Appedix A Acha Facts

Appendix A: Jacobian
Elements for FACTS

Controllers in Positive
Sequence Power Flow
A.1 TAP-CHANGING TRANSFORMER
The partial derivatives of the power equations with respect to the primary tap of the two
winding transformer are:
qPk 2V 2 T 2
Tv k v Rm Uv2 R1 Xm R2 2Gkk Rm F1 Xm F2 Vk Vm Gkm cos1
qTv

4T 2 2Vk Vm Tv3 Uv
Bkm sin1 1 v Rm F1 Xm F2 Xm sin1 1

Rm cos1 1 ;
qQk 2V 2 T 2
Tv k v 2Bkk Rm F1 Xm F2 Rm R2 Xm Um2 R1 Vk Vm Gkm sin1
qTv

4T 2
Bkm cos1 1 v Rm F1 Xm F2

3
2Vk Vm Tv Uv
Rm sin1 1 Xm cos1 1 :

The partial derivatives of the power equations with respect to the secondary tap of the two
winding transformer are:
qPk 2V 2 U 2
Uv k v Rm Uv2 R1 Xk R2 F1 2Gkk Rk F1 Xk F2
qUv

4Uv2
Vk Vm Gkm cos1 Bkm sin1 1 Rk F 1 Xk F 2
2Vk Vm Uv3 Tv
Xk sin1 1 Rk cos1 1 ;

FACTS: Modelling and Simulation in Power Networks.

Enrique Acha, Claudio R. Fuerte-Esquivel, Hugo Ambriz-Perez and Cesar Angeles-Camacho
# 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd ISBN: 0-470-85271-2
344 APPENDIX A: JACOBIAN ELEMENTS FOR FACTS CONTROLLERS
qQk 2V 2 U 2
Uv k v 2Bkk Rk F1 Xk F2 Rk R2 Xk Uv2 R1 F2
qUv

4U 2
Vk Vm Gkm sin1 Bkm cos1 1 v Rk F1 Xk F2

3
2Vk Vm Uv Tv
Rk sin1 1 Xk cos1 1 ;

where
F1 T 2 Rs Uv2 Rp Req1 ;
F2 Tv2 Xs Uv2 Xp Xeq1 ;
Req1 Rp Rs Xp Xs Go Rp Xs Rs Xp Bo ;
Xeq1 Rp Rs Xp Xs Bo Rp Xs Rs Xp Go ;
R1 Rs Go Xs Bo ;
R2 Rs Bo Xs Go ;
R3 Rp G0 Xp B0 ;
R4 Rp B0 Xp G0 ;
1 tv uv ;
2 uv tv ;
F12 F22 ;
1 k m :
A.2 THYRISTOR-CONTROLLED SERIES COMPENSATOR
Partial derivatives of the variable series impedance model are:

qPk
X Vk Vm Bkm sink m ;
qX
qQk
X Vk2 Bkk Vk Vm Bkm cosk m ;
qX
qPXkm qPk
X X:
qX qX
Partial derivatives of the ring angle model:
qPk qXTCSC1
Pk BTCSC1 ;
q q
qQk qXTCSC1
Qk BTCSC1 ;
q q
qBTCSC1 qXTCSC1
B2TCSC1 ;
q q
qXTCSC1
2C1 1 cos2 C2 sin2f$ tan$ tan g
q

2 cos
2
C2 $ 1 :
cos2 $
UNIFIED POWER FLOW CONTROLLER 345
A.3 STATIC SYNCHRONOUS COMPENSATOR
Partial derivatives for the static compensator (STATCOM) model are:

