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S 750501 Termino
S 750501 Termino
ANSI/ISA75.05.01-2000
ISAThe Instrumentation,
Systems, and
Automation Society
ANSI/ISA75.05.012000
Control Valve Terminology
ISBN: 1-55617-741-0
Copyright 2000 by ISAThe Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society. All rights
reserved. Not for resale. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the
Publisher.
ISA
67 Alexander Drive
P.O. Box 12277
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
USA
3 ANSI/ISA75.05.012000
Preface
This preface, as well as all footnotes and annexes, is included for information purposes and is not part of
ANSI/ISA75.05.012000.
The standards referenced within this document may contain provisions which, through reference in this
text, constitute requirements of this document. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid.
All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this document are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated within this
document. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ANSI
maintain registers of currently valid U.S. National Standards.
This document has been prepared as part of the service of ISAThe Instrumentation, Systems, and
Automation Society, toward a goal of uniformity in the field of instrumentation. To be of real value, this
document should not be static but should be subject to periodic review. Toward this end, the Society
welcomes all comments and criticisms and asks that they be addressed to the Secretary, Standards and
Practices Board; ISA; 67 Alexander Drive; P. O. Box 12277; Research Triangle Park, NC 27709;
Telephone (919) 549-8411; Fax (919) 549-8288; E-mail: standards@isa.org.
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greatest extent possible. Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric
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EVEN IF ISA IS UNAWARE OF ANY PATENT COVERING THIS STANDARD, THE USER IS
CAUTIONED THAT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STANDARD MAY REQUIRE USE OF TECHNIQUES,
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ANSI/ISA75.05.012000 4
HOWEVER, ISA ASKS THAT ANYONE REVIEWING THIS STANDARD WHO IS AWARE OF ANY
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STANDARDS AND PRACTICES DEPARTMENT OF THE PATENT AND ITS OWNER.
NAME COMPANY
NAME COMPANY
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5 ANSI/ISA75.05.012000
This published standard was approved for publication by the ISA Standards and Practices Board on
30 December 2000.
NAME COMPANY
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* One vote per company.
ANSI/ISA75.05.012000 6
Contents
1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................... 9
2 Purpose ............................................................................................................................................ 9
3 Definitions......................................................................................................................................... 9
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9 ANSI/ISA75.05.012000
1 Scope
This standard contains terminology for control valves.
2 Purpose
To provide a glossary of definitions commonly used in the control valve industry.
3 Definitions
3.1 Accuracy:
the degree of conformity of an indicated value to a recognized accepted standard value or ideal value.
3.2 Accessories:
devices usually attached to the actuator for various control functions such as positioners, relays, solenoid
valves, airsets, handwheel, and limit switches.
3.3 Actuator:
a pneumatic, hydraulic, or electrically powered device which supplies force and motion to position a valves
closure member at or between the open or closed position.
3.10 Ball:
a spherically shaped closure member.
3.14 Body:
the main pressure boundary of the valve that also provides the pipe connecting ends, the fluid flow
passageway, and supports the valve trim.
3.16 Bonnet:
the portion of the valve that contains the packing box and stem seal and may guide the stem. It provides
the principal opening to the body cavity for assembly of internal parts or it may be an integral part of the
valve body. It may also provide for the attachment of the actuator to the valve body. Typical bonnets are
bolted, threaded, welded, pressure-sealed, or integral with the body.
3.21 Boss:
a localized projection on a valve or actuator surface provided for various purposes, such as drain
connections, auxiliary connections, yoke connection or other attachments.
15 ANSI/ISA75.05.012000
3.24 Bushing:
a device which supports and/or guides moving parts such as valve stems or shafts.
3.26 Cage:
a part of a valve trim, in a globe or angle body, that surrounds the closure member and whose flow
passages may provide flow characterization and/or a seating surface. It may also provide stability,
guiding, balance, and alignment, and facilitate assembly of other parts of the valve trim.
3.28 Capacity:
the rate of flow through a valve usually stated in terms of CV or KV.
3.29 Cavitation:
a two-stage phenomenon of liquid flow. The first stage is the formation of vapor bubbles within the liquid
system due to static pressure of fluid falling below the fluid vapor pressure; the second stage is the
collapse or implosion of these cavities back into an all-liquid state as the fluid decelerates and static
pressure is recovered.
ANSI/ISA75.05.012000 16
3.33 Class:
a convenient round number used to designate allowable pressure/temperature ratings for valves and pipe
fittings using arbritrary Class numbers from tables developed by ASME and ISO for a variety of materials.
3.36.1 Characterized:
closure member with contoured surface, such as the "Vee Plug," to provide desired flow
characteristics.
3.36.2 Cylindrical:
a cylindrical closure member with a flow passage through it (or a partial cylinder).
3.36.5 Linear:
a closure member that moves in a line perpendicular to the seating plane.
3.36.6 Rotary:
a closure member that is rotated into or away from a seat to modulate flow.
3.36.7 Tapered:
closure member is tapered and may be lifted from seating surface before rotating to close or open.
3.38 Compressor:
the device, in a weir-type or sleeve (pinch) valve, that the valve stem forces against the backside of the
diaphragm or sleeve to cause the diaphragm or sleeve to move and seal against the internal flow
passageway of the valve body.
3.44 CWP:
see Cold working pressure.
