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Convergence Tests PDF
Convergence Tests PDF
MWITS
Theorem
(The Divergence Test)
X
1 If lim an 6= 0, then the series an diverges.
n
n=1
X
2 If lim an = 0, then the series an may either converge or diverge.
n
n=1
Theorem
(The Divergence Test)
X
1 If lim an 6= 0, then the series an diverges.
n
n=1
X
2 If lim an = 0, then the series an may either converge or diverge.
n
n=1
Theorem
X
If the series an converges, then lim an = 0
n
n=1
Theorem
(Convergence of p-Series)
X 1 1 1 1
p
= 1 + p + p + p +
k 2 3 k
k=1
k
X 1
2 1+
k
k=1
k
X 1
2 1+
k
k=1
X
3 cos k
k=1
X k2 + 1
18.
k2 + 3
k=1
X k2 + 1
18.
k2 + 3
k=1
X
23. 7k 1.01
k=5
29. Use the results of Excercise 27 and 28, if needed, to determine whether each
series converges or diverges.
k1
X 2 1
1 +
3 k
k=1
29. Use the results of Excercise 27 and 28, if needed, to determine whether each
series converges or diverges.
k1
X 2 1
1 +
3 k
k=1
X 1 1
2 + 3/2
3k + 2 k
k=1
Theorem
X
X
(The Comparison Test) Let an and bn be series with nonnegative terms
n=1 n=1
and suppose that 0 an bn for all n
X
X
1 If the bigger series bn converges, then the smaller series an also
n=1 n=1
converges.
X
X
2 If the smaller series an diverges, then the bigger series bn also
n=1 n=1
diverges.
Theorem
X
X
(The Limit Comparison Test) Let an and bn be series with positive terms
n=1 n=1
and suppose that
an
= lim
n bn
If is finite and > 0, then the series both converge or both diverge.
Theorem
X
(The Ratio Test) Let an be a series with positive terms and suppose
n=1
an+1
= lim
n an
Theorem
X
(The Root Test) Let an be a series with positive terms and suppose that
n=1
= lim n
an = lim (an )1/n
n n
X 3
2
1
k=1
k 4
X 3
2
1
k=1
k 4
3. In each part, use the comparison test to show that the series converges.
X 1
1
3k + 5
k=1
X 3
2
1
k=1
k 4
3. In each part, use the comparison test to show that the series converges.
X 1
1
3k + 5
k=1
X 5 sin2 k
2
k!
k=1
X 3
2
1
k=1
k 4
3. In each part, use the comparison test to show that the series converges.
X 1
1
3k + 5
k=1
X 5 sin2 k
2
k!
k=1
X k(k + 3)
8.
(k + 1)(k + 2)(k + 5)
k=1
X k(k + 3)
8.
(k + 1)(k + 2)(k + 5)
k=1
X 1
10.
(2k + 3)17
k=1
k
X 1
14. k
2
k=1
k
X 1
14. k
2
k=1
X k
16.
k2 + 1
k=1
X k
19.
5k
k=1
X k
19.
5k
k=1
P P
54. Let ak and bk be series with positive terms. Prove :
P P
1 If lim (ak /bk ) = 0 and bk converges, then ak converges.
k+
X k
19.
5k
k=1
P P
54. Let ak and bk be series with positive terms. Prove :
P P
1 If lim (ak /bk ) = 0 and bk converges, then ak converges.
k+
P P
2 If lim (ak /bk ) = + and bk diverge, then ak diverges.
k+
X k
19.
5k
k=1
P P
54. Let ak and bk be series with positive terms. Prove :
P P
1 If lim (ak /bk ) = 0 and bk converges, then ak converges.
k+
P P
2 If lim (ak /bk ) = + and bk diverge, then ak diverges.
k+