. p. 225.
 

 






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QADHAYA ISLAMIYA MUASIRA

Ideological Magazine On Cultural Concerns Of

Contemporary Muslim

53-54th, 2013 - 1434

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