METHODOLOGY
This is induction motot also known as a current will flow through the run winding to the
capacitor-run motor, is a type of motor that uses a
non-polarized capacitor with a high voltage rating to
generate an electrical phase shift between the run
and start windings. A capacitor with a relatively low
capacitance, and relatively high voltage rating, is
connected in series with the start winding and
remains in the circuit during the entire run cycle. Like
other split-phase motors, the main winding is used
with a smaller start winding, and rotation is changed
by reversing the connection between the main
winding and the start circuit. There are significant
differences, however; the use of a speed sensitive
centrifugal switch requires that other split-phase
motors must operate at, or very close to, full speed.
PSC motors may operate within a wide range of
speeds, much lower than the motor's electrical
speed. The 'permanent' connection to the capacitor
in a PSC motor means that changing rotation is
instantaneous.
A permanent split capacitor (PSC) motor,
has neither a starting switch, nor a capacitor strictly
for starting. Instead, it has a run-type capacitor
permanently connected in series with the start
winding.
This makes the start winding an auxiliary winding
once the motor reaches running speed. Because the
run capacitor must be designed for continuous use, it
cannot provide the starting boost of a starting
capacitor. Typical starting torques of PSC motors are
low, from 20-30% of rated load, so these motors are
not for hard-to-start applications. However, unlike
split-phase motors, PSC motors have low starting
currents, usually less than 200% of rated load
current, making them excellent for applications with
high cycle rates. Breakdown torque varies depending
on the design type and application, though it is
typically somewhat lower than with a cap start
motors.
Only the running capacitor (which is of
relative low value) is connected in series with the
auxiliary winding on starting, the starting torque is
greatly reduced. The running performance of this
type of motor in terms of efficiency and power factor
is the same as a two-value capacitor motor. However,
because of its low starting torque, its successful
application requires close coordination between the
motor manufacturer and the manufacturer of the
driven equipment. PSC motors have several
advantages. They need no starting mechanism and
so can be reversed easily. Designs can be easily
altered for use with speed controllers. They can also
be designed for optimum efficiency and high power
factor at rated load. And they're considered to be the
most reliable of the single phase motors, mostly
because no starting switch is needed.
When voltage is applied to the motor,
common terminal. At this same time current will flow
through the run capacitor to the start winding. When
the current flows through the run capacitor. it will
provide a phase shift that is large enough to start the
motor. As the rotors speed increases, a counter EMF
will he produced in the start winding that will limit
current through it to less than 1 A when the motor
reaches full speed. The small amount of current in
the start winding when the motor is operating at full
speed is small enough so that it won't cause the start
winding to overheat. When the motor shaft sees an
increase in its load, it will slow down slightly. The
decrease in the rotors rpm causes a decrease in the
counter EMF, which makes a larger potential
difference between it and the applied voltage. The
larger potential difference causes an increase in the
current in the start winding, which will cause an
increase in rotor torque that increases the rotors
rpm. This characteristic allows the PSC motor to
operate with a constant speed under varying load
conditions without using any mechanical devices.
This type of motor suffers increased current
magnitude and backward time shift as the motor
comes up to speed, with torque pulsations at full
speed. The solution is to keep the capacitor
(impedance) small to minimize losses. The losses are
less than for a shaded pole motor. This motor
configuration works well up to 1/4 horsepower
(200watt), though, usually applied to smaller motors.
The direction of the motor is easily reversed by
switching the capacitor in series with the other
winding.
Reference
http://what-when-how.com/electric-
motors/single-phase-induction-motors-electric-
motor/
http://www.leeson.com/TechnicalInfor
mation/sphase.html
http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbo
ok/alternating-current/chpt-13/single-phase-
induction-motors/
Valentine, R. (1998) Motor Control
Electronics Handbook. New York: McGraw Hill.
Beaty, H.W. and Kirtley, J.L. (1998)
Electric Motor Handbook. New York:
McGrawHill.