Programming Techniques: Free Software, GNU/Linux and The Linux Environment

Introduction
Intellectual Property
Free Software. GNU/Linux
The GNU/Linux environment
References
Programming Techniques
Free software, GNU/Linux and the Linux environment
Dr.Eng. Alin-Adrian ANTON

alin.anton@cs.upt.ro
February 21, 2013
Dr.Eng. Alin-Adrian ANTON Programming Techniques. GNU/Linux environment 1/35

Introduction
References
Outline
1 Introduction
Lectures outline
Policies and logistics
Textbooks
Course objectives
2 Intellectual Property
What is software?
The four types of intellectual property
Digital piracy
3 Free Software. GNU/Linux
Free software
GNU Operating system
4 The GNU/Linux environment
The directory structure
Useful commands
Compiling a C program
Introduction
References
Outline
1 Introduction
Lectures outline
Textbooks
Course objectives
What is software?
Digital piracy
Free software
Useful commands
Introduction
References
Outline
1 Introduction
Lectures outline
Textbooks
Course objectives
What is software?
Digital piracy
Free software
Useful commands
Introduction
References
Outline
1 Introduction
Lectures outline
Textbooks
Course objectives
What is software?
Digital piracy
Free software
Useful commands
Introduction
Lectures outline
Textbooks
Course objectives
References
Section 1
Introduction

Introduction
Lectures outline
Textbooks
Course objectives
References
Lectures outline I
1 GNU/Linux environment.
2 Structures, unions, bit fields. Command line arguments.
3 Function pointers.
4 Processing text files.
5 Processing binary files.
6 Stepwise Refinement. Large programs. The preprocessor.
7 NASA elements of style.

Introduction
Lectures outline
Textbooks
Course objectives
References
Lectures outline II
8 Recursion.
9 Greedy. Divide and Conquer.
10 Backtracking.
11 Singly linked lists.
12 Doubly linked lists.
13 Abstract data types.
14 Sorting.
This is only informative! The current structure is subject to
change!

Introduction
Lectures outline
Textbooks
Course objectives
References
Lectures:
interactive and challenging
Labs:
40% theoretical part (choice-based questionnaire)
60% individual programming
Final grade:
50% exam
40% labs
10% course activity
activity != lurking

Introduction
Lectures outline
Textbooks
Course objectives
References
Lectures:
interactive and challenging
Labs:
40% theoretical part (choice-based questionnaire)
60% individual programming
Final grade:
50% exam
40% labs
10% course activity
activity != lurking

Introduction
Lectures outline
Textbooks
Course objectives
References
Textbooks
1 Ciocarlie Horia, Ciocarlie Rodica, Tehnici de programare si

structuri de date, http://curs.algoritmi.ro/ (Romanian,
University library)
2 Samuel P. Harbison, Guy L. Steele Jr., C: A reference manual
http://careferencemanual.com/ (University library)
3 Kenneth A. Reek, Pointers on C

4 Alana, R. Feuer, The C Puzzle Book
5 Steven S. Skiena, The Algorithm Design Manual

6 Miguel A. Revilla, William B. Poucher, From Baylor to Baylor

Introduction
Lectures outline
Textbooks
Course objectives
References
Course objectives
These lectures will teach you how to:

master the C programming language at an advanced level
understand the fundamental problem-solving techniques for
programming
create art and beauty when you write programs!

Introduction
Intellectual Property What is software?
Free Software. GNU/Linux The four types of intellectual property
The GNU/Linux environment Digital piracy
References
Section 2

Introduction
References
What is software?
Figure: Z31 at Konrad Zuses Home

Introduction
References
What is software?
the software term was coined to describe the non-hardware

components of the computer, in particular the programs that
were needed to make the computers perform their intended
tasks (Rosen, 2003)

Introduction
References
Laws are just like software: they are vast amounts of technical
texts with lots of patches, updates and version controlling
(Lindberg, 2008).
There are four types of intellectual property:

1 Copyrights
2 Trademarks
3 Trade secrets
4 Patents

Introduction
References
Laws are just like software: they are vast amounts of technical
texts with lots of patches, updates and version controlling
(Lindberg, 2008).
There are four types of intellectual property:

1 Copyrights
2 Trademarks
3 Trade secrets
4 Patents

Introduction
References

Lindberg (2008):
1 Copyrights are limitations on the expression of an idea. They
are designed to protect paintings, music, sculptures, dramatic
work, writing (including software), architectural drawings and
anything else that shows individual creative expression.
2 Trademarks protect the association of a provider of services
or goods with a picture, word, slogans, or a tune.
3 Trade secrets consist of information which derives value from
the fact of being secret (future product plans and market
strategies)
4 Patents are time-limited statutory monopolies designed to
protect inventions and technological developments in return of
full disclosure.
Introduction
References

Lindberg (2008):
strategies)
full disclosure.
Introduction
References

Lindberg (2008):
strategies)
full disclosure.
Introduction
References

Lindberg (2008):
strategies)
full disclosure.
Introduction
References
Digital piracy
Copyright
You already learned how hard it is to debug programs. It is even
harder to plan and design them, and you already know how easy
they are to copy. So please do not copy software without giving
proper retribution to the owner.

