Definition: This includes the study of water as it occurs in the atmosphere as well

as on and below the surface of the earth.

The thin spherical shell of thickness about 10 km (hydrosphere) at the surface of
Planet Earth is unique in the universe because it has abundant amounts of water
substance in all three phases: solid, liquid and vapour. Water substance has played a
critical role in the evolution of the earths atmosphere and surface environment,
including the development of biological organisms.
The importance of water, particularly fresh water (as opposed to saline ocean water), in
human activities cannot be overstated. Freshwater scarcity already is taking its toll on
the African continent and likely will be a limiting factor in future sustainable economic
development. Present full commitments of river and lake water for human consumption
coupled with water shortages in many regions and expanding future water needs for
industrialization, agriculture, and a growing population will put new strains on water
supplies.

The hydrologic Cycle