UREA CREATININE CREATINE URIC ACID

Synthesis Protein metabolism Muscle metabolism Arginine, glycine and Purine metabolism
methionine synthesis
Location of synthesis Liver Muscle Liver Liver
Molecular weight 60 Da 113 Da 168 Da
Disease correlation Azotemia Creatinine Muscle disease Uric acid
Uremia or Uremic syndrome Abnormal renal function Muscular dystrophy Gout
Poliomyelitis Increased catabolism of nucleic
Hyperthyroidism acid
Trauma Renal disease
Clinical significance Evaluate renal function Marker for Glomerulus Filtration Diagnosis of muscle Evaluate renal function
Assess hydration status Rate (GFR) disease
Determine nitrogen balance Determine...
Aid in diagnosis of renal disease the sufficiency of kidney function
Verify adequacy of dialysis the severity of kidney damage
Monitor the progression of kidney
disease
Analytic/Lab method 1. Conventional method 1. Jaffe Reaction 1. End point Jaffe method 1. Caraway method (most common)
2. Kinetic/Enzymatic method (most 2. Coupled-enzymatic method 2. Uricase method (more specific)
common)
Creatinase-CK method 3. Couple enzymatic method
3. Chemical method Creatinase-H2O2 method
Isotope dilution mass 3. Reference standard
spectrometry Isotope dilution mass
spectrometry
Specimen requirement Plasma Plasma Heparinised Plasma
Serum Serum Serum
Urine Urine Urine
Interference substances 1. Ammonium ions 1. Ascorbic acid 1. Lipemic specimen
2. Sodium citrate 2. Glucose
3. Sodium fluoride 3. Protein, urea
4. Alpha keto acids/Ketones
5. Cephalosporins, Dopamine,
Lidocaine
6. Hemoglobin & Bilirubin
7. Uric acid