Introduction
References
What do you think?
What do you think?

Is it okay to scan books and magazines and post them on the
Internet?

Introduction
References
What do you think?
is it hard to write a book or publish a magazine?

maybe someone has already paid for it
the guy scanning it works pro bono, shares personal time and
resources and actually pays for the original
why pay the official distributor if the money does not reach
the real authors?

Introduction
References
What do you think?

the real authors?

Introduction
References
What do you think?

the real authors?

Introduction
References
What do you think?

the real authors?

Introduction
References
Professional photoshop makeover
Be SMART!
Google for:
photoshop +
fails
photoshop +
(before and
after)
Image via www.afterphotoshop.com, accessed 20/02/2013 .

Introduction
References
Be SMART!
Google for:
photoshop +
fails
photoshop +
(before and
after)

Introduction
References
Be SMART!
Google for:
photoshop +
fails
photoshop +
(before and
after)

Introduction
References

The editor is doing hard work to make you pay for what you
see! Amazing, isnt it?

Introduction
References
Professional photoshop makeover (again)
Surprised? Google
for:
photoshop +
fails
photoshop +
(before and
after)

Introduction
References

Hey, a movie has 25-30 frames per second!

Introduction
References
What do you think?
is it okay to rip audio CDs and upload the MP3

files to the Internet?
how about sharing MP3 files with friends? (click
for video)
the quality of an audio CD is 10 times that of an
128Kbps MP3 file
is it okay to publicly distribute a text-only file of
the Winnetou novel ? is there any difference
between the text file and scanned PDF/DJVU
format?
what about a printed copy?

Introduction
References
What do you think?

for video)
128Kbps MP3 file
format?

Introduction
References
What do you think?

for video)
128Kbps MP3 file
format?

Introduction
References
What do you think?

for video)
128Kbps MP3 file
format?

Introduction
References
What do you think?

for video)
128Kbps MP3 file
format?

Introduction
References
What do you think?
would you buy the music if it wouldnt be available

for free?
can you afford to buy it?
do you buy DVDs and tickets to the movies you
like? do you also download them?
is it the same experience to watch a sloppy cam
recorded screener version of a movie as
compared to watching it at the cinema?
are you FREE to enjoy the product you already
paid for, or perhaps you are bound to consume it
in a very controlled fashion, which may include
watching commercials you dont want to?
Introduction
References
What do you think?

for free?
Introduction
References
What do you think?

for free?
Introduction
References
What do you think?

for free?
Introduction
References
What do you think?

for free?
Introduction
References
Did you know?..
Patent absurdity
Did you know that someone attempted to issue a patent for the
mouse click and make everyone else pay for this idea?
Just like in politics, there are no silver bullets, and this remains
an open question! What do YOU think? Here are some interesting
links:
http://questioncopyright.org/
http://creativecommons.org/
http://patentabsurdity.com/

Introduction
Free software
References
Section 3

Introduction
Free software
References
Free Software
FREE as in FREEdom (click for movie):

1 The freedom to run the program, for any purpose.
2 The freedom to study how the program works, and
change it so it does your computing as you wish.
3 The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your
neighbour.
4 The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions
to others.

Introduction
Free software
References
The GNU Project was launched in 1984 to develop the GNU

system. The name GNU is a recursive acronym for GNUs Not
Unix!. GNU is pronounced gnoo, as one syllable, like
saying grew but replacing the r with n.
A Unix-like operating system is a software collection of
applications, libraries, and developer tools, plus a program to
allocate resources and talk to the hardware, known as a kernel.
The Hurd, GNUs own kernel, is some way from being ready
for daily use. Thus, GNU is typically used today with a kernel
called Linux. This combination is the GNU/Linux
operating system. GNU/Linux is used by millions, though
many call it Linux by mistake.
Source: www.gnu.org
Introduction
Free software
References

Source: www.gnu.org
Introduction
Free software
References

Source: www.gnu.org
Introduction
Free software
References
Open Source movement != Free Software movement

Open source is a development methodology; free software is a
social movement.
For the Open Source movement, non-free software is a
suboptimal solution; for the Free Software movement, non-free
software is a social problem and free software is the solution.
Source: www.gnu.org . A good read: Raymond (1999).

Introduction
Free software
References
Powered by GNU
Figure: G(G(GNUs not UNIX )NUs not UNIX)NUs not UNIX..

Introduction
Intellectual Property The directory structure
Free Software. GNU/Linux Useful commands
The GNU/Linux environment Compiling a C program
References
Section 4

Introduction
References
The GNU/Linux directory structure
/root superuser secret files

/usr contains user data
/usr/home personal home directories for the users
/home link to /usr/home
/home/student your home directory
/var mail data and databases
/lib software libraries
/tmp temporary files, may be deleted at boot

Introduction
References
Useful commands
To check the manual pages, try man followed by command name:

pwd print working directory
ls list files and directory entries
mkdir make a new directory
rmdir remove directory
cp copy files and directories
mv move/rename and files
less view contents of a text file
See The Linux Documentation Project Guides, Introduction
to Linux - A Hands on Guide (http://www.tldp.org/).

