* -

.
( I
-1


15 5
2,15 25 12 23 4+16 3 5
3 2

.............. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
`
} ` = {0;1; 2;3; 4;5............

* - 0
*
* - `
} `* = {1; 2;3; 4;5............


27 24
; `..... ; *`2.....`* ; 0....`* ; 5....` ; 3..... `.....
3 2
-2

-1 41 65
-2 P I

2 3....P ; 4 17....P ; 4 17....I ; 0....I ; 0...P ; 5 13...I
-3 a b c d
) (
a+c ; c+d ; a+b

a
k a = 2k
a k
a = 2k + 1

........ 8 6 4 2 0
........ 9 7 5 3 1

* -
* -



-1 n
) n + ( n + 1) + ( n + 2 4n + 4n + 1
2
)n ( n + 1
-2 n m m ; n

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 m + n m n

n * -1 n + 1
) n ( n + 1
* ) n + ( n + 1) + ( n + 2 ) = 3 ( n + 1 ) n + ( n + 1) + ( n + 2 n + 1
n ) n + ( n + 1) + ( n + 2
n ) n + ( n + 1) + ( n + 2
* 4n 2 + 4n + 1 = 2 ( 2n 2 + 2n ) + 1 ` ) ( 2n 2 + 2n 4n 2 + 4n + 1

n -2 m m ; n
m + n m n
) ( m n
* ) ( m n k ` m n = 2k 2n
) m + n = 2k + 2n = 2 ( k + n ` k + n m + n
* ) ( m n k ` m n = 2k + 1 2n
m + n = 2k + 2n + 1 = 2 ( k + n ) + 1 ` k + n m + n
m + n m n
(II
(A
-1
1
-1
2210 211 999 121 33 75 50 24
2
3
5
11

-2 2 3 311
2
6 9


) 6 9 . 18
6 9 (18
2
n
; n=7 - n 2 1 8 n = 5 ; n = 3 ; n = 1
- n 2 1 8 n

- n k ` n = 2k + 1
) n 2 1 = ( n 1)( n + 1 )n 2 1 = 4k ( k + 1
) k ( k + 1 ) (
' k ` ' k ( k + 1) = 2k ' n 2 1 = 8k
n 2 1 8

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 -2
a b b
a b k a = bk

1775 25 20 15 10 5 0 5
22 4
* -3 *` b
b kb ` k
* 0 k = 0

*
* 0 0
-4

a b
a b
a b ) PPCM ( a; b
PPCM ( 6;10 ) = 30 PPCM ( 4;9 ) = 36
(B
-1
90 126 90 126
-2
a b b
b a k a = bk
: b a a b
a b
1 1
1
0
-3

a b
a b
) PGCD ( a; b
PGCD ( 4;9 ) = 1 PGCD (126;90 ) = 18
(III
-1

) (40
40 37 31 29 13 19 17 13 11 7 3 2

-2
)(
( n 2 ) n

41
72 72 = 8 9 = 2 3
3 2

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a
a " " a

1344 319 24
1344 = 4 4 4 21 = 26 3 7 24 = 8 3 = 23 3 319 = 11 29

) (
:
1344 2 a
672 2 a b
336 2 b
168 2 .......
84 2 .1
42 2
21 3 a
7 7
1

1344 = 26 3 7

-3 ) (
1

. .
1

. .
PPCM ( a; a ) = a PPCM ( a;1) = a PGCD ( a; a ) = a PGCD ( a;1) = 1
:
)PPCM ( 35;121) PGCD ( 35;121 ) PPCM ( 84; 216 ) PGCD ( 84; 216

* a b a b
a a
b
a . b

* a b a b
b b
a
a . b

* a
2
p . p a
a a
a a

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