qPk
Qk Vk2 GvR ;
qk
qPk
Vk VvR GvR sink vR BvR cosk vR ;
qvR
qPvR
QvR VvR 2
BvR ;
qvR
qPvR
VvR Vk GvR sinvR k BvR cosvR k ;
qk
qPk
Vk Pk Vk2 GvR ;
qVk
qPk
VvR Vk VvR GvR cosk vR BvR sink vR ;
qVvR
qPvR
VvR PvR VvR 2
GvR ;
qVvR
qPvR
Vk VvR Vk GvR cosvR k BvR sinvR k ;
qVk
qQk
Pk Vk2 GvR ;
qk
qQk
Vk VvR GvR cosk vR BvR sink vR ;
qvR
qQvR
PvR VvR 2
GvR ;
qvR
qQvR
VvR Vk GvR cosvR k BvR sinvR k ;
qk
qQk
Vk Qk Vk2 BvR ;
qVk
qQk
VvR Vk VvR GvR sink vR BvR cosk vR ;
qVvR
qQvR
VvR QvR VvR 2
BvR ;
qVvR
qQvR
Vk VvR Vk GvR sinvR k BvR cosvR k :
qVk
A.4 UNIFIED POWER FLOW CONTROLLER
Partial derivatives for the unied power ow controller (UPFC) at bus k are:
qPk
Qk Vk2 Bkk ;
qk
qQk
Pk Vk2 Gkk ;
qk
qPk
Vk Vm Gkm sink m Bkm cosk m ;
qm
qQk
Nkm ;
qm
qPk
Vk Pk Vk2 Gkk ;
qVk
qQk
Vm Hkm ;
qVm
qPk
Vm Vk Vm Gkm cosk m Bkm sink m ;
qVm
qQk
Vk Qk Vk2 Bkk ;
qVk
qPk
Vk VcR Gkm sink cR Bkm cosk cR ;
qcR
qQk
NkcR ;
qcR
qPk
VcR Vk VcR Gkm cosk cR Bkm sink cR ;
qVcR
qQk
VcR HkcR ;
qVcR
qPk
Vk VvR GvR sink vR BvR cosk vR ;
qvR
qQk
NkvR ;
qvR
qPk
VvR Vk VvR GvR cosk vR BvR sink vR ;
qVmR
qQk
VvR HkvR :
qVvR
Partial derivatives at the receiving bus m are:
qPm
Hmk Vm Vk Gmk sinm k Bmk cosm k ;
qk
qQm
Nmk ;
qk
qPm
Hmm Qm Vm2 Bmm ;
qm
qQm
Pm Vm2 Gmm ;
qm
qPm
Nmk Vk Vm Vk Gmk cosm k Bmk sinm k ;
qVk
qQm
Vk Hmk ;
qVk
HIGH-VOLTAGE DIRECT-CURRENT-BASED VOLTAGE SOURCE CONVERTER 347
qPm
Nmm Vm Pm Vm2 Gmm ;
qVm
qQm
Vm Qm Vm2 Bmm ;
qVm
qPm
HmcR Vm VcR Gmm sinm cR Bmm cosm cR ;
qcR
qQm
NmcR ;
qcR
qPm
NmcR VcR Vm VcR Gmm cosm cR Bmm sinm cR ;
qVcR
qQm
VcR HmcR :
qVcR
The partial derivatives at the UPFC series converter are:
qPcR
VcR Vk Gkm sincR k Bkm coscR k ;
qk
qPcR
QcR VcR 2
Bmm ;
qcR
qPcR
VcR Vm Gmm sincr m Bmm coscR m ;
qm
qPcR
VcR PcR VcR 2
Gmm ;
qVcR
qPcR
Vk VcR Vk Gkm coscR k Bkm sincR k ;
qVk
qPcR
Vm VcR Vm Gmm coscR m Bmm sincR m :
qVm
The partial derivatives for the UPFC shunt converter are:
qPvR
VvR Vk GvR sinvR k BvR cosvR k ;
qk
qPvR
QvR VvR 2
BvR ;
qvR
qPqVvR Vk VvR Vk GvR cosvR k BvR sinvR k ;
k
qPvR
VvR PvR VvR
2
GvR :
qVvR
A.5 HIGH-VOLTAGE DIRECT-CURRENT-BASED VOLTAGE

SOURCE CONVERTER
Partial derivatives for the rectier and inverter stations of the high-voltage direct-current-
based voltage source converter (HVDC-SVC) are:
qPk
Qk Vk2 GvR1 ;
qk
qPk
Vk VvR1 GvR1 sink vR1 BvR1 cosk vR1 ;
qvR1
qPk
Vk Pk Vk2 GvR1 ;
qVk
qPk
VvR1 Vk VvR1 GvR1 cosk vR1 BvR1 sink vR1 ;
qVvR1
qQk
Pk Vk2 GvR1 ;
qk
qQk
Vk VvR1 GvR1 cosk vR1 BvR1 sink vR1 ;
qvR1
qQk
Vk Qk Vk2 BvR1 ;
qVk
qQk
VvR1 Vk VvR1 GvR1 sink vR1 BvR1 cosk vR1 ;
qVvR1
qPvR1
QvR1 VvR1 2
BvR1 ;
qvR1
qPvR1
VvR1 Vk GvR1 sinvR1 k BvR1 cosvR1 k ;
qk
qPvR1
VvR1 PvR1 VvR12
GvR1 ;
qVvR1
qPvR1
Vk VvR1 Vk GvR1 cosvR1 k BvR1 sinvR1 k ;
qVk
qQvR1
PvR1 VvR1
2
GvR1 ;
qvR1
qQvR1
VvR1 Vk GvR1 cosvR1 k BvR1 sinvR1 k ;
qk
qQvR1
VvR1 QvR1 VvR 2
BvR1 ;
qVvR1
qQvR1
Vk VvR1 Vk GvR1 sinvR1 k BvR1 cosvR1 k ;
qVk
qPHVDC
Qk Vk2 GvR1 ;
qk
qPHVDC
Vk VvR1 GvR1 sink vR1 BvR1 cosk vR1 ;
qvR1
qPHVDC
Vk Pk Vk2 GvR1 ;
qVk
qPHVDC
VvR1 Vk VvR1 GvR1 cosk vR1 BvR1 sink vR1 ;
qVvR1
qPHVDC
QvR2 VvR2 2
BvR2 :
qvR2

Appedix A Acha Facts

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Appedix A Acha Facts

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Appendix A: Jacobian

Elements for FACTS

A.1 TAP-CHANGING TRANSFORMER

FACTS: Modelling and Simulation in Power Networks.

A.2 THYRISTOR-CONTROLLED SERIES COMPENSATOR

Partial derivatives of the variable series impedance model are:

A.3 STATIC SYNCHRONOUS COMPENSATOR

Partial derivatives for the static compensator (STATCOM) model are:

A.4 UNIFIED POWER FLOW CONTROLLER

A.5 HIGH-VOLTAGE DIRECT-CURRENT-BASED VOLTAGE

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