Introduction
References
To compile a C program using the GNU C Compiler:

gcc -Wall -o output executable filename.c
To run the program type:

./output executable or /path/to/output executable
The -Wall parameter is optional and instructs the compiler to print

all the warnings if any. The filename given via -o usually has no
extension. If the parameter is omitted, the compiled program will
be saved into ./a.out .

Introduction
References
References I
Lindberg, V. (2008). Intellectual Property and Open Source: A

Practical Guide to Protecting Code. OReilly Media, Inc.
Raymond, E. S. (1999). The Cathedral and the Bazaar. OReilly &
Associates, Inc., Sebastopol, CA, USA, 1st edition.
Rosen, S. (2003). Software. In Encyclopedia of Computer Science,
pages 15991601. John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Chichester, UK.

Introduction
References
Remember
Remember
It is hard to debug programs. It is even harder to plan and
design them, and you already know how easy they are to copy.
So please do not copy software without giving proper retribution
to the owner.

Introduction
References
Thank you
Thank You ! See you at

the labs.

Programming Techniques: Free Software, GNU/Linux and The Linux Environment

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Introduction

Dr.Eng. Alin-Adrian ANTON

February 21, 2013

Dr.Eng. Alin-Adrian ANTON Programming Techniques. GNU/Linux environment 1/35

Dr.Eng. Alin-Adrian ANTON Programming Techniques. GNU/Linux environment 3/35

Dr.Eng. Alin-Adrian ANTON Programming Techniques. GNU/Linux environment 4/35

Dr.Eng. Alin-Adrian ANTON Programming Techniques. GNU/Linux environment 5/35

Policies and logistics

Dr.Eng. Alin-Adrian ANTON Programming Techniques. GNU/Linux environment 6/35

Policies and logistics

Dr.Eng. Alin-Adrian ANTON Programming Techniques. GNU/Linux environment 6/35

1 Ciocarlie Horia, Ciocarlie Rodica, Tehnici de programare si

3 Kenneth A. Reek, Pointers on C

5 Steven S. Skiena, The Algorithm Design Manual

Dr.Eng. Alin-Adrian ANTON Programming Techniques. GNU/Linux environment 7/35

These lectures will teach you how to:

Dr.Eng. Alin-Adrian ANTON Programming Techniques. GNU/Linux environment 8/35

Dr.Eng. Alin-Adrian ANTON Programming Techniques. GNU/Linux environment 9/35

Figure: Z31 at Konrad Zuses Home

the software term was coined to describe the non-hardware

Dr.Eng. Alin-Adrian ANTON Programming Techniques. GNU/Linux environment 11/35

The four types of intellectual property

There are four types of intellectual property:

Dr.Eng. Alin-Adrian ANTON Programming Techniques. GNU/Linux environment 12/35

The four types of intellectual property

There are four types of intellectual property:

Dr.Eng. Alin-Adrian ANTON Programming Techniques. GNU/Linux environment 12/35

The four types of intellectual property

The four types of intellectual property

The four types of intellectual property

The four types of intellectual property

Dr.Eng. Alin-Adrian ANTON Programming Techniques. GNU/Linux environment 14/35

What do you think?

What do you think?

Dr.Eng. Alin-Adrian ANTON Programming Techniques. GNU/Linux environment 15/35

What do you think?

is it hard to write a book or publish a magazine?

Dr.Eng. Alin-Adrian ANTON Programming Techniques. GNU/Linux environment 16/35

What do you think?

is it hard to write a book or publish a magazine?

Dr.Eng. Alin-Adrian ANTON Programming Techniques. GNU/Linux environment 16/35

What do you think?

is it hard to write a book or publish a magazine?

Dr.Eng. Alin-Adrian ANTON Programming Techniques. GNU/Linux environment 16/35

What do you think?

is it hard to write a book or publish a magazine?

Dr.Eng. Alin-Adrian ANTON Programming Techniques. GNU/Linux environment 16/35

Professional photoshop makeover

Image via www.afterphotoshop.com, accessed 20/02/2013 .

Dr.Eng. Alin-Adrian ANTON Programming Techniques. GNU/Linux environment 17/35

Professional photoshop makeover

Image via www.afterphotoshop.com, accessed 20/02/2013 .

Dr.Eng. Alin-Adrian ANTON Programming Techniques. GNU/Linux environment 17/35

Professional photoshop makeover

Image via www.afterphotoshop.com, accessed 20/02/2013 .

Dr.Eng. Alin-Adrian ANTON Programming Techniques. GNU/Linux environment 17/35

Professional photoshop makeover

Professional photoshop makeover

Dr.Eng. Alin-Adrian ANTON Programming Techniques. GNU/Linux environment 18/35

Professional photoshop makeover (again)

Image via www.afterphotoshop.com, accessed 20/02/2013 .

Dr.Eng. Alin-Adrian ANTON Programming Techniques. GNU/Linux environment 19/35

Professional photoshop makeover