3.45 Dashpot:
a less preferred term. See "Snubber."
3.51 Disk:
a circular shaped closure member used to modify the flow rate with either linear or rotary motion.
ANSI/ISA75.05.012000 18
3.54 Drift:
an undesired change in the output/input relationship over a period of time.
3.59.1 Flanged:
valve end connections incorporating flanges that mate with corresponding flanges on the piping.
3.59.3 Threaded:
valve end connections incorporating threads, either male or female.
3.59.4 Welded:
valve end connections which have been prepared for welding to the line pipe or other fittings. May
be butt weld (BWE), or socket weld (SWE).
3.61 Environment:
ambient conditions (including temperature, pressure, humidity, radioactivity and corrosiveness of the
atmosphere) surrounding the valve and actuator. Also, the mechanical and seismic vibration transmitted
through the piping or heat radiated toward the actuator from the valve body.
19 ANSI/ISA75.05.012000
3.66.1 Fail-closed:
a condition wherein the valve closure member moves to a closed position when the actuating
energy source fails.
3.66.2 Fail-in-place:
a condition wherein the valve closure member stays in its last position when the actuating energy
source fails.
3.66.3 Fail-open:
a condition wherein the valve closure member moves to an open position when the actuating energy
source fails.
3.66.4 Fail-safe:
a characteristic of a particular valve and its actuator, which upon loss of actuating energy supply, will
cause a valve closure member to be fully closed, fully open or remain in the last position, whichever
position is defined as necessary to protect the process. Fail-safe action may involve the use of
auxiliary controls connected to the actuator.
3.73 Handwheel:
a mechanical manual override device, using a rotary wheel, to stroke a valve or to limit its travel.
3.76 Hysteresis:
the maximum difference in output value for any single input value during a calibration cycle,
excluding errors due to dead band. This difference is sometimes called hysteretic error. See
ANSI/ISA-S51.1-1979 (R1993), Process Instrumentation Terminology.
3.84 Lapping:
a process of mating contact surfaces by grinding and/or polishing.
3.87 Lift:
a nonstandard term. See "Travel."
3.89 Linearity:
the closeness to which a curve relating to two variables approximates a straight line.
flow of liquids. See ISA-S75.01-1985 (R1995), Flow Equations for Sizing Control Valves and
ANSI/ISA-S75.02-1996, Control Valve Capacity Test Procedures.
3.97 Modulation:
the action of a control valve to regulate fluid flow by varying the position of the closure member.
3.100 Nameplate:
a plate attached to a control valve bearing the name of the manufacturer and a listing of valve
specifications.
3.106 Packing:
a sealing system consisting of deformable material contained in a packing box which usually has an
adjustable compression means to obtain or maintain an effective seal.
3.117 Plug:
a term frequently used to refer to the closure member.
25 ANSI/ISA75.05.012000
3.120 Port:
(1) The flow control orifice of a control valve, and (2) the opening of a valves inlet or outlet passageways.
3.122 Positioner:
a position controller, which is mechanically connected to a moving part of a final control element or its
actuator, and automatically adjusts its output to the actuator in order to maintain a desired position of the
closure member in proportion to the input signal.
3.127 Precision:
a nonstandard term. See "Repeatability."
3.129 Rangeability:
the ratio of the largest flow coefficient (Cv or Kv) to the smallest controllable flow coefficient (Cv or Kv)
within which the deviation from the specified flow characteristic does not exceed the stated limits.
3.134 Repeatability:
the closeness of agreement among a number of consecutive measurements of the output for the same
value of input under the same operating conditions, approaching from the same direction, for full range
traverses. It does not include hysteresis.
3.135 Reproducibility:
the closeness of agreement among repeated measurements of the output for the same value of input
made under the same operating conditions over a period of time, approaching from both directions. It
includes hysteresis, dead band, drift and repeatability.
3.136 Resolution:
the least interval between two adjacent discrete details which can be distinguished one from the other.
3.145 Sensitivity:
the ratio of the change in output magnitude to the change of the input which causes it, after steady-state
has been reached.
27 ANSI/ISA75.05.012000
3.146 Shaft:
the mechanical member used to support and move a rotary closure member.
3.150 Snubber:
a device that is used to damp the motion of the valve stem.
3.161 Stroke:
a nonstandard term, see "Travel."
3.165 Throttling:
see "Modulating."
3.166 Topworks:
a nonstandard term for "Actuator."
3.167 Transducer:
a device that is actuated by power from one system and transmits power in another form to a second
system, such as a pressure transducer that sends a signal proportional to the measured pressure.
3.168 Travel:
the movement of the closure member from the closed position to an intermediate or rated full open
position.
29 ANSI/ISA75.05.012000
3.172 Trim:
the internal components of a valve that modulate the flow of the controlled fluid.
3.173 Trunnion:
shaft extension(s) on a rotary closure member used to locate and support it with bearings within the valve
body.
3.174 Turndown:
see "Rangeability."
3.177 Valve:
a device used for the control of fluid flow, consisting of a fluid retaining assembly, one or more ports
between end openings and a movable closure member which opens, restricts, or closes the port(s).
ANSI/ISA75.05.012000 30
3.181 Yoke:
the structure that rigidly connects the actuator power unit to the valve.
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ISBN 1-55617-741-0